The translation of idiomatic expressions in J.K.Rowling`s Harry Potter and the Sorcerer`s Stone: a study on equivalence and translation strategies.

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ABSTRACT

CHRISADIYA, RUTH DESTIA. The Translation of Idiomatic Expressions in J.K. Rowling’s Harry Potter and the Sorcerer’s Stone: A Study on

Equivalence and Translation Strategies. Yogyakarta: Department of English Letters, Faculty of Letters, Sanata Dharma University, 2015.

This study is concerned with idiomatic expression especially those which are found in the novel Harry Potter and The Sorcerer’s Stone by J.K. Rowling. Idiomatic expressions are divided into two types, idioms and phrasal verbs. It is challenging to translate idiomatic expressions because idioms have various meanings. They can not be translated by “a word-for-word”.

There are two problems to be discussed in this study, the first is the equivalence of the Indonesian translation of idioms in J.K Rowling’s Harry Potter and the Sorcerer’s Stone and second is the applied strategies to translate English idioms in J.K. Rowling’s Harry Potter and the Sorcerer’s Stone. Several theories are used to support this study. They include the theories of equivalence from Nida and Taber, Catford, and Munday. Also the theories of translation strategies based on Baker, Venuti and Krings.

This study employs the library research method and uses translation approach. The data analyzed in this study consists of idiomatic expressions in J.K Rowling’s Harry Potter and The Sorcerer’s Stone novel. A total of 120 idiomatic expressions were collected in this study. The steps of this study were collecting data, categorizing and analyzing data.

As the result of the analysis, there are two types of idiomatic expressions in this study, they are idioms and phrasal verbs. From 120 data found in the novel, 12 data are selected to be displayed and discussed. Based on Nida and Taber’s theory of equivalence, there are 8 data which are identified as dynamic equivalence and 4 data are identified as formal equivalence. According to Baker, the strategy which is applied in the translation are divided into three types, the frst is using an idiom of similar meaning and form, second is using an idiom of similar meaning but dissimilar form and translation by paraphrase. The result shows that the translation by paraphrase is mostly used with 9 numbers of data, followed by using an idiom of similar meaning but dissimilar form with 2 numbers and using an idiom of similar meaning and form with 1 number.

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ABSTRAK

CHRISADIYA, RUTH DESTIA. The Translation of Idiomatic Expressions in J.K. Rowling’s Harry Potter and the Sorcerer’s Stone: A Study on Translation Strategies and Acceptability . Yogyakarta: Departemen Sastra Inggris, Fakultas Sastra, Universitas Sanata Dharma, 2015.

Penelitian ini berkaitan dengan ekspresi idiomatik terutama yang ditemukan dalam novel Harry Potter and the Sorcerer’s Stone oleh J.K. Rowling. Ekspresi idiomatik dibagi menjadi dua jenis, idiom dan kata kerja. Menerjemahkan ekspresi idiomatik adalah hal yang menantang karena idiom memiliki berbagai makna. Mereka tidak dapat diterjemahkan dengan "kata-demi kata".

Ada dua masalah yang akan dibahas dalam penelitian ini, yang pertama adalah kesetaraan terjemaha idiom di J.K. Rowling’s Harry Potter and the Sorcerer’s Stone dan kedua adalah strategi untuk menerjemahkan idiom bahasa Inggris di novel J.K.Rowling Harry Potter and the Sorcerer’s Stone. Ada beberapa teori yang digunakan untuk mendukung penelitian ini yaitu teori kesetaraan dari Nida dan Taber, Catford, dan Munday. Juga teori strategi penerjemahan berdasarkan Baker, Venuti dan Krings.

Penelitian ini menggunakan metode studi pustaka dan menggunakan pendekatan penerjemahan. Data yang dianalisis dalam penelitian ini terdiri dari ekspresi idiomatik di J.K. Rowling’s Harry Potter and the Sorcerer’s Stone. Ada sebanyak 120 ekspresi idiomatik dikumpulkan dalam penelitian ini. Langkah-langkah dari penelitian ini terdiri dari pengumpulan data, mengelompokkan dan menganalisis data.

