Background of the Study

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D. The Formulation of the Problem

Based on the background above, the writer would like to formulate the problem as: “is there effects using paraphrasing and summarizing in teaching reading skill ”?

E. The Objective of the Study

The objective of the research is to know whether paraphrasing and summarizing is effective in the teaching reading skill.

F. The Significance of the Study

The results of the study is expected give useful information and give knowledge about the use of paraphrasing and summarizing in English language teaching. The witer hope that the readers can take benefit from this study, cangive a source for English teacher as an alternative way or technique in teaching reading skill, and for the students this research hope can be exercise to increase their ability in reading comprehension, and it can be motivate students in learning. 5 CHAPTER II THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK

A. The Reading Skill

1. The meaning of reading skill

Reading skill is very prominent in a language. It is a tool of learning to understand the books or other reference matrials; when we first read a book the first think we think are word and meaning. We have to memorize the meaning of words and there are unlimited in learn a language. Reading skill is one of a language ability. In the process of reading, the students should concentrates with the subject content and the language. It is useful to provide their activities in the comprehension, interpretation of ideas, cognitive activity, and physical activity. Harmer classified reading skill into six skills. They are: predictions, scanning, skimming, finding detailed information, recognition discourse pattern, and guessing meaning from context. 6 According to Peter David Pumprey, reading is more than the ability to understand the explicit meaning of the passage presented. It is, in essence, a constructive thingking process which includes comprehension of explicit and implicit meaning. It involves application, analysis, evaluation, and imagination. It is one activity through which the child’s cognitive development can further. 7 In reading instruction for today’s children stated that reading is an activity which involves the comprehension and interpretation of ideas symbolized by written or printed language. 8 6 Jeremy Harmer, The Practice of English Language Teaching, New York : Longman Publishing, 1991, p. 153 7 Peter David, F, Measuring Reading Ability : concept, sources and application, :GreatBritanian :Hoder and Stoughton Educational, 1997, p.2 8 Nila B. Smith and H. Alan Robinson , Reading Instruction for Today’s children, New Jersey : Prantice Hall, inc, 1980, p. 17 6 Reading is not only pronouncing the word loudly but also understanding taken into consideration. As Christinc Nuttal said “it is unlikely that you were interested in pronounciation of what you read except in a tiny minority of cases, and it is even likely that you were intersted in the grammatical structures used. You read because you wanted to get something from the writing : facts, ideas, enjoyment, even feelings or family community from letter : what ever it was, you wanted to get message that the writer had expressed”. 9 Farrel stated that ”Reading is also considered as a process of constructing meaning through dynamic interaction among the existing knowledge, the information suggested by the written language, and the context of the reading situation”. 10 Based on those definitions above, it can be concluded that reading is the ability to understand the meaning from written langguage and it requires any other aspects such as word recognition and pronunciation.

2. The purpose of reading skill

When people read, they read for purpose. They may read to understand reading for full comprehension, and to get the general idea, or to find the part that contains the information. A person may read for many purposes. If he is reading for pleasure, he may read either quickly or slowly based on the way he likes or feels. But if he is reading for information such as news, science or some line which are parts of his study or assignment it does slowly and carrefully. If a person wants to note an address, a phone number, a date or book paragraph in order to locate a special piece of information, is called scanning. But if he neds all the passage in order to know about what it deals about his reading is called skimming. 11 As Harris and Smith stated that “ purpose for reading are similar for the beginner and the mature reader. The level of thought that is required to achieve 9 Christine Nuttal, Teaching Reading Skills in a Foreign Language, London : Heineman, 1982 , p. 3 Farrel, Planning Lesson for A Reading class, RELC Potrfolio Series 6, Singapore: Regional Language Center,2002.p.1 11 Christinc Nuttal, Teaching Reading in a Foreign Language, Oxford : Heineman Educational Book ltd, 1989, p. 36