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points in your own words. By highlighting these main points, you will be left with a condensed version of a longer piece.
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Based on the statements above, the writer can conclude that a summary is restatement from the author’s ideas giving only the key points of a passage. It is
not a long side from the original. We just select the information presented in the original.
2. The Strategies in Summarizing
There are some strategies in summarizing. According to Kennedy, those are 1. We delete redundancy and unimportant detail,2. We provide a general
term to cover several specific the original text,3.We locate and emphasize topic sentences, and invent ones if none are found,4. We combine ideas in sentences
and paragraph.
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Mean while Simon writes : 1. We read the text once, and try to state the point of the text in a single sentence,2. We read the text again, and ask
our self if our sentence about the author’s meaning makes sense,3. We go through the text paragraphs by paragraphs, and for each paragraph we give the
main point in a sentence, 4. We rewite a draft by assembling our sentences in a good order, 5. We revised, add appropriate transitional material, change words,
and turn our sentences into a readable summary.
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Kathleen use the following steps as a guide in writing a summary: 1. Read the entire original work first, 2. Reread and underline key points, 3. Review your
underlining, 4. Write sentences to include all remaining underlined information, 5. Present ideas in the summary in the same order in which they appeared in the
original, 6. Revise your summary.
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Mean while Jordan writes the advice and suggestions for writing summaries:
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Linda Simon, Good Writing A Guide and Sourcebook for Writing Across the Curriculum ,
New York : ST. Martin’s Press, , p.
32
Kennedy, Mary Lynch, William J Kennedy, Hardly M. Smith, W riting in the Diciplines, New Jersey : Simon Schuster, 1987,p.26
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Simon, Linda, Good Writing A Guide, and Source Book For Writing Across the Curriculum ,
New York : ST. Marti’s Press, , p.
34
Kathleen T. McWhorter, Efficient and Flexible Reading, New York: Harper Collins Publishers, 1992, p.310
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a. At the beginning write the title of the bookjournal, the author and
article, publisher and date. b.
Quickly read skim the next to get an overall idea of it. c.
Then read it carefully, identifying the main points. d.
As you read, make brief notes of the main points. e.
Phrase are important and may be useful to quote in an essay. f.
Remove examples and details. g.
Ensure that your summary is accurate and neutral. h.
As far as possible condense the ponits into straightforward statements.
i. Write clearly, concisely, coherently, and logically.
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D.Similarities and Differences Between Paraphrasing and Summarizing
There are some similarities and differences between paraphrasing and summarizing in terms of content, vocabulary, stucture, and lenght. The similarities
are about the vocabulary and the structure these are according to Sorenson
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:1. Both paraphrasing and summarizing are strategies in language learning using
mostly cognitive strategies, 2. Both are “translating” technical of complicated material into our own words,3. In orther to get good result, both of them are
done without looking at the original text. The differences about the content and lenght 1. A paraphrase contains all information the original, while a summary
contains only the most important information, 2. The lenght of paraphrase is nearly the same as the original, usually one-fourth less, while a summary is a
shorthened version of a piece of writing, 3. If a paraphrase does not reflect personal bias, a summary does.
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Jordan R. R, English for Academic Purpose, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1997, p.97
36
Sorenson Sharon, Student Writing Handbook, Prentice Hall, 1988, p. 354-380
