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Third, theories of Mobile Assisted Language Learning MALL is elaborated since the Android application as the Operating System of developing the application is
being used in learning the language. Besides that, the AppInventor as the application used in building the application and the Android features are elaborated
as well. Fourth, theories related to English for Specific Purposes ESP is described based on the definition and classification of ESP. Fifth, the nursing program as the
context of the research is described and the last related to Instructional Design is which the models of instructional design such as ADDIE, ASSURE, Dick and
Carey model, Kemp’s model, McManus’ model and The Hybrid design model are explained.
1. Speaking
Speaking is one of the productive skills besides listening which also interrelated to other skills such as reading and writing as well. In this part, there are
two things discussed here namely the speaking skill and developing speaking fluency and accuracy.
a. Speaking skill
Speaking, as the oral production skill, requires that it enables students to improve their communicative competence because it is crucial for them to learn
how to follow the social and cultural rules and express themselves appropriately in communicative circumstance. Speaking is the process of building and sharing
meaning through the use of verbal and non-verbal symbols, in a variety of contexts Chaney, 1998, p. 13 in Kayi, 2006. Speaking is one of the productive skills in
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which it closely intertwined with listening. Shumin Richards, 2002 states that speaking requires not merely to produce the grammatical competence but also the
semantic rules. In other words, the learners must be able to produce the language fluently,
appropriately, and
more importantly,
effectively. Therefore,
communicative competence is important in producing the language proficiently so that the learners need to know not merely the linguistics knowledge but also
cultura lly acceptable ways of interacting with others. Hymes’s theory 1971 which
then completed by Canale and Swain 1980 in Richards, 2002 propose the communicative competence which include grammatical competence, discourse
competence, sociolinguistic competence and strategic competences which depicts the use of linguistics system and functional aspects of communication Richards,
2002. The communicative competence was first introduced by Hymes in Yano,
2003, which describe that communicative competence consists of four types, such as what is formally possible, feasible, has social meaning or value of a given
utterance and its occurrence. While Canale and Swain 1980 describe their view of communicate competence in the context of second language learning as
A synthesis of knowledge of basic grammatical principles, knowledge of how language is used in social settings to perform communicative functions, and
knowledge of how utterances and communicative functions can be combined according to the principles of discourse Yano, 2003: 76.
They considere that using the language is not merely knowing the linguistics features but also know how to use it in real communication by considering the social
context as well. PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
