Nursing program Review of Related Literature
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media and materials, Utilize Media and materials, Require Learner Performance and Evaluate and Revise.
The first step is analysing learners which means that it is important to define
the audience based on their general characteristics grade level, age and specific entry competencies prior knowledge, skills, and attitudes about the topic, and
learning styles to choose the best strategies in order to achieve the goal. The second step is defining the specific objectives of the lessons. The objectives are based on
the outcome that the learners need to gain. The objective of the lesson at least
consists of four aspects: a simple statement that describes the intended Audience; a statement of the expected Behaviour of the learners; a statement of the Conditions
in which performance need to be observed such as resources, tools and equipment
that might be use during the lesson; and a statement of Degree of accuracy or
proficiency the learner must show in order to move to the next level. Therefore, the objectives comprise A to D aspects: Audience, Behaviour, Condition and Degree
of accuracy. After choosing the intended audience and state the objectives of the lesson,
the next step is choosing the materials. These materials can be obtained from the available materials, modify the material or design new materials; different types of
media might be used as well. The fourth step after deciding the materials is preview the materials and practice the lesson. It is important to prepare the room, equipment
and facilities before using the lesson. Fifth, the learners’ performances need to be described as well as how they will use the selected materials. Activities should be
included in the lessons that allow learners to respond and receive feedback before PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
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any type of evaluation is administered. The evaluation comes at the end of the process in which the purpose is to evaluate the entire instructional process. The
evaluation includes whether or not the learners meet the objectives; media or materials help the learners to achieve the objectives; and whether or not the learners
use the materials properly. If there are differences between what is intended and what actually happened during the lesson, then revisions need to be made before
implementing the lesson again. The ASSURE model is in the form of cycle in which each step comes one after another. The ASSURE model can be seen in figure 2.6.
Figure 2.6. ASSURE Model Robert Heinich et.al., 1990 in Whiteman et.al. 2013
Based on the ASSURE Model, the evaluation of the process come at the end of the entire instructional process. It is different from ADDIE model in which the
evaluation is in every stage so that there will be improvement before move on to the next stage.
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