The Stategies in Paraphrasing

15 a. At the beginning write the title of the bookjournal, the author and article, publisher and date. b. Quickly read skim the next to get an overall idea of it. c. Then read it carefully, identifying the main points. d. As you read, make brief notes of the main points. e. Phrase are important and may be useful to quote in an essay. f. Remove examples and details. g. Ensure that your summary is accurate and neutral. h. As far as possible condense the ponits into straightforward statements. i. Write clearly, concisely, coherently, and logically. 35 D.Similarities and Differences Between Paraphrasing and Summarizing There are some similarities and differences between paraphrasing and summarizing in terms of content, vocabulary, stucture, and lenght. The similarities are about the vocabulary and the structure these are according to Sorenson 36 :1. Both paraphrasing and summarizing are strategies in language learning using mostly cognitive strategies, 2. Both are “translating” technical of complicated material into our own words,3. In orther to get good result, both of them are done without looking at the original text. The differences about the content and lenght 1. A paraphrase contains all information the original, while a summary contains only the most important information, 2. The lenght of paraphrase is nearly the same as the original, usually one-fourth less, while a summary is a shorthened version of a piece of writing, 3. If a paraphrase does not reflect personal bias, a summary does. 35 Jordan R. R, English for Academic Purpose, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1997, p.97 36 Sorenson Sharon, Student Writing Handbook, Prentice Hall, 1988, p. 354-380 16 According to Gould a paraphrase differs from a summary in the following ways 37 :1. It is more extensive than summary,2. A paraphrase is inclusive, a summary selective, 3. The paraphrase depends on the structure of the text, the summary does not, 4. Summaries are generally written in the present tense, 5. It is shorter than the original, but it contains all the important point, 6. It is a report on something that has already been written or presented orally, 7. The first sentence usually identifies what is sentence usually identifies what is being summarized. Kathleen stated that a summary contains only the gist of the text, with limited background, explanation, or detail. Although summaries vary in lenght, they are often one-quarter or less of the length of the original. 38 A paraphrase and a summary are a useful technique in several situations and useful in a variety of reading situations. Mainly to get information for several paper, to get detailed comprehension, and to understanding difficult passages.

E. The Procedure of Teaching

In the teaching learning process, there is an interaction between teacher and student. The writer should prepare all components are related to teaching learning process such as she make lesson plan before presenting the concept would be learned: 1. Greeting The writer entered the class and greets the students, and than the writer checked the attendance list by calling the student’s name one by one. Before starting the lesson the writer introduced herself. The writer tells the students some information about the topic that would be learned. 37 Eric, Gould, Diyanni, Robert, Smith William, The Act of Writing, New Yprk : Random House, 1989,p.77 38 Kathleen T. McWhorter, Efficient and Flexible Reading, New York:Harper Collins Publishers, 1992, p.309