Literature Review Behavior of Reading Nutrition Fact Label on Undergraduate Students of Bogor Agricultural University, Indonesia
MIICEMA 2014 10-11 November 2014
Hotel Bangi-Putrajaya, Malaysia
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and improved products and services to meet the customer demands Damanpour Gopalakrishnan, 2001. Researchers Lukas and Ferrell, 2000; Bonner and Walker, 2004 have
classified product innovation in to four categories: product-line extensions, me-too products, new-to-the-world products, and product improvementsmodifications. Product-line extensions are
related to the extension of the existing product and are new to customers but not to the firm; Me- too products are related to the existing products of competitors. Firms produce and imitate the
existing products of their competitors. Such products are new to the firm but not to the existing market. New-to-the-world products are the newly developed products through research and
development and are new to the market as well as to the firm; while product improvement and modification are the products that carry even slight modifications to the old products, and so these
products will be new neither to the customer market nor to the current firm. On the other hand, process innovation is related to the changes in the processes or activities of producing final
products or services. This type of innovation is done to improve the overall efficiency of the internal processes and depends on the rate of implementation of new technology in the firms
Damanpour Gopalakrishnan, 2001. Lager 2002 classifies process innovation as 1 newness of process technology to the world --- at what extent a particular process technology is known by
the market and 2 newness of process technology to the company --- at what extent a particular process technology is implemented in the production system of a particular firm. Process
innovation helps in reducing the costs associated with the production and manufacturing processes; while product innovation aims at improving the quality of the products and at the same
time producing new products with different features and characteristics Lager , 2002. Fug sang 2010 explains that innovation in organizations means the creation of new things or adopting
new technologies. The central concept of innovation is the newness for organizations Vander Steen, 2009; Antonioli
, 2011. This ‘new’ can be a concept, idea, amenity, procedure, policy, process, structure, product, system, and much more West Farr, 1989; Windrum , 2008;
Fuglsang , 2010.