Analisis Statistik Berat Badan Analisis Statistik Kadar Asam Urat

3.3. Analisis Statistik Berat Badan

ANOVA BB_0 Sum of Squares df Mean Square F Sig. Between Groups 6,640 4 1,660 ,697 ,603 Within Groups 47,600 20 2,380 Total 54,240 24 ANOVA BB_7 Sum of Squares df Mean Square F Sig. Between Groups 14,960 4 3,740 ,714 ,592 Within Groups 104,800 20 5,240 Total 119,760 24 ANOVA BB_14 Sum of Squares df Mean Square F Sig. Between Groups 9,200 4 2,300 1,494 ,242 Within Groups 30,800 20 1,540 Total 40,000 24 ANOVA BB_21 Sum of Squares df Mean Square F Sig. Between Groups 3,040 4 ,760 ,432 ,784 Within Groups 35,200 20 1,760 Total 38,240 24 Universitas Sumatera Utara Lampiran 4. 4. Kadar Asam Urat 4.1. Data Mentah Kadar Asam Urat Perlakuan Ulangan Kadar Asam Urat mgdl 7 14 21 aquadest 1 0,89 0,91 0,91 0,9 2 0,95 0,93 0,95 0,96 3 0,94 0,95 1,02 0,96 4 1,31 1,27 1,15 1,17 5 1,16 1,21 1,12 1,16 Diet Otak Sapi 1 0,96 2,4 2,32 1,96 2 1,06 2,6 2,98 2,24 3 1,12 2,63 2,6 2,12 4 1,24 2,41 3,24 2,16 5 1,02 2,63 2,72 2,03 Diet Otak Sapi + 1 mg ekstrak 1 0,91 2,46 2,01 1,25 2 0,92 2 1,6 0,99 3 1,02 2,14 1,74 1,06 4 0,99 2,15 1,68 1,01 5 1,04 2,23 1,93 1,12 Diet Otak Sapi + 2 mg ekstrak 1 1,24 3,03 2,4 1,2 2 0,96 2,96 2,32 0,95 3 1,04 2,98 2,25 0,99 4 1,21 3,21 2,67 1,19 5 0,9 2,62 2,22 0,96 Diet Otak Sapi + 3 mg ekstrak 1 1,32 3,05 2,3 1,56 2 0,94 2,51 1,94 1,02 3 0,89 2,4 1,85 0,97 4 1,17 2,15 1,9 1,21 5 1,26 2,12 2,26 1,36 4.2. Rata-rata Kadar Asam Urat Perlakuan Kadar Asam Urat mgdl hari ke 0 hari ke 7 hari ke 14 hari ke 21 P1 1,05 1,05 1,03 1,03 P2 1,08 2,53 2,77 2,1 P3 0,98 2,2 1,76 1,08 P4 1,07 2,96 2,37 1,06 P5 1,12 2,45 2,05 1,22 Universitas Sumatera Utara

4.3. Analisis Statistik Kadar Asam Urat

ANOVA hari_0 Sum of Squares df Mean Square F Sig. Between Groups 1400,800 4 350,200 ,572 ,686 Within Groups 12247,200 20 612,360 Total 13648,000 24 ANOVA hari_7 Sum of Squares df Mean Square F Sig. Between Groups 96358,160 4 24089,540 3,294 ,032 Within Groups 146268,800 20 7313,440 Total 242626,960 24 Multiple Comparisons Dependent Variable: hari_7 Bonferroni I perlakuan J perlakuan Mean Difference I-J Std. Error Sig. 95 Confidence Interval Lower Bound Upper Bound u1 u2 -58,00000 54,08675 1,000 -228,5572 112,5572 u3 -78,20000 54,08675 1,000 -248,7572 92,3572 u4 -190,60000 54,08675 ,021 -361,1572 -20,0428 u5 -96,00000 54,08675 ,911 -266,5572 74,5572 u2 u1 58,00000 54,08675 1,000 -112,5572 228,5572 u3 -20,20000 54,08675 1,000 -190,7572 150,3572 u4 -132,60000 54,08675 ,235 -303,1572 37,9572 u5 -38,00000 54,08675 1,000 -208,5572 132,5572 u3 u1 78,20000 54,08675 1,000 -92,3572 248,7572 u2 20,20000 54,08675 1,000 -150,3572 190,7572 u4 -112,40000 54,08675 ,508 -282,9572 58,1572 u5 -17,80000 54,08675 1,000 -188,3572 152,7572 u4 u1 190,60000 54,08675 ,021 20,0428 361,1572 u2 132,60000 54,08675 ,235 -37,9572 303,1572 u3 112,40000 54,08675 ,508 -58,1572 282,9572 u5 94,60000 54,08675 ,956 -75,9572 265,1572 u5 u1 96,00000 54,08675 ,911 -74,5572 266,5572 u2 38,00000 54,08675 1,000 -132,5572 208,5572 u3 17,80000 54,08675 1,000 -152,7572 188,3572 u4 -94,60000 