can not stand alone but must be used with another morpheme eg as affixes prefix, suffix, and confix
In Category Shifts, there are four shifts. They are classified into structure shifts, class shifts, unit shifts, and intra-system shifts. Below is a brief description of
these shifts.
2.5.2.1 Structure-shifts
This shiftinvolvesmost of thegrammaticalstructure, orchangethe word orderofSLtoTL.
For example: SL :Your order has been sent via express courier service.
TL :Kami telah mengirim pesanan Anda dengan layanan pengiriman kilat.
In this example, there is a structural shift from passive sentences into active sentence. This shift occurs when SL equivalent of the item is a member of a different class to
the class item of linguistic source. This is a change from one part of the SL kind word into another word in TL.
2.5.2.2 Class-Shifts
This class shiftoccurswhenclassshift inthe source languagehas different class inthe targetlanguage.
For example: SL :Corridordevelopment
Adj N
TL : Membangunkoridor.
Verb N
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2.5.2.3 Unit-Shifts
This shift occurs when the translation of a unit at one level in SL is different level in the TL. This shift represents change from a linguistic unit, such as a word in
SL to the linguistic units that different hierarchical positions in the SL, for example, clauses. Linguistic unit may be a sentence, clause, word, or morpheme.
For example: SL :Luckydog
Adj N TL :Anjingyang sangat beruntung
N a clause The example above is change of the phrase “lucky dog” is translated into clause
“Anjing yang sangat beruntung”.
2.5.2.4 Intra System Shifts
Thisshiftis ashiftora changethat occursinthesame languagesystem. For example:
SL: This is the place for rabbits. N plural
TL: Ini tempat untuk kelinci. N singular
Inthiscase, actuallySLandTLhaveformalcorrespondence, buttranslator does not choose the equivalentformalcorrespondenceintheSL. For example, rabbits actually
could betranslated intokelinci-kelinci. Because the plural form of the noun can be made by repeating the noun in Bahasa Indonesia, however, the translator chose
kelinci instead of kelinci-kelinci.
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CHAPTER III
METHOD OF RESEARCH
3.1 Research Method
