b Materials should help learners feel at ease.
c Materials should develop
learners‟ confidence. d
Materials should be relevant and useful. e
Materials should facilitate learners‟ self-investment. f
Materials should make the learners be ready to acquire the points being taught.
g Materials should expose the learners to language in authentic use.
h Materials should provide the learners with opportunities to use the
language. i
Materials should maximize learning potential by encouraging intellectual, aesthetic, and emotional involvement that stimulate both left and right
brain activities.
5. Materials Development
Tomlinson 1998 states that materials development can be anything done by material developers in order to provide sources of language input and exploit
those resources in ways which maximize the process of intake. The product can be in the form of text books, stories, advertisements, poems, etc.
a. The Principles in Developing Materials
Nunan 1988 offers principles of materials development as follows: a
Materials should be linked to the curriculum they serve. b
Materials should contain authentic texts and tasks.
c Materials should stimulate interaction.
d Materials should focus on formal aspects of the language.
e Materials should encourage learners to develop learning skills.
f Materials should encourage learners to apply their language skills to the
real life.
b. The Materials Development Model
Based on the principles of materials development, the model of materials development can be formulated. Hutchinson and Waters 1987 state that the
model of materials development consists of four elements: input, content focus, language focus, and task.
a Input
This can be a text, dialogue, or any piece of language use. It depends on the
learners‟ needs. The input provides stimulus materials for activities, new language items, correct model of language, topics for communication,
opportunities to use information processing skills, and opportunities to use the existing knowledge both the language and subject matter.
b Content focus
Language is a way of conveying information and feeling about something. We should exploit non-linguistic content to result the meaningful
communication.
