correspondence, textbooks to convey information, advice and recommendations for every branch of knowledge.
31
2. Process of Translation
Anuradha Dingwaney said, that the processes of translations involved in making another culture comprehensible entail varying degrees of violence, especially
when the culture being translated is constituted as that of the “other”.
32
According to Nida and Taber, there are three processes of a translation:
A B
Source language Receptor language
Analysis Restructuring
X Transfer
Y
Figure: 1. Nida ‟s three stages system of translation
31
Peter Newmark, A Textbook of Translation, Prentice Hall International: UK, 1988, p. 7
32
Anuradha Dingwaney, Carol Maier, eds., Between Languages and Cultures Translation and Cross-Cultural Texts, London: University of Pittsburgh Press, 1995, p. 4
This system translation used when the translator did not understand what the purpose of the word or sentence or paragraph of the translation text. Second, the
translator had in trouble translates the source text, even have comprehended the source text. The explanation for below:
1. Analyzing the Source language
The translator learns the language text from aspect structure, semantic style and message into the target language support
33
and they should know the connection of meaning in between words and combines words. In this case,
the translator‟s way of thinking is cover by experience, speaking ripeness level, and social aspect mastery, culture and technology influenced of
translation quality result.
34
So, the translator does not capable to comprehension in two languages, but two “worlds”, they are language,
culture, society, and the way of life of citizen that pertinent in the translation language.
35
According to Newmark, text is distinguishable by depending on language functions those are the expressive function, the informative function,
the vocative function, the aesthetic function, the phatic function, and the metalingual function. If translation text has informative function like text that
has knowledge inside it such as technology, economy, commercial and so on,
33
Ibid, p. 33
34
Frans Sayogie, Penerjemahan Bahasa Inggris ke dalam Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: UIN Syahid, p. 24
35
Ibid, p. 25
with standard format like in text book, report book, articles, science of journals and so on.
36
Beside, text can be distinguishable into two those are fiction text and non-fiction text. Fiction text does not have a real reference or it is just in
the text. Non-fiction text has a real reference that clear and obvious because its text was wrote by the fact.
37
2. Transferring
The translator analyzes the material transferred in the translator‟s mind from
source language into target language.
38
The translator is maintaining order and information which has translate classically, without cutting the meaning of
source language by the means of translator of the text. It is done by depends on translator‟s method of translation.
39
3. Restructuring
40
In this method, the translator changes the grammatical structure and semantic of SL into TL while check the translation whether appropriate to target design
and important analysis.
41
In this step, translator can adjust the text that felt “stiff”. Despitefully, the process may occur adaptation verbality, for example
36
Ibid. p. 26
37
Ibid.
38
Benny, H. Hoed, Penerjemahan dan kebudayaan, Jakarta: Pustaka Jaya, 2006, p. 11
39
Frans Sayogie, op. cit. p. 28
40
E.A. Nida and C.R Taber, The theory and Practice of Translation, Leriden: E.J. Brill, 1982 p. 33
41
Benny, H. Hoed, op.cit. p. 12
if it is wether using the general form of text or phrase or wether standard once.
42
D. Type of Translation
Kategori