Hasil dari analisis, ada dua jenis ekspresi idiomatik dalam penelitian ini, yaitu idiom dan kata kerja phrasal. Dari 120 data yang ditemukan dalam novel, 12 data yang dipilih untuk ditampilkan dan dibahas. Berdasarkan teori Nida dan Taber tentang kesetaraan, ada data 8 yang diidentifikasi sebagai kesetaraan dinamis dan 4 data diidentifikasi sebagai kesetaraan formal. Menurut Baker, strategi yang diterapkan dalam terjemahan dibagi menjadi tiga jenis, pertama, yang menggunakan idiom makna yang sama dan bentuk, kedua, menggunakan idiom makna serupa tetapi bentuk yang berbeda dan terjemahan oleh parafrase. Hasilnya menunjukkan bahwa terjemahan dengan parafrase paling banyak digunakan dengan jumlah 9 nomor, menggunakan idiom makna yang sama tetapi bentuk berbeda dengan jumlah 2 nomor dan menggunakan idiom makna yang sama dan bentuk dengan 1 nomor.

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THE TRANSLATION OF IDIOMATIC EXPRESSIONS IN J.K.

ROWLING’S HARRY POTTER AND THE SORCERER’S

STONE:

A STUDY ON EQUIVALENCE AND TRANSLATION

STRATEGIES

AN UNDERGRADUATE THESIS

Presented as Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements For the Degree of Sarjana Sastra

In English Letters

RUTH DESTIA CHRISADIYA

Student Number: 114214020

ENGLISH LETTERS STUDY PROGRAM DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH LETTERS

FACULTY OF LETTERS SANATA DHARMA UNIVERSITY

YOGYAKARTA 2016

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THE TRANSLATION OF IDIOMATIC EXPRESSIONS IN J.K.

ROWLING’S HARRY POTTER AND THE SORCERER’S

STONE:

A STUDY ON EQUIVALENCE AND TRANSLATION

STRATEGIES

AN UNDERGRADUATE THESIS

Presented as Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements For the Degree of Sarjana Sastra

In English Letters

RUTH DESTIA CHRISADIYA

Student Number: 114214020

ENGLISH LETTERS STUDY PROGRAM DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH LETTERS

FACULTY OF LETTERS YOGYAKARTA

2016

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ASarjana SastraUndergraduate Thesis

THE TRANSLATION OF IDIOMATIC EXPRESSIONS IN J.K. ROWLING'SHARRYPOTTER AND THE SORCERER'S

STONE:

A STUDY ON TRANSLATION STRATEGIES AND ACCEPTABILITY

RUTH DESTIA CHRISADIYA

Student Number: 114214020

Approved by

Harris Hermansyah S.,M.Hum Advi or

Dr.Be ardine Ria Lestari M.Sc. Co-Ad ·sor

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November17, 2015

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STATEMENT OF ORIGINALITY

I certify that this undergraduate thesis contains no material which has been previously submitted for the award of any other degree at any university, and that, to the best of my knowledge, this undergraduate thesis contains no material previously written by any other person except where due reference is made in the text of the undergradute thesis.

Yogyakarta, May 4, 2016

Ruth Destia Chrisadiya

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“What you are is God’s gift for you,

what you make of yourself is your gift to

God”

Carly Fiorina

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For my Mum,

You are the bones of my spine, and

all the lovely words that I could possibly think of

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

First of all, I would like to send my gratitude for Jesus Christ, the One that makes everything possible. Also I would thank my mum, for her love, pray, advices and support in every step that I take..

I am also very grateful to my advisor and co-advisor, J. Harris Hermansyah S.,M.Hum. and Dr. Bernardine Ria Lestari, M.Sc., for their opinion, criticism, patience, kindness in guiding me to finish my thesis. They help me a lot to improve my knowledge in translation studies.

I would like to say thanks to my sister, Aprisa Chrysantina, also my friends, Nivo Christitaria and Catharina Febry Putri Dewangga, thanks for all the love and support. My thanks to the coolest girl squad in English Letters named SPBU (Astrid, Lidya, Puri, Jenna, Oshi, Sisca, Dian), without them I cannot make it in English Letters until now. I also would like to say thanks to Wahyudi Septrianto, for his presence, support, and help when I was in difficult times writing this thesis.

