CONCLUSION Behavior of Reading Nutrition Fact Label on Undergraduate Students of Bogor Agricultural University, Indonesia

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MIICEMA 2014 10-11 November 2014 Hotel Bangi-Putrajaya, Malaysia 215 Appendix A: Open-ended questions structured interview  What is your job title?  How long you been in the organization doing SCM activities?  What is your organization primary industry and how does it relate to SC M activities?  What does the term supply chain management mean to you?  What is the leadership style that being practice in your organizations that involve moving the goods across the supply chain?  What is being measured as organization performance that deals with the movement of goods across the supply chain?  What is regulatory pressure on movement of goods that organizations face across the supply chain?  In relation to movement of goods, are the relationships between leadership affecting the organization performance?  In relation to movement of goods, are the relationships between regulatory pressures affecting the organization performance?  Through the presence of regulator pressure on the movement of goods. Does it have an impact on the relationship of Leadership and the organizational performance? 216 Appendix B: Structure interview result 217 218 MIICEMA 2014 10-11 November 2014 Hotel Bangi-Putrajaya, Malaysia 219 Legal P rotection on Consumers’ Right to Information under the Consumer Protection Legislations of Malaysia and Indonesia 1 Rahmah Ismail Faculty of Law Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia 43600 UKM Bangi SELANGOR Email : irahmahukm.edu.my Sakina Shaik Ahmad Yusoff Faculty of Law Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia 43600 UKM Bangi SELANGOR Email : kinasayukm.edu.my Suzanna Mohamed Isa Faculty of Law Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia 43600 UKM Bangi SELANGOR Email : zieukm.edu.my Azimon Abdul Aziz Faculty of Law Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia 43600 UKM Bangi SELANGOR Email : azimonukm.ude.my Kartini Aboo Talib Khalid Institute of Ethnic Studies Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia 43600 UKM Bangi SELANGOR Email : kartini_khalidyahoo.com Abstract 1 This paper is part of the ERGS Research, ERGS12013SSI10UKM024. MIICEMA 2014 10-11 November 2014 Hotel Bangi-Putrajaya, Malaysia 220 In the present digital age, the roles of consumers are very significant to the economic development of a country and relevant legislations are needed to safeguard the interest of the consumers. It is universally accepted that the consumers have a right to be provided with all relevant information in order to make an informed choice. Consumer protection and right to information are integral part of the life of an individual. Delivering truthful and honest information to consumers is very vital. Lack of information or misleading information will make the ranking of preferences erroneous. This will distort the utility function of the individual. Serious deficiency in information will not only lead to irrational choice but also affect the transactional competence. Adequate product information will make unsafe product safe to be used. Adequate service information will make services beneficial to the consumers. On the other hand, inadequate product information will make product unsafe although it can be made safe if there is adequate information. Inadequate service information will make consumers feel unsatisfactory about the service. The appropriate goal ought to be ‘adequate’ rather than ‘perfect’ information. The consumer right to information has be en recognised as one of the consumers’ right by the Consumers International. This is a universal right and must be respected by traders. The objective of this paper is to analyse the legal protection on consumers’ right to information under the Consumer Protection Act 1999 of Malaysia and Law on Consumer Protection 1999 of Indonesia, particularly section 10 and article 9 respectively. Keywords : consumers’ right to in formation, legal protection, goods, services, Malaysia, Indonesia INTRODUCTION The consu mers’ right to information means that the consumers have the right to be informed of the relevant and adequate information about products and services in order to make an informed choice Panduan Pengguna : 1999. If consumers are not supplied relevant and adequate information about products or services, this may lead to information failure and according to Iain 2007 : 269, information failure is one of the contributing factors to unfairness in consumer transaction. The consumers’ right to information is one of the basic rights of the consumers which has been universally recognized. Historically, the consumer right to information has been declared as one of the consumers’ rights when the late President John F. Kennedy delivered a message to the American Congress on 15 March 1962 Mohd Hamdan : 1990. The late President John F. Kennedy in his speech had declared four consumers rights which are right to safety, right to information, right to choose and right to be heard. These four rights were later extended to eight rights by the Consumers International. In this digital age, products and services information can be obtained through various sources such as Internet, magazines, newspaper, catalogue, labels, advertisements and others. Although this phenomenon is good to consumers, there must be some protection to the consumers’ right to information. There are various