54,08675 ,956 -265,1572 75,9572 . The mean difference is significant at the 0.05 level. Universitas Sumatera Utara ANOVA hari_14 Sum of Squares df Mean Square F Sig. Between Groups 90373,360 4 22593,340 5,371 ,004 Within Groups 84132,800 20 4206,640 Total 174506,160 24 Multiple Comparisons Dependent Variable: hari_14 Bonferroni I perlakuan J perlakuan Mean Difference I- J Std. Error Sig. 95 Confidence Interval Lower Bound Upper Bound u1 u2 -174,20000 41,02019 ,004 -303,5531 -44,8469 u3 -76,20000 41,02019 ,780 -205,5531 53,1531 u4 -91,00000 41,02019 ,383 -220,3531 38,3531 u5 -26,40000 41,02019 1,000 -155,7531 102,9531 u2 u1 174,20000 41,02019 ,004 44,8469 303,5531 u3 98,00000 41,02019 ,269 -31,3531 227,3531 u4 83,20000 41,02019 ,561 -46,1531 212,5531 u5 147,80000 41,02019 ,018 18,4469 277,1531 u3 u1 76,20000 41,02019 ,780 -53,1531 205,5531 u2 -98,00000 41,02019 ,269 -227,3531 31,3531 u4 -14,80000 41,02019 1,000 -144,1531 114,5531 u5 49,80000 41,02019 1,000 -79,5531 179,1531 u4 u1 91,00000 41,02019 ,383 -38,3531 220,3531 u2 -83,20000 41,02019 ,561 -212,5531 46,1531 u3 14,80000 41,02019 1,000 -114,5531 144,1531 u5 64,60000 41,02019 1,000 -64,7531 193,9531 u5 u1 26,40000 41,02019 1,000 -102,9531 155,7531 u2 -147,80000 41,02019 ,018 -277,1531 -18,4469 u3 -49,80000 41,02019 1,000 -179,1531 79,5531 u4 -64,60000 41,02019 1,000 -193,9531 64,7531 . The mean difference is significant at the 0.05 level. Universitas Sumatera Utara ANOVA hari_21 Sum of Squares df Mean Square F Sig. Between Groups 48405,440 4 12101,360 22,356 ,000 Within Groups 10826,000 20 541,300 Total 59231,440 24 Multiple Comparisons Dependent Variable: hari_21 Bonferroni I perlakuan J perlakuan Mean Difference I-J Std. Error Sig. 95 Confidence Interval Lower Bound Upper Bound u1 u2 -107,20000 14,71462 ,000 -153,6011 -60,7989 u3 -5,60000 14,71462 1,000 -52,0011 40,8011 u4 18,80000 14,71462 1,000 -27,6011 65,2011 u5 -19,40000 14,71462 1,000 -65,8011 27,0011 u2 u1 107,20000 14,71462 ,000 60,7989 153,6011 u3 101,60000 14,71462 ,000 55,1989 148,0011 u4 126,00000 14,71462 ,000 79,5989 172,4011 u5 87,80000 14,71462 ,000 41,3989 134,2011 u3 u1 5,60000 14,71462 1,000 -40,8011 52,0011 u2 -101,60000 14,71462 ,000 -148,0011 -55,1989 u4 24,40000 14,71462 1,000 -22,0011 70,8011 u5 -13,80000 14,71462 1,000 -60,2011 32,6011 u4 u1 -18,80000 14,71462 1,000 -65,2011 27,6011 u2 -126,00000 14,71462 ,000 -172,4011 -79,5989 u3 -24,40000 14,71462 1,000 -70,8011 22,0011 u5 -38,20000 14,71462 ,173 -84,6011 8,2011 u5 u1 19,40000 14,71462 1,000 -27,0011 65,8011 u2 -87,80000 14,71462 ,000 -134,2011 -41,3989 u3 13,80000 14,71462 1,000 -32,6011 60,2011 u4 38,20000 14,71462 ,173 -8,2011 84,6011 . The mean difference is significant at the 0.05 level. Universitas Sumatera Utara DAFTAR PUSTAKA Abdullahi, W., Hamzah, R.U., Jigam, A. A., Yahya, A., Kabiru, A. Y., Muhammad, A., Sakpe, S., Adefolalu, F. S., Isah, M. C. Kolo, M. Z. 2012. Inhibitory activity of xanthine oxidase by fractions Crateva adansonii, J. of Acute Disease, 126-129 . Adjie, S. 2011. Dahsyatnya Sirsak Tumpas Penyakit. Jakarta: Pustaka Bunda. Arsyiyanti, C. 2012. Pengaruh Pemberian Jus Biji Pepaya Carica papaya L. Terhadap Kadar Asam Urat Tikus Sparague Dawley Dislipidemia. Semarang: Universitas Diponegoro. Azmi, U. 2010. Efek Ekstrak Etanol Daging Buah Mahkota Dewa Phaleria macrocarpa Scheff. Boerl. Terhadap Penurunan Kadar Asam Urat Pada Mencit Putih Jantan yang Diinduksi Potasium Oxonate. Skripsi. Surakarta: Universitas Muhammadiyah Surkarta. Azmi, S. M. N., Jamal, P. Amid, A. 2012. Xanthine Oxidase Inhibitory Activity from Potential Malaysian Medicinal Plant as Remedie for Gout. International Food Research Journal, 19 1: 159-165. Becker Meenaskshi j. 2005. Clinical Gout and Phatogenesis of Hyperurisemia In Arthritis and Allied Conditions, A text book of Rheumathology, 132 Editor WJ Koopman, Baltimore: Williams Wikins a Wavelry com: 2303-2339. Boudiaf, K., Houcher, Z., Sobhi, W., and Benboubetra, M. 2010. Evaluation of Antioxidant and Anti-Xanthine Oxidoreductase Activities of Nigella sativa Linn seeds extracts. Journal of Applied Biological Sciences; 41: 7-16. Cos, P., Ying, L., Calomme, M., Hu, J. P., Cimanga, K., Poel, B. V., Pieters, L., Vlietinck, A. J., and Berghe, D. V. 1998. Structure-Activity Relationship and Classification of Flavonoids as Inhibitors of Xanthine Oxidase and Superoxide Scavengers. Journal of natural product, 61 1: 71-76. Gillium, R. F. 1999. Risk factors for stroke in blacks: A critical review. Am J Epidemiol, 150 pp. 1266-74. Harborne, J. B. 1987. Metode Fitokimia: Penuntun Cara Modern Menganalisis Tumbuhan. Terjemahan Padmawinata, K dan Soediro, I. Edisi kedua. Bandung: ITB Hawkins D. W, Daniel W. R. 2005. Pharmacoterahy; A Pathophysiological Aproach 3 nd ed. London: Black well Scientific Publication: 1755-1760. Universitas Sumatera Utara Hidayat, R. 2009, Gout dan Hiperurisemia, Medicinus, Vol. 22, No.1. Iswantini, D. Darusman L. K. 2003. Effectof Sidaguri as an uric acid lowering agent on the acitivity of oxidase enzim. Proceeding of International Symposium on Biomedicine. Biopharmacia Research Center. Bogor Agriculture University. Katzung, B. G., Masters, S. B. Trevor, A. J. 2012. Basic Clinical Pharmacology, 12 Ed. New York: McGraw-Hill. Kelley W. N. Wortman. D. 1997. Gout and Hyperuricemia. In Textbook of Rheumatology, fifth edition, Editor W N kelley. Philadelpia: WB Saunder Comp: 1314-1350. Kim, S. Y., Guevara, J. P., Kim, K. M., Choi, H. K., Heitjan, D. F. Albert, D.A. 2010. Hyperuricemia and Risk of Stroke: A Systematic Review and Meta analysis. NIH Public Access. pp: 885–892. Lamb, E., Newman, D. J. 2006. Tietz Text Book of Clinical Chemistry and Molecular Diagnostic. 