I would also want to express my gratitude to the lecturers in English Letters Department of Sanata Dharma University, for sharing their knowledge in these years, and also the staff especially Mbak Niek. The last, I would send my gratitude to my favorite writer, J.K.Rowling, her books are so inspiring.

Ruth Destia Chrisadiya

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

TITLE PAGE ………... APPROVAL PAGE... ACCEPTANCE PAGE... LEMBAR PERNYATAAN PERSETUJUAN PUBLIKASI KARYA ILMIAH ... STATEMENT OF ORIGINALITY... MOTTO PAGE... DEDICATION PAGE... ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS... TABLE OF CONTENTS………... LIST OF TABLES... ABSTRACT... ABSTRAK... CHAPTER I : INTRODUCTION... A. Background of the Study... B. Problem Formulation... C. Objectives of the Study... D. Definition of Terms... CHAPTER II : REVIEW OF LITERATURE... A. Review of Related Studies... B. Review of Related Theories... C. Theoretical Framework... CHAPTER III : METHODOLOGY... A. Areas of Research... B. Object of the Study... C. Method of the Study... D. Research Procedurs... CHAPTER IV : ANALYSIS (RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS)...

A. The Equivalence of Idiomatic Expressions ……... 1. The Formal Equivalence of Idiomatic Expressions... 2. The Dynamic Equivalence of Idiomatic Expressions... B. The Applied Strategies of Idiomatic Translations ...

1. Using an idiom of similar meaning and form... 2. Using an idiom of similar meaning but dissimilar form... 3. Translation by Paraphrase... CHAPTER V : CONCLUSION... BIBLIOGRAPHY... APPENDICES... ii iii iv v vi vii viii ix x xi xii xiii 1 1 4 4 4 6 6 8 14 15 15 15 15 16 20 20 22 25 32 32 33 34 41 43 45 x

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LIST OF TABLES

Table 1.0. The Example of Idiomatic Expressions Table 1.1. The Example of Equivalence Data Analysis Table 1.2. The Example of Applied Strategies Data Analysis Table 2.1. The Proportion of Idiomatic Expressions

Table 2.2.The Proportions of Formal and Dynamic Equivalence

Table 2.3. The Proportion of Strategies Applied in Translating Idiomatic Expressions

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ABSTRACT

CHRISADIYA, RUTH DESTIA. The Translation of Idiomatic Expressions in J.K. Rowling’s Harry Potter and the Sorcerer’s Stone: A Study on

Equivalence and Translation Strategies. Yogyakarta: Department of English Letters, Faculty of Letters, Sanata Dharma University, 2015.

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ABSTRAK

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1 CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION

A. Background of the Study

In communicating with each other, humans need language as their medium. By using language, people could give and get informations. According to Larson, language is a complex set of ‘skewed’ relationships between meaning (semantic) and form (lexicon and grammar). It means that each language has its own form and meaning (Larson, 1984:9).

Consequently, various languages with different meaning and form create the diversity of one-to-one correlation between form and meaning. Nowadays, in the globalized era the need of information becomes high. Therefore, people need language to exchange the information. Although English is the international language which can be understood by people around the world, not everyone can understand English well so that s/he cannot access the information. In that case, translation is needed to help people get better understanding of informations. According to Larson, translation is basically a change of form. It consists of transferring the meaning of the source language into the receptor language. (Larson, 1984:3).

Translators should understand many aspects used in translation process because translation is not only translating sentence after sentence but also renderring the meaning. Translators have to be able to find methods which are

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suitable for each text because each text has its own style, meaning and difficulties. The messages from source text have to be naturally and accurately translated.

There are some difficulties that will be faced by the translators when dealing with a literary text which is full of style, meaning, or idiomatic expressions. Idioms for instance, can be found in many media like novels, newspaper, magazines because they are used in the wide variety of context or situation.

This research focuses on the idiomatic translation. It is challenging to analyze the translation of idioms because idioms cannot be translated word by word, and it is interesting to study about idioms because idioms are unique, used in wide variety of contexts and situation.

