The Strategies in Summarizing

17 2. Presentation Before the writer begins the teaching learning process, she tells the students the objective of the lesson. Then she gives exercise and test for feedback and encouragement to the students in the class. The steps of teaching reading skill through paraphrasing and summarizing are described as follows: a. Before starting the lesson the writer gave motivation to the students on reading skill, for example: what is the use of reading skill? b. The writer gave explanations related to reading skill. The writer asked the students to ask some question about it. c. The writer gave the first reading text about “Tobacco Convention Becomes Law Sunday”. The writer asked the students to read the passage carefully, and answered some questions. d. The writer gave the second reading text about “Analogy” to each students, and asked them to read the passage carrefully. After that the writer asked some question to the students. e. The writer distributed a handout about paraphrase. Then she gave explanations including all those strategies to make a paraphrase. f. The writer asked the students to make paraphrase from reading text “Analogy”. Before that the writer asked them to read the passage carefully, find the main idea, and the detail. g. The writer asked the students to read their presentation and conclution about the passage to be paraphrased. h. The writer gave the third reading text about “The Composition of Food”. She ask them to read the passage carefully and than answer some questions orally. i. The writer gave a handout about summary. She gave explanations and the strategies to make summary. She asked the students to practice it in writing related to the material and asked them to read the passage carefully, find the main ideas and the details. 18 j. The students given the fourth passage about “The First European Settleme nt” to be paraphrased. The writer asked them to read the passage carefully to look for topic sentences or the main information. k. The passage “Culture and The Natural Environment” were distributed to the students to be summarized. The teacher asked them to skim the text to get an overall idea of it. l. The writer asked some students to read the reading text by turns and discuss the conclution of the text. m. The writer tells the students to discuss the vocabularies that the students do not understand and asking them to tells their problems in learning process. n. The writer evaluates the students. After gives some explanations and exercises. The writer gave a handout reading text related paraphrase and summary, and asked the students fill the instrument sheet. In this evaluates, the students need some efforts to get a maximum understanding or they should understand the passage organization as the process in applying their own ideas. It is to find out how efficient the paraphrasing and summarizing strategies are for students to learn a language especially in reading subject.

F. Conceptual Framework

Reading is the way to get information from written language. The purpose of reading is not only to understand the reading passage but also to find out the ideas written by the author. Reading is one of the four skill of English language, and it is important to mastery in learning language. The fact some of student have difficulties in learning reading. There are many factors the difficulties faced by the students mainly, the students have minimum vocabulary mastery, in this case they are not understand the passage before looking up the words in the dictionary. They are not fully understand the meaning of passage because the lack in comprehend the text, so that it make them not be able to find the main ideas and 19 the details of the passage. And they feel bored when they get reading lesson. Based on the background above, the writer give an alternative technique in learning reading using paraphrase and summary in teaching reading skill. It is can help student to write ideas and information required in the reading, and it can give the students new experience and knowledge about reading skill, paraphrase, and summary.

G. Theoretical Hypothesis

The writer calculating the obtained data prove the hypothesis the result by using t test formula and t o observation as follows: a. Formulating the null hyphotesis Ho: there is no significance effect of paraphrasing and summarizing in teaching reading skill. b. Formulating the alternative hypothesis Ha: there is significance effect of paraphrasing and summarizing in teaching reading skill.