types of protection that can be imposed, either through soft laws, such as guidelines, policies, or hard laws, such as through legislations. The fo cus of this paper is protection on the consumers’ right to information through hard law, which is legislations. Legal protection is needed in order to ensure that consumers are provided with relevant and adequate information to enable them to make informed choice about products or services. In relation to products, adequate information will make unsafe product safe to be used. On the other hand, MIICEMA 2014 10-11 November 2014 Hotel Bangi-Putrajaya, Malaysia 221 inadequate information will make some products unsafe although they can be made safe if there is adequate information. In relation to services, adequate information will help the consumers to choose the right services according to their needs. In order to ensure consumer safety, it is submitted that manufactures or service provider must provide relevant information accurately, honestly and adequately. In Malaysia, the Consumer Protection Act 1999 CPA 1999 was enacted to protect the Malaysian consumers’ interest the CPA 1999 covers a wide areas of consumer protection and one of them is false, misleading and deceptive conduct, representation and unfair practices which is applicable to the consumers’ right to information. On the other hand, Indonesia was enacted the Law on Consumer Protection 1999 LCP 1999 to protect the interests of the Indonesian consumers. The LCP also covers wide areas of consumer protection and one of them dishonest information. LEGAL PROTECTION ON CONSUMERS’ RIGHT TO INFORMATION UNDER THE CONSUMER PROTECTION ACT 1999 OF MALAYSIA Although Malaysia does not give statutory recognizant to consum ers’ right to information, the government has taken the initiative to protect the consumers’ right to information through various legislations and one of them is the Consumer Protection Act 1999 CPA 1999. The CPA 1999 contains provisions which can prote ct consumers’ right to information. These provisions contain in Part II of the Act. The aim of Part II is to protect consumers from information or representations which are false, misleading or deceptive. There are 11 sections in Part II. As mentioned earlier, the writer will only be focusing on section 10 for the purpose of this paper. Section 10 covers goods, services and goods and services. Protection on consumers’ right to information in relation to goods Section 101a of the CPA 1999 states that no person shall make a false or misleading representation that the goods of a particular kind, standard, quality, grade, quantity, composition, style or model. Section 8 of the CPA 1999 defines ‘false’ or misleading in relation to representation includes representation which is capable of leading a consumer into an error. The aim of section 101a is to prevent consumers from being misled regarding the kind, standard, quality, grade, quantity, composition, style or model of any goods. The representation about the particular kind, standard, quality or grade of goods may include the suitability of the goods for the uses to which they might reasonably be put or the purity, strength, cleanliness, fitness of the goods. Examples of this representation are an “ex-rental car” car was described as “ex-GMH executive car”, a cordial was described as contained fruit extracts when it did not, a car was described as been travelled 25,000 miles when in fact it has travelled 100,000 miles, and many other examples. Section 101b on the other hand, protects the consumers in relation to the particular history or particular previous use of the goods. For some second hands goods, the consumers need to know the previous history of the goods, such as motor vehicle. MIICEMA 2014 10-11 November 2014 Hotel Bangi-Putrajaya, Malaysia 222 The previous history would determine whether the motor vehicle is in good condition or not. The previous history of the motor vehicles would include the previous ownership whether the previous owner is a male or female, the accident history, the mileage, and the replacement of the motor vehicle components. Representation that goods is new which in fact is not new, is prohibited by section 101f. For example, describing a car as ‘new’ in an invoice for a secondhand car. The primary meaning of ‘new’ is ‘not old’ Anderson v Scrutton : 1934. In relation to consumer goods, the word new would mean the goods have not been used or purchased by any person. the goods may loss its new characteristics when it becomes old and no longer new, and if the mere lapse of time results in deterioration in quality, or depreciation in value, the goods is no longer new according to the ordinary use of the English language Stephen Philip 2008 : 343. Section 101 also protects the consumers against false and misleading information regarding the manufacturing, producing, processing or reconditioning details of the goods. This is provided in section 101g. For some consumers, the information on how the goods are produced or processed is vital to them, especially for those who have certain type of illness. This information is very useful to them in order for them to look after their health. The consumers are also protected from false and misleading information in relation to the place of origin of the goods under section 101l. A representation or information concerning the place of origin of the goods could cover, for example a representation that goods were manufactured in a particular place, a representation that the