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application includes, such as the topics, sub-topics, sound, language expressions, examples given, and feedback. The users state that in terms of the units or topics
chosen for them to practice speaking is acceptable 4.5. They also confirm that the choice of topics provided in the application in line with the material they learn in
class, since the topics are based on the syllabus they use. Therefore, the selection of topics is acceptable 4.4. In addition, the selection of sub-topics in the
application such as pronunciation, listen and repeat, language focus, conversation and quiz are considered acceptable 4.4 in a way that those sub-topics are
appropriate to support them to learn speaking. Furthermore, the result of the questionnaire shows the acceptability of each
sub-topic. The sub-topic pronunciation is acceptable for them to practice saying the words or phrases 4.2. Moreover, the sound quality of the recorded audio in
this sub-topic is acceptable as well 4.1. The language focus sub-topic is also considered as acceptable because it provides the language expressions used in the
related topic 4.0 and it provides complete examples of the expressions 3.8. Related to sub-topic conversation, the users also state that this sub-topic is
acceptable for them in terms of giving them clear example of how to use the correct language expressions 4.0 and providing them with clear examples of intonation,
pronunciation and appropriate language expressions when communicating with patients 4.1.
In addition, the acceptability of quizzes provided in the application is validated as well. The result shows that sub-topic quiz is acceptable for them
because it helps them to review the material they have learned previously 4.4. The PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
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quiz is also acceptable for them in which it helps them to practice the other skills besides speaking such as listening, reading and writing 4.4.. The sub-topic quiz
provides five quizzes for the users in accordance with the provided topics. Quiz 1 and quiz 4 which have the same type of how to answer the questions and the
provided feedback are considered as acceptable 4.2 and 4.1 respectively. While quiz 3 about reinforcing a diet program is acceptable 4.1 because it provides
listening practice as well when the users are answering the questions. In general, the quiz is acceptable 4.2 since it aims to give feedback to develop the users’
English ability. Furthermore, the application also comprises the acceptability on how it helps
the users to improve their ability to speak fluently and accurately which gain the mean score of 4.4 respectively. It relates to the acceptability in terms of its easiness
to learn speaking using mobile phone 4.4. Besides, the users state that application is acceptable to promote mobile learning in which it fulfils the principles of
practicality and it promotes learning independently and collaboratively as well 4.4. The result shows that in general, the overall functionality is acceptable for the
users 4.22. It means that the application has promotes effective instructional design and it is able to achieve the intended learning objectives which is to help the
users learn to speak English. In conclusion, based on the navigation pane, screen design, information
presentation, media integration and overall functionality SPINE application is effective and efficient for the users. therefore, it is acceptable 4.1 for the users to
help them to learn speaking English. PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
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CHAPTER V CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS
This chapter concludes the result of the study and gives further suggestions for other researchers. The first part elaborates the conclusions which are drawn from
the previous chapter. In addition, the second part gives suggestions to enhance the study for further researches, for the English teachers
A. Conclusions
The SPINE application is based on Android Operating System which was developed using ai2.appinventor.mit.edu. The application was intended for the
nursing students to help them to learn speaking English. In order to gather data for the quantitative research in the implementation stage, the evaluation elements for
evaluating hypermedia by Reeves 1993 in Passerini and Granger, 2000 was used. It consists of evaluating the navigation pane, screen design, information
presentation, media integration and overall functionality. The first research question is what the Android application to help the nursing
students to learn speaking English looks like. In order to answer the questions, the researcher designed an Android application that correlates with the theories
mentioned previously in chapter II and the result of need analysis. The development of the Android application was based on the theory of instructional design by
Passerini and Granger 2000 namely Hybrid model. There are five stages in this model: Analysis, Design, Development, Evaluation and Delivery.
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The SPINE application consists of five topics which are selected based on the topics provided in the syllabus, namely admission to a hospital, checking vital signs,
reinforcing a diet program, patient’s positioning, and explaining medication. In each topic, there are five sub-topics, namely pronunciation, listen and repeat,
language focus, conversation and quiz. There are five different quizzes in which each quiz represents each topic that functions as the feedback as well for the
students. The second research question is related to the acceptability of SPINE
application for the users. Based on the result of the questionnaire in the implementation stage, the application is considered as acceptable for the users.