There are some reasons why the researcher chose Harry Potter and the Sorcerer’s Stone. First, it is because the story plays many fantasies and logic, also it is considered as the best-seller book series in history. Besides, Harry Potter series have been translated into 73 languages. Second, the novel contains significant numbers of idiomatic expressions which become the data for this research. Due to that reasons, the researcher choose Harry Potter and the Sorcerer’s Stone as the source text of the study.

The phenomenon which attracts the attention of the researcher to study about idiomatic expressions are the difficulties to translate idioms. For example the idiom hung her head as stated in the table below

No. Data ST No. Data TT

25/ST/SS/178 Hermione hung her head. Harry was speechless. Hermione was the last person to

25/TT/BB/222

Hermione menunduk. Harry tak bisa bicara, Hermione, orang yang paling anti melanggar

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do anything against the rules,..

peraturan,.. Table 1.0. The Example of Idiomatic Expressions

From the data above, it shows that idiom cannot be translated “word for word” because there is no relation between meaning and form of an idiom. Mona Baker (1992:63) says that idiom carry meanings which cannot be deduced from their individual components.

. According to Baker’s, the first difficulty is an idiom may have no equivalent in the target language. Second, an idiom may have a similar counterpart in the target language, but its context may be different. Third, an idiom may be used in the source text in both its literal and idiomatic senses at the same time and the last, the very convention of using idioms in written discourse, the contexts in which they can be used, and their frequency of use may be different in the source and target language (Baker,1992:68-70).

Therefore, to translate idioms translators should determine some strategies to be applied. The use of certain strategies depend on the context in which idioms are translated. Since it is difficult to translate idiom with idiom, a translator may use non idiomatic translation to convey the meaning of target language. Because there are many problems when dealing with idioms, the researcher focuses on measuring the equivalence of idiom translations found in J.K.Rowling’s Harry Potter and the Sorcerer’s Stone, also analyzing the strategies used to translate idioms in J.K. Rowling’s Harry Potter and The Sorcerer’s Stone.

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B. Problem Formulation

Based on the background presented previously, there are two problems to be analyzed, as follows:

1. What is the equivalence of the Indonesian translation of idioms in J.K Rowling’s Harry Potter and The Sorcerer’s Stone based on Nida’s category? 2. What are the strategies applied to translate English idioms in J.K. Rowling’s

Harry Potter and The Sorcerer’s Stone into Indonesian ones?

C. Objectives of the Study

Based on the problem formulation that has been mentioned, the objectives of the study is, first, to classify the equivalence of Indonesian translation of idioms in J.K. Rowling’s Harry Potter dan Batu Bertuah.

Second, to analyze the strategies applied in translation of English idioms in J.K. Rowling’s Harry Potter and The Sorcerer’s Stone in Baker’s category.

D. Definition of Terms

Idiomatic expressions, according to Peter Newmark in Approaches to Translation, are defined as phrases or word-groups whose meaning cannot be elicited from the separate meanings of each word of which they are formed. (Newmark,1916:125)

Equivalence, according to J.C. Catford in A Linguistic: Translation Theories; Translation equivalence occurs when a SL and a TL text or item are relatable to same features of substance (Catford, 1965:50). It means that the TL

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should carry the same message of the SL so that the meaning of SL is conveyed in the TL.

Translation strategies, according to Hans Peter Krings, are defined as translator’s potentially conscious plans for solving concrete translation problems in the framework of a concrete translation task (Krings,1986:18)

According to Venuti (1998:240) as stated in Encyclopedia of Translation Studies, indicates that translation strategies involve the basic task of choosing the foreign text to be translated and developing a method to translate it.

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CHAPTER II

REVIEW OF LITERATURE

This chapter covers three main parts : the review of related studies, the review of related theories, and the theoretical framework. The first part includes reviews of other studies which also discuss similar topic with this study. The second part includes some theories that will help in accomplishing the analysis. The theories used are theories about translations, including the strategies or the techniques, also theories of idioms.

