1. Intralingual translation: translation within the same language, which can involve rewording or paraphrase
2. Interlingual translation: translation from one language to another,
3. Intersemiotic translation: translation of the verbal sign by non verbal sign for example music or image.
There is various kind of translation, they are word for word translation, free translation, literal translation, dynamic translation, pragmatic translation,
aesthetic-poetic translation, ethnographic translation, linguistic translation communicative translation and semantic translation.
3. The Process of Translation
To put it simply it is the activity of translation, the translator use a guide in translating text from the source language into the target language. In translation
the translator must follow the three steps of translation they are; analyzing the texts of source language, transfer the source text meaning into target language and
finally restructuring the grammar, meaning and other translation strategies into target language.
C. Translation Accuracy
In The Theory and Practice of Translation by Nida and Taber, accuracy can be determined by judging the extent to which the response of the receptor is
substantially equivalent to the response of the original receptor 1974: 28. It
means that context, though, or message of both sources must close in terms of “equivalent meaning and style” since the reader maybe have some experience
with the Source Language could be confused if the source language influence the target language.
The very first stage of translation is the analysis, the translator read the text to determine the grammatical relationship and meaning of the word. In
transfer stage, the translator makes some notes to be used in analyzing the text to transfer the right meaning of source language and in to target language and when
it is restructured to make final message it is acceptable in receptor language.
D. Translation Equivalence
What it means with equivalence is that the languages describe the same situation by different stylistic or structural means, here for example an American
idiom “Apple does not fall far from the tree” translated into Indonesian as “Air cucuran jatuhnya ke pelimbahan
juga” it means the same thing in both language as A child grows up to be similar to its parents, both in behavior and in physical
characteristics, since both language have the same meaning for the idiom it will be simple.
There are types of equivalence defined by Nida, which are also called two basic orientations of translation:
