CHAPTER II REVIEW OF LITERATURE
2.1 Definitions of Translation
There are many experts defining translation. The purpose of translation is to make us easier to understand the meaning of translation. Here are some definitions
that had been composed by some experts: Catford
1965: 20 states
that translation is the replacement
of textualmaterialinonelanguagebyequivalent textual material inanother language. The use of “textual material” is to underlying the fact that in normal condition, not
all of the SL text is translated into the TL equivalents. And he states that shifts is departure from formal correspondence in the process of going from the source
language SL to the target language TL. Nida dan Taber 1974 : 12 states that translating consists of reproducing in the
receptor language the closes natural equivalent of the source languagemassage, first in terms of meaning and secondly in terms of style.
Larson 1984: 10 in Meaning Based Translation states that translation consists of studying the lexicon, grammatical structure, communication situation and
cultural context of the source language, analyzing it in order to determine its meaning, then reconstructing the same meaning using the lexicon and grammatical
structure which appropriate in the receptor language and its cultural context”. Newmark 1988: 28 states that translation is rendering the meaning of a text
into another language in the way that the author intended the text”.
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Kridalaksana 1985 in Nababan, 1999:19, “penerjemahan sebagai pemindahan suatu amanat dari bahasa sumber ke dalam bahasa sasaran dengan
pertama-tama mengungkapkan maknanya dan kemudian gaya bahasanya”.Translation as the replacement of message from source language into
target language by firstly revealing the meaning and then the style Simatupang 2000: 2 in his book Pengantar Teori Terjemahan states
“Menerjemah adalah mengalihkan makna yang terdapat dalam bahasa sumber ke dalam bahasa sasaran dan mewujudkannya kembali di dalam bahasa sasaran
dengan bentuk-bentuk sewajar mungkin menurut aturan-aturan yang berlaku dalam bahasa sasaran”. Translation tries to transfer the meaning in SL to TL in the form
that best fit with the rules of TL. Venuti 2000:1 states that I see translation as the attempt to produce a text so
transparent that it does not seem to be translated. From theopinion ofthe expertsabove, it can be concludedthat
thetranslationgivemoreemphasisonthe meaningormessageconveyed. Arethe results ofthetranslation correspondinginSL, the most important thingisthe result ofthe
translationhas the intentandmeaning which is have samemessagein TL. Sothere isclarityand thesimilaritiesbetween themessagesin the SL andTL.
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2.2 Functions of Translation