A. Review of Related Studies

Idiom translations deal with the translator’s ability to recognize and interpret idioms because they are not always obvious. Therefore, in the study of translation the cultural background, translation strategies and translation in the target language becomes the main problems to be discussed. There are two related studies that are connected with those problems

The first is “Idiomatic Expressions Found in Avril Lavigne’s Song Lyrics and Their Meaning” by Lia Dewinta. The study is concerned with idioms especially those which are found in Avril Lavigne’s song lyrics. The thesis analyzes the forms and the meaning of idiomatic expressions found in the song lyrics by using descriptive analysis. The object of her study is some songs from the first and the third album of Avril Lavigne which consists of 7 songs. Those songs mostly contain idiomatic expressions. The title of the songs are : “Losing

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Grip”, “My World”, “Nobody’s Fool”, “I Can Do Better”, “I Dont Have to Try”, and “One of Those Girls”. She finds that idioms are classified into two categories, the fixed and non-fixed idioms. Besides, she also finds out that when learning the idiomatic expressions, the learners should not translate them literally because some idioms cannot be literally translated to get their meaning. (Dewinta, 2008)

Dewinta’s thesis has the same object which is idiomatic expression, but the differences lies on the focus on the meaning and the types of idiomatic expressions, while her’s focuses on the strategy and equivalence of the translation in novel.

The second is Nantang’s “Classification of Translation Strategies of Pure Idioms in the Translation of Pramoedya’s Rumah Kaca into House of Glass by Max Lane. The study discusses the equivalence of the applied strategies of pure idiom translations in House of Glass, the English translation of Rumah Kaca by Pramoedya Ananta Toer. In his study, Desidarius examines the applied strategies for translation of pure idioms in Rumah Kaca which are translated in House of Glass, also he classifies the applied strategies in terms of figurative and non figurative usages to explain the equivalence and elaborate Baker’s theory of translation strategy for idiom translation. The data of the study are concerned with pure idioms. He uses the comparative method which was comparing the data from one language to another language (Nantang,2010).

This study has the same object with Desidarius’ study which is idioms. Both of them are analyzing the applied strategies with the same method by using comparative method. The difference is Desidarius focuses on the translation

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strategies including the applied strategies in terms of figurative and non figurative while this study does not only focus on the applied idiom translation strategies but also focus on the equivalence of the idiom translations in Harry Potter and The Sorcerer’s Stone.

B. Review of Related Theories 1. Theory of Translation

Translation has been defined in many different ways by some writers and researchers in the field. According to Munday and Hatim (2004:3), translations defined in two senses, the first sense as a process and the second as a product. The first sense focuses on the role of the translator in taking the original or source text (ST) and turning it into a text in another language (the target text, TT). The second sense centres on the concrete translation product produced by translator. Besides, Nida and Taber (1974: 12) say that translating consists in the receptor language the closest natural equivalent of the source-language message, first in terms of meaning and secondly in terms of style. Bassnett (2002:34) also said that translation involves far more than replacement of lexical or grammatical items between languages. Once the translator moves away from close equivalence, the problems of determining the exact nature of the level of equivalence aimed for begin to emerge.

In this research, the kind of translation is idiomatic translations. Larson (1984:16) say that idiomatic translations use the natural forms of the receptor language, both in the grammatical constuctions and in the choice of lexical items.

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A truly idiomatic translation does not sound like a translation. It sounds like it was written originally in the receptor language.

From the definitions above, it can be concluded that translation involves two languages: the source language (SL) and the target language (TL) also translation is a process of reproducing the meaning of the SL into TL text. And the equivalence is the ‘central issue’ of translation studies which becomes the main discussion of this research.

2. Theory of Equivalence

One of the problems when translating idioms is finding the accurate equivalent.

According to Catford, translation equivalence occurs when a SL and a TL text or item are relatable to same features of substance (Catford, 1965:50). It means that the TL should carry the same message of the SL so that the meaning of SL is conveyed in the TL.

According to Vinay and Darbelnet as stated in Introducing Translation Studies they use the term “equivalence” to refer to cases where language describe the same situation by different stylistic or structural means (Vinay and Darbelnet, 1995:38-9;2004:134). From the definitions above, it can be concluded that equivalence is a case where SL and TL text carry the same meaning in the same circumstances but in the different style and structural means so that equivalence cannot be measured from their structure, but it can be measured through their

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meaning whether SL and TL are relatable or not. According to Nida, there are two types of equivalence defined as follows :

a. Formal Equivalence

Formal equivalence focuses attention on the message itself on both form and content. One is concerned that the message in the receptor language should match as closely as possible the different elements in the source language. (Nida, 1964a:159). It means that formal equivalence is a “gloss” translation. It has a close assessment to the ST structure which leads to the accuracy and correctness. b. Dynamic Equivalence

Dynamic, or functional, equivalence is based on what Nida calls’ the principle of equivalent effect’, where ‘the relationship between receptor and message should subtantially the same as that which existed between the original receptors and the message’ (Nida, 1964a:159). It means that dynamic equivalence focuses on the naturalness of the translation. To achieve the naturalness, the adaptations of grammar, lexicon, and of cultural references are needed.

For Nida, the success of translation depends above all on achieving equivalent response. It is one of ‘four basic requirements of translation’, which are a.) making sense; b.) conveying the spirit and manner of the original; c.) having a natural and easy form of expression; d.) producing a similar response. (Nida, 1964a:164)

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3. Theory of Idioms

Idioms, according to Peter Newmark in Approaches to Translation, are defined as phrases or word-groups whose meaning cannot be elicited from the separate meanings of each word of which they are formed. Idioms never translated word for word because they are either colloquial or slang, it is often difficult to find a target language equivalent with the same degree of informality.

An idiom or fixed expression may have no equivalent in the target language. The way a language chooses to express, or not express, various meanings cannot be predicted and only occasionally matches the way another language chooses to express the same meanings (Baker, 1992:68).

To determine the applied strategy used in translating idiomatic expressions, the understanding of idiom’s form is needed. Therefore the researcher using Fernando theory to classify the form of idioms. According to Fernando (1995:35-36), idioms can be grouped into three sub-classes :

a. Pure Idioms

A pure idiom is a type of conventionalized, non-literal multiword expression whose meaning cannot be understood by adding up the meanings of the words that make up the phrase. For example the expression spill the beans is a pure idiom, because its real meaning has nothing to do with beans.

b. Semi Idioms

A semi-pure, on the other hand, has at least one literal element and one with a non-literal meaning. For example Foot the bill (i.e. pay) is one example of a

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semi-idiom, in which foot is the non-literal element, whereas the word bill is used literally.

c. Literal Idiom

Literal idioms, such as on foot or on the contrary are semantically less complex than the other two, and therefore easier to understand even if one is not familiar with these expressions. These expressions may be considered idioms because they are either completely invariant or allow only restricted variation

From all the definitions above, it is clear that idiom is a phrase or sentence whose meaning is not predictable, and cannot be deduced from its constituent words, so that it must be learnt as a whole or unity.

4. Theory of Phrasal Verbs

According to Leech and Svartvik in A Communicative Grammar of English, phrasal verbs are defined as the combination of verb and adverb. (Leech and Svartvik, 1975:263). Quirk and Greenbaum (1973:348) say that the meaning of the combination cannot be predicted from the meanings of the verb and particle in isolation, for example catch on (=”understand”), give in (=”surrender”). Phrasal verbs also can take an object. The adverb can either come before or follow a noun object, for example:

a. they turned on the light or b. they turned the light on.

In some cases phrasal verbs with objects look identical to verbs followed by a prepositional phrase, for example:

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a. They ran over the bridge (=’crossed the bridge by running’). (Verb +Preposition)

b. They ran over the cat (=’knocked down and passed over’). (Phrasal Verb)

5. Theory of Translation Strategy

Translation strategy also can be described as translation techniques, for example Mona Baker uses the term techniques instead of strategies but the proposes are the same. Technique is a method of doing or performing something whereas strategy is a plan to accomplish a spesific goal.

According to Krings, translation strategies defined as translator’s potentially conscious plans for solving concrete translation problems in the framework of a concrete translation task (Krings, 1986:18).

Moreover, according to Venuti (1998:240) as stated in Encyclopedia of Translation Studies, indicates that translation strategies involve the basic task of choosing the foreign text to be translated and developing a method to translate it.

There are many translation strategies to translate a text. Every translator uses different strategies since people have different understanding of text. This -research uses Mona Baker’s theory of translation strategies to translate idiomatic expressions. Idioms, can be described as multiword expressions. It may have distinctive form but the meaning are the same.