contents of the goods came from a particular place, or a representation that the goods were ‘made in’, ‘the product of’ or ‘grown in’ a particular place Thomson Reuters 2011 : 1001. Some consumers associate quality with the place of origin of the goods. Protection on consumers’ right to information in relation to services Section 101 does not only give protection to the consumers from false and misleading information in relation to goods, it also protects consumers from false and misleading information in relation to services. Section 101c prohibits any person from making false and misleading representation that the services are of a particular kind, standard, quality or quantity. The representations or information that can come under this category are representations about the nature of the services, which could include Thomson Reuters 2011 : 1002: : i. the way in which the services are, have been or might be undertaken, including specific methods or processes; or ii. the persons who will or might undertaken the services and whether those persons have undertaken the services previously; or iii. the correspondence of the actual services or the way in which those services are undertaken with a description of those services. It is common in trade to claim that a service will be supplied or conducted by skill workers. For example, a maid supplier agency claims that all their maids have been trained to do housework for 3 months before they are released to respective employers. If this representation is not reflected in the way the maid is doing her work, it may MIICEMA 2014 10-11 November 2014 Hotel Bangi-Putrajaya, Malaysia 223 contravene section 101d. Therefore, whatever is claimed must be reflected in the performance of the service. Sometimes in trade, there are claims made by traders or suppliers of services that their qualifications are recognized by certain bodies or agencies. For example in a business card of an accountant says that his qualification is recognized by Chartered Accountants Institute which in fact it is a fake. This type of representation contravenes section 101i. The aim of this provision is to protect the consumers from any false or misleading statement concerning approval, endorsement, sponsorship and affiliation in relation to the traders. The representation that the person making the statement or representation has sponsorship, approval, endorsement or affiliation could cover, the followings Stephen 2013 : 274: i. representations that the person is, in some way, sponsored by, approved of or affiliated with another person or entity. This could include persons or entities not engaged in trade or commerce, such as charities, religious institutions, educational institutions, professional and trade bodies and governments; ii. representations that the person or other entity has sponsored, approved of or extend an affiliation to the person, including representations that suc an approval is a formal or informal endorsement, certification, qualification or other indication of approval made by a person or entity. This could include persons or entities not engaged in trade or commerce. Protection on consumers’ right to information in relation to goods and services Section 101e protects the consumers from false or misleading claim about an endorsement of some kind. This may take the form of misleading or deceptive information that another person has agreed to acquire the goods or services. For example, inducing a sportsperson to buy a new type of sporting goods by asserting that competitors had purchased the items when he or she had not Thomson Reuters 2011 : 1000. If sponsorship, approval or endorsement is claimed in relation to the goods or services but does not exist, it contravenes paragraph h to section 101. For example, an electric kettle is claimed to have a SIRIM approval which in fact there is no such approval. The same thing may happen to services when a service is claimed to have compliance with ISO standard which in fact there is no such compliance. False and misleading representations in respect to the need of any goods or services are prohibited by section 101j. A representation concerning the need for any goods or services could cover, for example, the followings Stephen 2013 : 285: i. a representation that the goods or services are necessary in particular circumstances or at all; or ii. a representation that the goods or services are required in the light of a specific event or as a consequence of specific circumstances; or iii. a representation that a failure to provide the goods or services will result in specific things occurring or not occurring. False and misleading representations concerning the existence, exclusion or effect of any condition, guarantee, right of remedy are prohibited by section 101k. For example, a manufacturer guarantees that if goods are defective within six month from the date of purchase, a refund will be made to the buyers. It is important for the manufactures MIICEMA 2014 10-11 November 2014 Hotel Bangi-Putrajaya, Malaysia 224 to honour this guarantee if the manufacturer does not want himself to be exposed to prosecution under section 101k. The CPA 1999 has provided criminal liability for those who contravene section 101 of the CPA 1999. The sanctions for contravening section 101 are provided in section 25 of Part IV of the CPA 1999. The sanctions are: i. if such person is a body corporate, to a fine not exceeding two hundred and fifty thousand ringgit and for a second or subsequent