1
CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background of the Study
The study of language in its social context covers the social relationships within a particular community, thus we can approach to the situation and use of language.
Marasigan 1983; 54-119 seeks answers of a variety of code switching and code mixing in metropolitan Manila. She investigates the complexity of Tagalog, Spanish
and English which are commonly used all over Metro Manila area. The situation of Spanish occupation, then English, and follows by Pilipino promotion influence its
language situation. In her study, she tries to identify the socio-cultural and individual factors; to establish when and to what extent they switch codes; and to interpret the
social meaning of this switching; then to discover sufficient bases for considering mix- mix as either a pidgin or a Creole or both. Mix – mix, the resulting language of code
switching is spoken in the capital city of Philippines on school campuses, in classy shopping areas, offices, homes, etc when people have informal meeting, party and
other social gatherings. She points that code switching and code mixing are serving particular communicative ends and there is a hope that the assimilation of English and
Pilipino will become more effective communication. Grosjean 1985 states a fully competent speaker develops a communicative
competence which may use one code or more or two together in the form of mixed speech. Grosjean adds that a speaker and a hearer need to communicate each other. For
successful communication, there are some components should be filled: setting and scene, participants, ends, purpose and goal, act sequences, key tone or spirit of act,
2 instruments, norms of interaction and interpretation, and genres form and variety of
language. Those components will influence the product of language. For instance when participants have different level of English, it might cause the mix and switch of
language in order to send messages continuously. In another example is when a speaker and a hearer have a purpose to make jokes by using codes during informal
conversation. People rarely use one language in a community. When people use one code, it
becomes interaction each other so when they speak to each other, then at least they speak more than one language. Whether they use one switch, add taken for other
languages. Terms added are called as code switching. Meanwhile, Lumintantang 2002 points out that code switching occurs in
Indonesia as multilingual society, therefore, Indonesian tend to switch at least from national language to local language. Moreover, Bahasa Indonesia as the national and
state language made the bilingual is existed. This sociolinguistic phenomena cause the use of code – switching because generally, Indonesian speak their local language and
Bahasa Indonesia and the assimilation from English, so that’s they are called multilingual.
1.2 Reasons for Choosing the Topic