According to Mona Baker (1992:72) these are some strategies that can be used to translate idioms

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a. Using an idiom of similar meaning and form

In the target language which conveys roughly the same meaning as that of the source-language idiom, and in addition, consist of equivalent lexical items (Baker,1992:72).

b. Using an idiom of similar meaning but dissimilar form

It is often possible to find an idiom or fixed expression in the target language which has a meaning similar to that of the source idiom or expression but which consists of different lexical items.(Baker, 1992:74)

c. Translation by paraphrase

This is by far the most common way of translating idioms when an equivalent cannot be found in the target language or when it seems inappropriate to use idiomatic language in the target text because of differences in stylistic preferences of the source and target language. (Baker, 1992:74)

d. Translation by omission

As with single words, an idiom may sometimes be ommited altogether in the target text. It is because it has no close equivalent in the target language, its meaning cannot be easily paraphrased, or for stylistic reasons (Baker, 1992:77)

C. Theoretical Framework

In this analysis there are two questions in problem formulation that will become the main discussion. The first question is about the equivalence of the Indonesian translation of idioms in J.K Rowling’s Harry Potter and The Sorcerer’s Stone and second is about the applied strategies to translate English idioms in J.K. Rowling’s Harry Potter and The Sorcerer’s Stone into Indonesian

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idioms in J.K Rowling’s Harry Potter and The Sorcerer’s Stone. The theories mentioned in the related theories will be used to answer all the questions in problem formulation.

Theories of idioms which explain about the definitions and characteristics of idioms will be used to answer both questions. These theories are useful because by understanding the definitions and characteristics of idioms, also with combined with the understanding of translation theories, the writer can analyze the translation of idiom in the novel. Also, by understanding the equivalence in translation helps the researcher answer the first question, measuring the equivalence of idiom translations in Harry Potter and The Sorcerer’s Stone. The theories of translation strategies or techniques used to define the strategies that applied in Harry Potter and The Sorcerer’s Stone novel.

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CHAPTER III METHODOLOGY

A. Areas of Research

The area of this research is from text analysis and the translation especially the target analysis. It focuses on the analysis of the target text and examines the various aspects which might be the cause of translation problems.

The analysis of translated texts involves the textual comparison of a translation with its original (William and Chesterman, 2002:6). This method of this study consists of data collection and data analysis.

B. Object of the Study

The main object of this study are idiomatic expressions in J.K Rowling’s novel Harry Potter and the Sorcerer’s Stone as the source text and Indonesian translation in Harry Potter dan Batu Bertuah as the target text. The two types of idiomatic expressions analyzed in this research are idioms and phrasal verbs.

C. Method of the Study

The library research is applied as the method of this study, which means that all the data used in this study were collected from written materials, such as dictionaries, novels, theses, journals, books of relevant theories and online references. The comparison method also used in this research in order to compare

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both data, which are idiomatic expressions from the source text and their translation so that the writer can analyzing the applied strategy and finding the equivalent between them.

D. Research Procedures

1. Types of Data

The data which are idiomatic expressions were taken from Harry Potter and The Sorcerer’s Stone as the source text and Harry Potter dan Batu Bertuah as the target text. The translated original novel was written by J.K Rowling and the Indonesian version was translated by Listiana Srisanti. The novel consists of 17 chapters and 309 pages, while the Indonesian version consists of 17 chapters and 384 pages translated by Listiana Srisanti.

There are 120 idioms found in both of Harry Potter and the Sorcerer’s Stone versions, English and Indonesian version. The data were put in the table and divided into two categories, idioms and phrasal verbs so that it is easier to identifiy the applied strategy in each phrase.

2. Data Collection

Firstly, the researcher started to read the theories about idioms/idiomatic expression in order to understand it as the data of this study so that s/he can identify and determine idioms in Harry Potter and The Sorcerer’s Stone (ST). Then, the researcher collected phrases or sentences that connected with idiomatic expressions in source text. The researcher also categorized the phrases into two

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types, idioms and phrasal verbs then put them into the table. The next step was comparing the data with their translation in Harry Potter dan Batu Bertuah (TT) so that there are two main data collected in this study, first is the phrases connected to idiomatic expressions in ST and second is their translation in TT.

