b. Affective Data
The affective data were collected from the respondents using questionnaires. There were twenty respondents that were involved in this study. In
the term of readability, the respondents were chosen randomly with some criteria, among others are they have ever boarded a plane and minimum age is seventeen
years old. The researcher chose the respondent that ever boarded a plane because it showed
the respondents‟ understanding about aircraft safety manual. The questionnaire does not provide the SL of safety manuals. In this questionnaire, it
consists of the TL only and the respondents were asked to answer the questions by giving a sign
√ in the appropriate sentences.
2. Data Collection
First of all, the researcher chose the aircraft safety manuals. The data were obtained from three different types of aircraft. They are ATR72-500600, Boeing
737-500, and Airbus A320-200. The data then were coded and classified in the falling.
Table 2. Example of the data coding Code
Source Text Code
Target Text
1STB Door Operation
1TTB Cara Membuka Pintu
How to Read the Data Coding
1 : The number of data
ST : Source Text
B : Boeing 737-500
1 : The number of data
TT : Target Text
B : Boeing 737-500
Here, the phrases and sentences would be analyzed based on respondents‟ responses. In order to know the understanding from the passenger about the
explanation of aircraft safety manuals, the researcher collected data gathered from Indonesia translation.
Table 3. The Indonesian Translation of Aircraft Safety Instructions No
Text A No
Text B No
Text C
1B Cara
Membuka Pintu
1A Cara membuka Pintu dan Jendela
1Ab Pengoperasian Pintu
How to Read the Data Coding
1 : The number of data
B : Boeing 737-500
1 : The Number of data
A : ATR 72-500600
1 : The number of data
Ab : Airbus A320-200
In the terms of readability, it can be seen whether from Indonesian translation of aircraft safety manuals can be easy to read by the consumers or not.
Twenty respondents were chosen to answer the question by choosing the best Indonesian translation of aircraft safety manuals.
3. Population and Sample
The data population of this study is thirty sentences or phrases in aircraft safety manuals of English and Bahasa Indonesia that have been collected. This
research does not take any sample. The researcher analyzes all population.
4. Data Analysis
In this study, the researcher would analyze the phrases and sentences based on the respondents. By using questionnaire, the researcher was able to know
whether from Indonesian translation of aircraft safety manuals could be easy to read and understand by the consumer or not. The analysis was divided into three
steps. The first step categorized the target language between formal and dynamic
equivalence by using Nida‟s theory.
Table 4. The Type of Equivalence in Indonesian Translation of Aircraft Safety Instructions
Code Source Text
Code Target Text
Nida’s Equivalence
5STA Emergency Exit 5TTA Pintu dan Jendela
Darurat Dynamic
2STB Explanation of
Symbol 2TTB
PenjelasanTanda Formal
Based on Nida‟s theory, the first sentence Emergency Exit to Pintu dan Jendela Darurat was included dynamic equivalence. The sentence could be
dynamic equivalence because the word Exit was translated to Pintu and Jendela. The translator did not translate in word for word. The translator tries to change the
idea of word exit in SL, but it still maintains the origin meaning. Meanwhile, the second sentence Explanation of Symbol to Penjelasan Tanda was included formal
equivalence. It could be formal equivalence because the form of the translation from SL to TL does not change.
The second step looked at the readability based on the respondents respond in the questionnaire.
Table 5. Example of Questionnaire
The table above had a function to find out the readability from the reader. The respondents chose the text A, B, or C based on their perception. It aimed to
find out which text was more readable. As the result, the researcher accumulated the numbers of readability of each aircraft safety manual.
The third step was what methods that were applied in order to find the equivalence in the aircraft safety manuals. The example can be seen on the next
page. No
Text A
No Text B
No Text C
A B
C 5B
Setelah mempelajari
kartu petunjuk keselamatan
harap dikembalikan ke
kantong kursi untuk
penumpang selanjutnya
5A Mohon kartu ini jangan
dibawa pulang
5Ab Jangan pindahkan
dari pesawat
Comment: PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
Table 6. The Method in Translating Aircraft Safety Instruction Code
Source Text Code
Target Text Method
1STA Take Off and
Landing 1TTA
Waktu Tinggal Landas dan Mendarat
Addition Semantic
The strategy which was applied in this translation was addition semantic. The word Waktu was added in the TL. Based on the example, there was an
additional word in the TL in order to emphasize the meaning and make the reader more understand.
In order to support the analysis result, the researcher related the theories to the data. The research aimed to find out the patterns that were easily understood
by the readers. Moreover it looked the way how the sentences in aircraft safety manuals were translated. By giving the questionnaire, it helped the research to
find the rank of the readability towards aircraft safety manuals. PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
25
CHAPTER IV ANALYSIS RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS
This chapter discusses equivalence, readability, and methods that are applied in aircraft safety manuals. There are three points that will be analyzed.
The first point is to analyze the Indonesian equivalence of aircraft safety manuals. It answers the first problem formulation of the study. The second point is to
analyze the readability of aircraft safety manuals. It answers the second problem formulation. The last point is to determine the methods that are applied in the
translations of aircraft safety manuals. It answers the last problem formulation.
A. The Equivalence of Aircraft Safety Manuals
The research aimed to see the Indonesian equivalence found in certain aircraft safety manuals. There are thirty English
– Indonesian translations from Airbus A320-200, Boeing 737-500, and ATR 72-500600. Each aircraft has ten
English – Indonesian translations. The results of analysis show what types of
equivalence that are most used in the aircraft safety manuals. The type of equivalence which is found in the Indonesian translation at
aircraft safety manuals is analyzed based on Nida‟s theory. There are two types of equivalence. They are formal and dynamic equivalences. The types of equivalence
are applied toward the example of data. There are four points discussed in this chapter. The first point is the result
of formal and dynamic equivalence in Airbus A320-200, Boeing 737-500, and ATR 72500-600. The second point is the discussion of formal and dynamic
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