Procedures of Translation THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK

E. Procedures of Translation

Method of translations is different to strategy and technique of translation, method is focus of the option whether the way used by the translator to translate the source language. 1. According to Imam Taufik, absorption process of borrowed word is consists of four ways procedures which are explained as follows: 46 1.1 Adoption, if the translator takes form and meaning SL which is absorbed totality. The word supermarket, plaza, mall, hotdog are the examples of adoption. 1.2 Adaptation, if the translator is only takes meaning of foreign word which is absorbed then process of writing and spelling area appropriated with target language rules. Such as pluralisasi, akseptabilitas, maksimal, dan kado are examples of adaptation. Those words are experience changing spell from the original pluralization and acceptability. 1.3 Translation, if the translator takes a concept consisted of foreign language then looking for the comparison of TL. Such as tumpang-tindih, percepatan, proyek rintisan, and uji coba are born from translation process of English overlap, acceleration, pilot project, and try out. Translation of foreign term has some profits. Other than enrich Indonesian words with synonym, foreign terms also increase expression of Indonesian language. In figuration by translation, it is necessary to look up these orientations. a. Translation is not always translates word for word. Example: 46 Iman Taufik. Kompeten Berbahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Erlangga, 2007, p. 47 Psychologist  ahli psikologi Medical practitioner  dokter b. Foreign terms in positive are translated into TL with positive form too, as well as negatives. Example: Inorganic  tak organic Bound form  bentuk terikat c. Word class in foreign term if possible defends in target term. Example: Merger nomina  gabung usaha Transparent adjectiva  bening adjektiva d. In translation of plural form of SL, the plural marker is vanished. Example: Master of ceremonies  pembawa acara 1.4 Creation, if translator is only takes basic concept of SL then searching its equivalence in TL. Although as quickly similar with translation, this one is different. Creation does not sue similarity of physical form of the translation. The word that in SL is written in two or three words, in TL may just one word or vice versa. Example: Effective  daya guna, manjur 47 Shuttle  ulang alik 48 2. According to Dendy, doing the translation works for foreign word and expression is doing through Translation and Absorption. 49 47 Hasan Alwi. Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia. Jakarta: Balai pustaka, 2005, p. 185 48 Imam Taufik. op. cit. p. 50 2.1 Translation, translate the word or combined words into target language, for example: Shophouse become rumah toko; ruko Industrial estate become kawasan industry Playground become taman bermain 50 2.2 Absorbtion, this absobtion step is through orthographic adaptation by focus on the form of the text. The result of the absorption is articulated with Indonesian language. for example: Villa become vila Mall become mal Agent become agen 51 Dendy also said that pattern of the name that indicates new word or combined word in Indonesian language is using first, “diterangkan-menerangkan”. 52 For example: Bank Alita not Alita Bank Plaza Arion not Arion Plaza Balai Pertemuan Jakarta not Jakarta Convention Center 49 Dendy Sugono. Pengindonesiaan Kata dan Istilah Asing, Jakarta: Depdiknas, 2003, p. 10 50 Ibid. 51 Ibid. 52 Ibid. p. 9 Second, pattern of “menerangkan-diterangkan”. 53 For example: Adikarya Betawipura Artagraha Swakarsa

F. Analogy and Anomaly Perspectives Borrowed Word in Indonesian Language