4th Ed. USA: Elsevier Saunders. Lelyana dan Rosa. 2008. Pengaruh Kopi terhadap Kadar Asam Urat Darah. Semarang: Universitas Diponegoro. Mardiana, L dan Juwita, R. 2011. Ramuan dan Khasiat Sirsak Terbukti secara Ilmiah Tumpas Penyakit Kanker. Depok: Penebar Swadaya. Mazzali M., Kanellis J., Han L., Feng L., Yang X. L., Chen Q., Duk-hee., Katherine l., Gordon., Watanabe S., Nakagawa., and Richard J. 2001. Hyperuricemia Induces A Primary Renal Arteriolopathy in Rats By A Blood Pressure-independent Mechanism,Division of Nephrology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030. Mudrikah F. 2006. Potensi Ekstrak Jahe Merah Zingiber Officinale Rosc. Dan Herba Suruhan Sebagai Antihiperurisemia Pada Tikus. Skripsi. Bogor: FMIPA Institut Pertanian Bogor. Murray K. R, Granner K. D, Rodwell W. V. 2006. Biokimia Harper. Edisi 27. Singapore: Mc Graw Hill. Halaman 301-309. Noormindhawati L. 2013. Jus Sakti Tumpas Penyakit Asam Urat Edisi I. Jakarta: Pustaka Makmur. Purwatiningsih Arief, R. H. 2010. Antyhyperuricemia activity of kepel leaves extract and xanthine oxidase inhibitory study. International Journal of Pharmaceutical Science. 2: 213-219. Putra, T. R. 2006. Hiperurisemia. Dalam Aru W. Sudoyo. Buku Ajar Ilmu Penyakit Dalam. Jakarta: Pusat Penerbitan Departmen Ilmu Penyakit Dalam FKUI. Universitas Sumatera Utara Rahmadani, T. 2004. Isolasi dan identifikasi senyawa bioaktif seledri dalam menghambat aktivitas enzim XO. Skripsi. Bogor: FMIPA IPB. Rahman, H., Arifin, H., Dewi, K. G., Rizal, Z. Pengaruh Pemberian Jus Buah Sirsak Annona Muricata L. Terhadap Kadar Asam Urat Darah Mencit Putih Jantan Hiperurisemia. Padang: Universitas Andalas Padang. 229- 230. Rodwell, V. W. 1995. Metabolisme Nukleotida Purin dan Pirimidin, Biokimia Harper. Diterjemahkan oleh Andry Hartono. Jakarta: Penerbit Buku Kedokteran EGC. Hal. 378 393. Shamley. D., 2005. Pathophysiology An Essential Text for the Allied Health Professions, Elsevier Limited, USA Sjamsul A. A. 1986, Buku Materi Pokok Kimia Organik Bahan Alam. Jakarta: Universitas Terbuka. Soeparman, Waspadji dan Sarwono. 1998. Ilmu Penyakit Dalam. Jakarta: Balai Penerbit Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Indonesia: 1422-1426 Sustrani, Lanny, Alam, S., dan Hadibroto, I. 2005. Asam Urat. Gramedia Pustaka Utama. Jakarta. hal 25-26 Syamsuhidayat, S. S dan Hutapea, J. R. 1991. Inventaris tanaman obat Indonesia Edisi kedua. Jakarta: Departemen Kesehatan RI. Terkeltaub R. 2001. Gout, Epidemology, Pathology dan Pathogenesis. In Primer On The Rheumatic Disease Ed 12. Georgia: Arthritis Foundation. Halaman 307-312. Thomson, E. 1985. Drug bioscreming fundamental of drug evalution techniques in pharmacology. New York: Grace Way PublishingCampany. Tjitrosoepomo. G. 2005. Taksonomo Umum Dasar-dasar Taksonomi Tumbuhan. Edisi ketiga. Gajah Mada University Press. Jogyakarta. Utami, P. 2003, Tanaman Obat untuk Mengatasi Rematik dan Asam Urat, Agromedia Pustaka, Jakarta. Wahjuni, S., Putra, M. I. B., Rahayu A. N. P., Wahyu Dwijani, S. 2012. Uric Acid Inhibition Activity of Annona muricata L. Leave Extract in Hyperuricemia induced Wistar Rat. World Science Publisher, United States. 201:86-90. Yenrina, R Diah, K. 2002. Diet Sehat Untuk Penderita Asam Urat. Jakarta: Penebar Swadaya. Halaman 6-7. Universitas Sumatera Utara Zhao, Y., Yang, X., Lu, W., Liao, H. Liao F. 2009. Uricase Based Methods for Determination of Uric Acid in Serum. Microcim Acta, 164:1-6. Universitas Sumatera Utara

BAB 3 METODOLOGI PENELITIAN

3.1. Waktu dan Tempat