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B. Research Design
This research is particularly on developing Android applications for nursing students in order to help them to learn speaking English using the Hybrid model of
instructional design. There are five steps in the Hybrid model, those stages are: 1 Analysis; 2 Design; 3 Development; 4 Evaluation; 5 Delivery. The
researcher also conducted the research based on the R D cycle developed by Borg and Gall 1989. However, the terms and steps used in this study were based on the
hybrid model of instruction. The first step was analysis which was conducted by studying theories related
to MALL Mobile Assisted Language Learning, teaching speaking, speaking skill, ESP English for Specific Purposes specially about nursing in this case English for
Occupational Purposes EOP, Instructional Design ID for designing the Android application. Besides studying some literatures, the researcher also studied the
syllabus as well as books used for nursing students. In this stage, the researcher conducted need analysis of the intended population as well. It is important to
identify the learners’ cognitive, social, physical and personal characteristics. Besides to analyse the intended population, the need analysis result was used to
discover the features needed to learn speaking English. In addition, the researcher also interviewed the English lecturer to gain more information related to the
teaching-learning activities, the use of materials and teaching techniques, the students’ proficiency level, the use of technology in the classroom, the problems
that both the teacher and students usually face during the teaching-learning process PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
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were questionnaire, interview and classroom observation. In the design stage, the strategy for developing instructional content is
outlined. In this phase the learning model for instruction and the implementation of strategies were identified then transferred into asynchronous learning environment.
In order to describe the flowchart of all elements involved in instructional content of the course, then a storyboard technique was used. The researcher also chose some
topics and materials based on the intended syllabus. Some audio materials were chosen from internet sources, while some other audio materials which were not
provided online were recorded by the researcher. In third stage, the development of application, the lesson plans and lesson
materials were generated based on the storyboard. The media used for instruction were developed in the software application that was already chosen for the
production. The software chosen to develop the Android application was ai2.app.mit.edu which is an open source to build an application. The development
was conducted online; it was built in forms of. apk file to be downloaded in PC then transferred to mobile phones to find out whether the application work properly or
not. Otherwise, it could be checked directly using Wi-Fi connection by scanning the QR code using MIT 2 Companion application installed in the mobile phones.
After it was developed, then the result would be the prototype of the Android application.
The fourth is evaluation. There were two kinds of evaluation conducted on this phase: formative and summative evaluation. The formative evaluation was
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of course development. The purpose of this evaluation is to improve instruction before it is implemented at the final stage. The prototype of the Android application
was evaluated by the IT experts to gather feedback related to technical matters. Besides the IT experts, the experts of learning content were asked to evaluate the
application as well. The experts to evaluate the learning content were the English lecturers and a nursing lecturer who teaches ESP. After it was evaluated, then the
researcher revised the prototype application to be evaluated by users in preliminary study. There were five students which were randomly selected to try the Android
application. The instruments used in this stage were questionnaire and interview. The last phase is delivery. The delivery phase refers to the actual delivery of
the instruction using the application of version 1. However, because of some constraints, then the delivery was only conducted once 1 meeting session. In
terms of the Android application delivery, the assessment of the effectiveness and efficiency of the application was implied. Therefore, the result of the feedback from
the delivery stage was intended to answer the second research question, how the Android application was efficient and acceptable for the users. The instrument used
in this phase was questionnaire for all of the students. Based on the combination of R D steps and the Hybrid model, then the
research design is illustrated in the following figure. It is expected that using this kind of design the efficiency and acceptability of the application would be achieved.
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C. Research Setting and Participants
The purpose of this study is to design and develop Android application to help the nursing students to learn speaking English. In order to design, develop then
produce an efficient and acceptable Android application, the researcher gained data
MALL
Android
Teaching speaking
Speaking skill
Nursing program
Theory of ID
EOP
Design of the iconic model of Android applications
Prototype application
Expert validation
First revision
Preliminary testing version 1
User validation Gather
feedback and opinion
Second revision
The Android
application
Delivery
1st question
answered
Figure 3.2. The research design 2nd
question answered
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participants are elaborated below.
1. Research Setting
The target users are the nursing students who learn English for Specific Purposes ESP with its branch is English for Occupational Purposes EOP. One
of higher education institutions that English teaching-learning process using EOP is STIKES Wira Husada. Therefore, the research was conducted in STIKES Wira
Husada Yogyakarta which is located in Babarsari, Depok, Sleman, Yogyakarta.
2. Research Participants
The participants in this study were the students of nursing department and the experts of IT and English lecturers. The students are from nursing department who
learn English for Occupational Purposes EOP. They learn English for 110 minutes for each meeting in which the English credit is 2. The participants were the fourth
semester students or in the second year of studying. In order to gain need analysis, the interview was conducted for the English
lecturers and the students, a classroom observation also was conducted and the questionnaires were distributed to the students and lecturers. In preliminary field
testing the researcher asked some experts to validate the preliminary form of the Android application. The experts were the English lecturer of English Education
Program of Sanata Dharma University and Nursing Lecturer of Poltekes Kemenkes Yogyakarta who also teaches English for the nursing students to validate the content
of the application and the second is IT experts of Android developer from University of Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta to validate the developed Android
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