offence, to a fine not exceeding five hundred thousand ringgit; ii. if such person is not a body corporate, to a fine not exceeding one hundred thousand ringgit or to imprisonment for a term not exceeding three years or to both, and for a second or subsequent offence, to a fine not exceeding two hundred and fifty thousand ringgit or to imprisonment for a term not exceeding six years or to both. LEGAL PROTECTION ON CONSUMERS’ RIGHT TO INFORMATION UNDER THE LAW OF CONSUMER PROTECTION 1999 OF INDONESIA The Law on Consumer Protection 1999 LCP 1999 has codified the right to information in article 4 where it says that consumers have the right to obtain true, clear and honest information about the condition and guarantee of goods or services. This right is further regulated in articles 9 – 17 of the LCP 1999. However, for the purpose of this paper, the writer will be discussing article 9 only. Article 9 concerns about the making of representation in dishonest manner, where it states that business entity shall be prohibited from offering, promoting, advertising goods andor services in a dishonest manner. However the LCP 1999 does not define the meaning of ‘dishonest manner’. It is submitted that ‘dishonest’ means something done with bad intention to deceive a consumer. The categories of dishonest information regulated by articles 9 are quite similar to section 10 of the CPA 1999 of Malaysia. Therefore it is submitted that the explanation given for section 10 of the CPA 1999, where appropriate, is also applicable to articles 9 of the LCP 1999. Protection on consumers’ right to information in relation to goods Article 91a of the LCP 1999 protects the consumers from dishonest information concerning price discount, quality, standard, style or fashion, certain characteristics, history or function of the goods. For example, it is advertised that the rice cooker is offered at a discount of 25 than the normal price. If it is found that there is no such discount given, the business entitytrader has contravened article 91a. Paragraph b to article 91 prohibits dishonest information concerning the condition of the goods. It prohibits business entities from making statement regarding the condition of the goods in dishonest manner. For example saying that the goods is new which in fact it is not. MIICEMA 2014 10-11 November 2014 Hotel Bangi-Putrajaya, Malaysia 225 Paragraph f to article 91 prohibits the business entities from giving information regarding any hidden deficiencies in goods in a dishonest manner. An example of such statement is a claim which says that the goods are defects free. It is a common practice nowadays when promoting various types of goods and to increase the volume of sales, the business entity will make a statement by saying that the consumers need two goods instead of one to ensure the effectiveness of the products. For example, in order to be slim within 3 months, a consumer has to consume tablet supplement together with slimming belt. If this type of statement is made in a dishonest manner, for example just to increase the volume of sale, it is prohibited under article 91g of the LCP 1999. Meanwhile, article 91h of the LCP 1999 concerns about making dishonest statement in relation to the place of origin of goods. Protection on consumers’ right to information in relation to goods or services Article 91c of the LCP 1999 prohibits the making of a representation in a dishonest manner that the goods or services have sponsorship or possession of certain equipment, accessories, benefits. An example of a statement or representation that can come within this provision is a statement which says that this gymnasium is equipped with the latest sauna, in fact only an old sauna is available. Paragraph d to article 91 concerns about the making of a representation in a dishonest manner concerning goods or services that have been produced by a company which has been sponsored, approved or affiliated by other organizations. For example, it is advertised that the live telecast of the world cup grand final could be viewed all over the country and is sponsored by XXX Company. In fact XXX Company only sponsors the live telecast in the capital city of the country. Article 91e concerns about the representation made in a dishonest manner in relation to the availability of goods or services. This representation may include the representation that the goods are available until the end of the month. However when a consumer goes to the shop one week before the month ends, the goods are no more available. It would be safe if it is said that the goods are available while stock lasts. If a consumer goes to the shop and finds that the goods are not available, the business entity could say that there is no more stock. The later representation will not be caught under article 91e. If a business entity advertises in his premises that repair service is available in fact it is not available, then the business entity has contravened article 91e. Article 91f prohibits any representation made in a dishonest manner which has the effect directly or indirectly of disparaging other goods or services. For example, ABC Company says their products are produced using nano technology and can last longer than products produced by XYZ Company. Another example regarding services is ABC Contractor says that they can install kitchen cabinet within one week compared to the service supplied by XYZ Contractor. By mentioning the name of the comparative company with the intention to disparage them, ABC