21
D.The Instrument of the Research
The research instruments used by the writer was written test to the second grade of SMA Pembangunan 1Bogor. The test was given twice to the students.
The first test was pre-test, and the second was post-test. This test was done to know how well the students master learning reading skill through paraphrasing
and summarizing.
E.Technique of Data Collection
The writer gave two test as a technique of collecting data in this research. The test were pre-test and post-test. The first test was given before teaching and
the second test was given after teaching.
F.Technique of Data Analysis
In analyzing the data from teaching reading skill through paraphrasing and summarizing the writer used the statistical calculation. The writer calculated by
using these steps: a.
Determining the Mean of Variable X by using formula: Mx =
b. Determining the Mean of Variable Y by using formula :
My = c.
Determining the Standard Deviation Score of Variable X by using formula :
SDx =
√
d. Determining the Standard Deviation Score of Variable Y by using
formula : Sdy =
√
22
e. Determining Standard Error Mean of Variable X by using formula :
SE
MX = √
f. Determining Standard Error Mean of Variable Y by using formula :
SE
MY = √
g. Determining the Standard Error of different Mean of Variable X and
Mean of Variable Y by using formula: SE
MX
– SE
MY =
√
h. Determining t
o
by using formula: t
o =
i. Determining the degree of freedom df by using formula:
Df = N1 + N2 - 2
G.Statistical Hypothesis
Statistically, the hypothesis stated as follows: Ho
: µ
A
= µ
B
H
1
:µ
A
µ
B
The criteria for the hyporhesis testing are: Ho is accepted if t ≤ t 1-α, the t 1- 1 ½ α price is obtained from t distribution
table, on the other hand, Ho is rejected on the any other price.
23
CHAPTER IV RESEARCH FINDINGS AND INTERPRETATION
A. The Description of the Data
As mentioned in previous pages, in taking the data the writer conducted both library research and field research. To know the result of the test, the writer
observed the class, and taught the student to take students score before the teaching began and after the teaching or in the last meeting of the research.
Table 4.1 The score of the experiment class students pre-test and pos-test
using paraphrasing and summarizing in teaching reading.
Student Pre-Test
Post-test Gained Score
1 45
90 33
2 60
70 10
3 55
60 5
4 60
65 5
5 75
95 20
6 65
95 30
7 75
85 -3
8 65
70 5
9 70
80 10
10 60
70 10
11 60
85 20
12 70
75 5
13 75
90 15
14 65
80 15
15 55
80 25
24
16 55
85 5
17 70
95 25
18 60
70 10
19 45
70 25
20 50
75 15
N=20 ∑=1235
Average=61.75 ∑=1565
Average=78.25 ∑=285
Based on the tabel above, the writer concluded that the lowest score of the pre-test is 45 and the highest score of pre-test is 75 with average 61.75. And the
lowest score of the post-test is 60, and the higher score of post-test is 95 with average 78.25.
Table 4.2 The score of the control class students pre-test and post-test using
paraphrasing and summarizing in teaching reading. Student
Pre-Test Post-Test
Gained Score
1 45
60 15
2 40
60 33
3 60
75 15
4 55
65 10
5 60
75 15
6 60
75 15
7 60
76 16
8 70
65 -5
9 50
80 30
10 66
78 12
11 45
70 25
12 70
65 -5
25
13 65
64 -1
14 72
60 -12
15 70
65 -5
16 40
50 10
17 58
55 -3
18 56
57 1
19 65
70 5
20 60
65 -3
N=20 ∑=1667
Average=58.35 ∑=1330
Average=66.5 ∑=168
Based on the table above, the writer concluded that the lowest score of the pre-tes 40 and the higher score of the pre-test 70 with the average 58.35. The
lowest score of post-test is 50 and the higher score of the post-test 80 with the average 66.5.
1. Analysis of the data
The following is the table the result of the data from the score experiment
class student and the score of the control class student.
Table 4.3 The result calculation of test between experiment class and control
class Student
X Y
x y
1 90
60 -11.75
6.5 138.06
42.25 2
70 60
-8.25 6.5
68.06 42.25
3 60
75 -18.25
-8.5 333.06
72.25 4
65 65
-13.25 1.5
175.56 2.25
5 95
75 -16.75
-8.5 280.56
72.25
26
6 95
75 -16.75
-8.5 280.56
72.25 7
85 76
-6.75 -9.5
45.56 90.25
8 70
65 -8.25
1.5 68.06
2.25 9
80 80
-1.75 -13.5
3.06 182.25
10 70
78 -8.25
-11.5 68.06
132.25 11
85 70
-6.75 -3.5
45.56 12.25
12 75
65 3.25
1.5 10.56
68.06 13
90 64
-11.75 2.5
138.06 6.25
14 80
60 -1.75
6.5 3.06
42.25 15
80 65
-1.75 1.5
3.06 2.25
16 85
50 -6.75
16.5 45.56
272.25 17
95 55
-16.75 11.5
280.56 132.25
18 70
57 -8.25
9.5 68.06
90.25 19
70 70
-825 -3.5
68.06 12.25
20 75
65 3.25
1.5 10.56
2.25
N=20 ∑=1565
Average =78.25
∑=1330 Average
=66.5 ∑=0
∑=0 ∑=2133.7
∑=19401.87
Based on the data on the table 4.3, the writer conclude that the statistical calculatioan as follows:
M
x
= =
= 78.25
