c Language focus
Good materials should involve opportunities for analysis and synthesis. In language focus, learners study how to take the language into pieces, learn
how they work, then put them back together again. d
Task The main purpose of the language learning is the language use. Materials
should be designed to lead towards a communicative task in which learners use the content and language knowledge they built up through the
units.
6. Task-Based Language Teaching
According to Nunan 2004, tasks become important aspects in syllabus design, classroom teaching and learner assessment. It affects educational policy-
making in both ESL and EFL context. Task-based language teaching TBLT has strengthened the following principles and practices.
a. A needs-based approach is used to select the content.
b. The learners learn to communicate through interaction in the target language.
c. Authentic texts are introduced into the learning situation.
d. The learners focus not only on language but also on the learning process
itself. e.
Personal experiences become important contributing elements to the classroom learning.
f. The classroom language learning and language use outside the classroom are
linked
a. Definition of Tasks
Nunan 2004 defines tasks as „a piece of classroom work that involves learners in comprehending, manipulating, producing, or interacting in the target
language while their attention is focused on mobilizing their grammatical knowledge
in order to express meaning.‟ It should have a sense of completeness. It also should be able to stand alone as a communicative activity with a beginning,
middle and an end. He also divides tasks into real-world or target tasks and pedagogical tasks. Real-world tasks refer to uses of language in the world beyond
the classroom, while pedagogical tasks refer to those that occur in the classroom.
b. Task Components
Task components are very important in designing a task. It should be considered by English material developers in order to devise the tasks well.
Nunan 2004 states that a minimum specification of tasks will include: a
goals Goals are the general intentions behind any learning tasks. They make a
link between tasks and curriculum. It answers the question of why the learners learn English through the tasks. Goals may relate to some general outcomes
communicative, affective, or cognitive or describe teachers‟ or learners‟