Company and ABC Contractor have contravened article 91e. Business entity is also prohibited from using exaggerating words such as safe, not dangerous, free of risk or no side effect without complete information, such as, absolutely MIICEMA 2014 10-11 November 2014 Hotel Bangi-Putrajaya, Malaysia 226 safe or risks free. If this representation is made, it must be accompanied with information such as, scientific information to support the representation. This prohibited is stated in article 91j. Meanwhile, article 91k prohibits business entity from offering something which contains uncertain promise such as, a promise that a spare parts for an imported car could be obtained within one week although the business entity knows that one week is too short. The LCP also provides for criminal liability for contravening article 9 of the LCP. If found guilty, the business entity can be imprisoned for not more than five years or fine for not more than five hundred million Rupiah. The sanctions are provided under article 62 of the LCP. ANALYSIS The analysis on Malaysian and Indonesian consumer protection legislations shows that both countries adopt criminal law instrument to protect consumers’ right to information. Criminal law is widely used as a means of deterring traders and producers from engaging in certain types of trading abuse which operates to the detriment of consumers David John : 1997. In other words, the criminal law is used as a means of protecting consumer interest. The principal means of protection is through strict criminal liability. Strict criminal liability offence requires no blameworthiness on the part of the accused Rusell ; 2001. The prosecution is relieved from the responsibility of proving that the alleged offence has the necessary mens rea as to one of the elements in criminal law offence. Mens rea means the state of mind. What the prosecution needs to prove is actus reus which means the guilty act or forbidden conduct. The normal criminal offences require the proof of actus reus forbidden conduct and mens rea state of mind. The justification for imposing strict liability can be seen in the judgment of Lord Diplock in the case of Tesco Supermarket Ltd v Nattrass 2 whereby Lord Diplock has said that: Consumer protection is achieved only if the occurrence of the prohibited acts or omissions is prevented. It is the deterrent effect of penal provisions which protects the consumer from the loss he would sustain if the offence were committed…The loss to the consumer is the same whether the acts or omissions which result in his being given inaccurate or inadequate information are intended to mislead him, or are due to carelessness or inadvertence. So is the corresponding gain to the other party to the business transaction with the consumer… This I apprehend is the rationale and moral justification for creating in the field of consumer protection…offences of ‘strict liability’. Besides that, as mentioned above, the categories of false, misleading and deceptive information in Malaysia are quite similar to the categories of information made in a dishonest manner in Indonesia. This can be seen in the Table 1 below. 2 [1972] AC 153. MIICEMA 2014 10-11 November 2014 Hotel Bangi-Putrajaya, Malaysia 227 PARA MALAYSIA Section 101 INDONESIA Article 91 a. Goods of a particular kind, standard, quality, grade, quantity, composition, style or model Such goods had already met andor has price discount, special price, certain quality standard, style or fashion, certain characteristics, certain history or certain function b. Goods have had a particular history or particular previous Such goods are in good condition or new c. The services are of a particular kind, standard, quality or quantity Such goods andor services have obtained or possess a sponsorship agreement, certain equipment, certain profit, job characteristics or certain accessories d. The services are supplied by any particular person or by any person of a particular trade, qualification or skill Goods andor services are produced by a company that has a sponsorship, agreement or affiliation e. A particular person has agreed to acquire the goods or services Such goods andor services are available f. The goods are new or reconditioned Such goods did not have any hidden defect g. The goods were manufactured, produced, processed or reconditioned at a particular time Such goods complemented certain other goods h. The goods or services have any sponsorship, approval, endorsement, performance characteristics, accessories, uses or benefits Such goods originated from a certain other goods i. The person has any sponsorship, approval, endorsement or affiliation Either directly or indirectly disparaged other goods andor other services j. Concerns the need for any goods or services Used exaggerating words such as safe, not dangerous, free of risk or side effect without complete information k. Concerns the existence, exclusion or effect of any condition, guarantee, right or remedy. Offered something containing uncertain promise l. Concerns the place of origin of the goods - CONCLUSION From the above discussion and analysis, it can be concluded that both Malaysia and Indonesia, though from different legal tradition, in which Malaysia is a common law tradition and Indonesia is a civil law tradition, when it comes to consumer protection, the consumers in both countries receive the same type of protection. Table 1 shows that the types of information that the consumers are protected from do not show any significant differe nces. Both countries are upholding the consumers’ right to information in the same MIICEMA 2014 10-11 November 2014 Hotel Bangi-Putrajaya, Malaysia 228 way. It is submitted that consumers all over the world should enjoy the same protection in relation to consumers’ right to information. REFERENCES Anderson v Scrutton [1934] SASR 10 David. H. and John. L. 1997. Textbook on consumer lLaw. London : Blackstone Press Limited. Ian R. 2007. Consumer law and policy. Canada : Hart Publishing. Mohd Hamdan Hj Adnan. 