First, the navigation pane is considered acceptable 4.12 which means that it provides user-friendly orientation clues and able to ease the users to move in an
intentional manner. Second, the screen design which concerns with the dimensions of interactive program. It includes the screen display, the text size on SPINE
application, the icons used, the clarity of colours and images; in which the result shows that SPINE application is acceptable for the users 3.94. The third is
information presentation. It states about the instruction clarity on how to use the features in the application, the instruction on sub-unit listen and repeat and on how
to do the exercise in each unit. The total score represents the information presentation is categorised as acceptable 4.00. It means that SPINE application is
able to provide comprehensive information for the users. Fourth, media integration which also relates to the features used in the
application. The media features are audio player for listening and audio recording PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
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to record their pronunciation. They are applied in listen and repeat sub-unit to help them check their listening and pronunciation. The result shows that those media
features are acceptable for the users to help them learning speaking English 4.2. Next, the feature used is speak to text which is applied in Quiz 2 about checking
vital sign is acceptable for the users 4.1. Last, the video features which are attached in Quiz 5. The video features used are both video player and video
recording as explained previously in section B of this chapter. The users considered that those features are acceptable for them to learn speaking 4.0. Overall, the
media integration is categorised as acceptable 4.1 which means that the media used in SPINE application are able to work in cohesive program.
Fifth, the overall functionality that is related to the utility of the program such as the units, sub-units, sound, language expressions, examples given, and feedback.
It also comprises how the application helps the users to improve their ability to speak fluently and accurately. It relates to the use of the application to promote
mobile learning in which it should fulfil the principles of practicality and promoting learning independently and collaboratively as well. The result shows the overall
functionality is acceptable for the user 4.22. Based on the navigation pane, the screen design, the information presentation,
the media integration and the overall functionality, SPINE application is scored 4.1 from the score range of 5. It means that the application is acceptable for the users
to help them to learn speaking English. It also proves that SPINE application is efficient as a mobile learning for the nursing students, especially to help them to
learn speaking English. PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
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Therefore, it can be concluded that an application could be categorised as good or acceptable for the users when it fulfils the criteria of a mobile learning.
First, the navigation pane that should have a user-friendly orientation clues and it eases the users to mover through contents in an intentional manner. Second, the
screen design should be interesting and have appropriate dimensions related to the text, icons, graphics, colour and other visual aspects. Third, the information
presentation including the learning content should be comprehensive for the users. Fourth, the media used in the application such as text, graphics, audio and video
should be able to work together in a cohesive program. The last, the overall functionality of the application should meet the intended learning objectives.
B. Suggestions
In this part, the researcher would to give some suggestions for further researches related to MALL. First, the researcher would like to give suggestions for
English teachers especially those who teach English for Specific purposes and English teachers in general. It is important to remember that even though
technology has widely used in class, but the role of teacher as the facilitator is still needed. In terms of MALL, the teacher has a role to give more elaboration in the
learning content as well as activities that need to be managed collaboratively. The teacher also has a role to explain, to give further elicitation when the knowledge is
beyond the students’ comprehension. Moreover, the use of mobile learning will promote better learning of English for Occupational purposes.
Second, the researcher would like to give suggestion for the English learners either for the nursing students or those who study English in general. Mobile
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devices are only the tool to help learning, but the key to be able to improve the English skills, especially speaking, is to keep practicing and use English in the daily
basis. In addition, the use of mobile phones will help them to be more motivated and independent in learning English.
Third, the researcher would like to give suggestions for other researchers who would like to conduct further researches. It is a good idea to conduct a research
which examine how we ll the MALL improve the students’ speaking skill
empirically by conducting experiment research. In addition, it is also suggested to get support from IT developer for technical feedback as well as to maintain
minimum technical problems it may require. Or else, the researcher may collaborate with the IT developer in which the teacher will provide the learning content or
materials and the developer will develop the device. SPINE application is intended for nursing students to help them to learn
speaking English. However, it is expected that the development of the application will not stop after the research finish, since both the content and the features need
to be improved by time to time to satisfy the needs of learning as well. It is also expected that the application will be able to be widely used, not merely for the
nursing students, but also for the nurses who have worked in health facilities and need English to speak with the patients as well as for their further development. As
it is suggested by the n ame “SPINE” which is intended for Speak English for
Professional Nurses. PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