1990. Hak anda sebagai pengguna. Petaling Jaya : Penerbit Fajar Bakti Sdn Bhd. Russell. H. 2001. Criminal law. London : Blackstone Press Limited. Stephen. C. 2013. The Austrlian consumer law. 2 nd Edition. New South Wales : Thompson Reuters Professional Australia Limited. Stephen. C. Philip H. C. 2008. Australian consumer law : Commentary and materials . 4th Edition. New South Wales : Thomson Reuters Professional Australia Limited. __________. 2011. Competition and Consumer Act – Advanced consolidation. New South Wales : Thompson Reuters Professional Australia Limited. __________.1999. Panduan pengguna. Malaysia : Kementerian Perdagangan Dalam Negeri dan Hal Ehwal Pengguna MIICEMA 2014 10-11 November 2014 Hotel Bangi-Putrajaya, Malaysia 229 Halalan Toyyiban Concept in Retailing Management: A Conceptual Paper SHAHRINIZAM MANSOR Department of Marketing and Management, Universiti Teknologi MARA, UiTM Kampus JOHOR, Segamat, JOHOR shahr633johor.uitm.edu.my MOHD ZAKI RAZALY Academy of Contemporary Islamic Studies ACIS, Universiti Teknologi MARA, UiTM Kampus JOHOR, Segamat, JOHOR moham694johor.uitm.edu.my MOHD IZUAN ISMAIL Academy of Language StudiesAPB, Universiti Teknologi MARA, UiTM Kampus JOHOR, Segamat, JOHOR mohdi875johor.uitm.edu.my Abstract The word halal is commonly associated with Muslims. This is because Muslims must only consume halal products. The emphasis on halal products are now growing, and it is becoming a new market force as well as a brand identifier that is currently making its way into the mainstream market. Halal products are also widely distributed all over the world and non-Islamic countries have started to acknowledge them. People around the globe are now able to recognize the concept of halal product and the need for it. Consequently, manufacturers have changed their mind set regarding halal processing, halal packaging, and halal supply chain. In addition to this positive awareness, it is important to note that not only the product itself should be halal, but also the way it is managed and how it is sold to the consumer. This is why the concept of halal greatly affects the world of retailing. Hence, the aim of this study is to identify and distinguish the factors which lead to halalan toyyiban concept in the retailing industry, namely in Malaysia. In order to achieve this objective, a conceptual model is proposed based on the understanding of the real concept of halalan toyyiban which are based on the Holy Quran and Hadith from Prophet Muhammad PBUH. The study found that; clear understanding, total segregation, acknowledgement and enforcement are three pertinent areas that should be focused on in order to achieve true halalan toyyiban in retailing industry. Thus, this paper proposes a conceptual model MIICEMA 2014 10-11 November 2014 Hotel Bangi-Putrajaya, Malaysia 230 and there are bound to be some limitations. Perhaps this paper will help other researchers in clarifying the subject matter in future. Keywords : halal, halalan toyyiban, retailing, Islamic management

1. INTRODUCTION

Religious commitment plays an important role in people’s lives through shaping their beliefs, knowledge, and attitudes Shabbir, 2010. Different religious groups such as Muslims, Christians, Buddhists and Hindus have different beliefs, and these beliefs cannot be ignored when a society is analysed Fam et al., 2002. These religious commitments and beliefs influence the feelings and attitudes of people towards consumption Jamal, 2003. The halal concept is one of these commitments which plays an important role in Muslims’ consumption. Furthermore, Islam is the fastest-growing religion in the world, both by birth and by adoption, with the Muslim population estimated to exceed 3.5 billion by 2015 Kambiz, 2010. Halal is no longer a religious issue. It is in the realm of business and trade, and it is becoming a global symbol for quality assurance and choice of lifestyle. Halal does not only concern food products, consumption and during point of purchasing per se, but it must be present in the overall supply chain network right from the origin to final consumption, from farm-to-fork Syazwan, 2012. When the word halal is mentioned, people tend to associate it with food or any food-based product. These products should be free from swine and dogs or anything related to them. This is a common mind-set that most people have. But Islam is not about food only; Islam is a way of life. As Muslims, we should live our life according to the code and conduct of Islam, a total devotion to ALLAH SWT by observing all that has been stated in the Holy Quran and Hadith. Muslims believe that ALLAH SWT is the Creator, and He knows what is best for His creations. That is why He had sent the Holy Quran as a complete guide in our life. Although the term halal has never attracted as much attention as in recent time, today, wherever there are Muslim consumers whose tastes and preferences are governed by halal rules especially in food, then a halal market exists.

i. Retailing Worldwide

Retailing is one of the biggest industries in the world. All products and services must go through the retailing circle in order to complete the selling process; i.e. either store retailing or non-store retailing. Retailing can be defined as an activity that is directly related to the sales of goods and services to the ultimate consumer for personal, non business use – and this has enhanced the quality of our daily lives Lamb, 2011. Retailing affects all of us directly or indirectly. It does not matter whether we shop for groceries, buy clothes and books, or go to the hair salon to do our hair; we are all involved in retailing. There are millions of goods and services out there in the market provided by retailers just to fulfil our needs and wants. Retailing industries also contribute to a huge number for gross domestic product GDP. Although most retailers are quite small, there are a few big organizations that dominate the industry. Some of them include retail MIICEMA 2014 10-11 November 2014 Hotel Bangi-Putrajaya, Malaysia 231 operations such as department store, specialty store, supermarkets, drugstores, convenience store, discount store and restaurants. Regardless of the size of the retail operation, it will still require management. From the old-school types of management to the new modern high technology, management still plays an important role in making the retail industry a success. It can be from different philosophy, different culture, different background and different religion, but only a good management will win the race. So in this paper, we will discuss retailing management in the perspective of Islamic retailing management. ii. Islamic Management Islamic management in general is an instrument or an important element in the development of Ummah that has been shown in Piagam Madinah. By analysing the current situation to Muslim communities around the world, the concept of Islamic Management is still unclear and it is not widely accepted. Consequently, these situations will make the application of Islamic Management impossible to be executed. As Muslims, we should observe that our actions must be parallel with the Islamic code and conduct. In this context, the management of our daily life and all social economic activities should be based on the guidelines that have been stated by the Holy Quran and Hadith. The problem is: do we really understand what is the guideline that has been stated by the Holy Quran and Hadith when dealing with social economics? How are these guidelines through the code and conduct applied or executed in our daily life? Why conventional management is so dominant even in Muslim communities? Why Islam as a model of prestige management is ignored by the Muslims themselves? Who should be blamed in this and what is the solution to solve this matter? In Islam, the roles and the importance of management has close connections with the pillars of Islam such as praying, fasting, zakat and haj. These religious activities need to be organized and managed properly. The concept of Islamic management begins with the form of Islamic government in Medina that had been stated in Piagam Madinah. In this doctrine, relationship within the community had been systematically arranged where it fulfils all the needs and wants according to the principles of Islam. In any civilization in this world, management is the key and it is one of the most important characteristics to that community in order to sustain their social economic and survival. This is because the management will decide how the society intermingles within the community to ensure that they will live in harmony. This paper assumes that the management style in a society will influence the growth and the development of socio-economics of that particular society. The highlighted Islamic management will lead to Maqasid Shariah. However, to influence the whole society to implement the real concept of Islamic management is not an easy feat. The Muslim community has to prove that the Islamic management has strong and reliable characteristics that will make it acceptable. As a result, this will set a good example to other communities as well.