3. Population and Sample

The population of this study are the phrases or sentences which contain idiomatic expressions in Harry Potter and The Sorcerer’s Stone. The total population size is 120 data. There are 12 data purposively selected from the population to be analyzed. They were chosen not based on the amount of data but to represent each form of those Indonesian translation of idioms. This sample selection is called internal sampling (Sutopo, 2002:55) because qualitative is concerned in this study.

4. Data Analysis

In order to make a good and valid research, the writer should have some steps to do the analysis to answer the problems and make the conclusion for the problems.

The first step is the researcherread some theories to understand about what idiomatic expression is. In this case, the idiom theories from Baker, Fernando Chitra, Newmark, Larson are used. These theories were used because from their interpretation about idioms, the researcher can identify and determine the pure idioms in Harry Potter and The Sorcerer’s Stone (ST), also to find out the

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categories of idioms. After that, the researcher consults Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary and Dictionary of Idiom.

Then, the researcher put all of the data (phrases or sentences of pure idioms in ST and their translation in TT) in the table in order to identify the equivalence and the applied strategies of idiom translations. The researcher classifies the equivalence of Indonesian translation of idioms by using Nida’s theory of equivalence.

Table 1.1. The Example of Equivalence Data Analysis

No.Data ST No.Data TT E

1/ST/SS/ I/4

Come to think of it, he wasn’t even sure his nephew was called Harry

1/TT/BB /P/11

Kalau dipikir-pikir lagi, dia malah tidak yakin keponakannya bernama Harry

in which,

1 : the number of the data in the population ST : Source Text

SS : the novel’s title Harry Potter and the Sorcerer’s Stone 4 : the page number of the novel

TT : Target Text

BB : the novel’s title Harry Potter dan Batu Bertuah

I : Idioms

P : Phrasal Verbs E : equivalence F : Formal equivalence

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D : Dynamic equivalence

The next step is to analyze the applied strategies used in those idiom translations by using Mona Baker’s theory of translation strategies for idioms. In this step the writer also preceded the table in each strategy like the example below Table 1.2. The Example of Applied Strategies Data Analysis

No.Data ST No.Data TT S

45/ST/SS/ P/307

Notes were handed out to all students, warning them not to use magic over the holidays

43/TT/B B/P/380

Pesan dibagikan kepada semua murid,

memperingatkan mereka agar tidak menggunakan sihir selama liburan

in which,

45 : the number of the data in the population 307 : the page number of the novel

S : translation strategy

1 : the code of Mona Baker’s translation strategy, the first type of Baker’s strategy

2 : the code of Mona Baker’s translation strategy, the second type of Baker’s strategy

3 : the code of Mona Baker’s translation strategy, the third type of Baker’s strategy.

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CHAPTER IV

ANALYSIS RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS

There are two sections of analysis in this study. The first section is to find out the equivalence of Indonesian translation of idiomatic expressions. There are 12 data samples to be analyzed based on Nida and Taber’s theory of equivalence. The second section discusses the applied strategies which is used to translate English idioms in J.K Rowling’s Harry Potter and The Sorcerer’s Stone. The translation strategies suggested by Mona Baker are used to determine the strategies applied in translating the idiomatic expressions.

A. The Equivalence of Idiomatic Expressions

In this first section the researcher focuses on analyzing the equivalence of idiomatic expression. According to Nida and Taber, there are two types of equivalence. There are formal and dynamic equivalence. Formal equivalence is when the target text has the closest meaning and same value with the source text at the level word or phrase. It focuses on the message itself, both of the content and the form. Formal equivalence has a close assessment to the ST structure which leads to the accuracy and correctness, while dynamic equivalence focuses on the naturalness of the translation. To achieve the naturalness, the adaptations of grammar, lexicon, and of cultural references are needed.

In this research, there are two types of idiomatic expressions to be analyzed.

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Based on the data, the idiomatic expression found in the source text Harry Potter and The Sorcerer’s Stone is divided into two types, idioms and phrasal verbs. Phrasal verb is the combination of verb plus adverb or preposition (particle). The meaning of these combination cannot be predicted from the meanings of the verb and particle in isolation(Quirk and Greenbaum (1973:348). Idiom is semantically like a single word but it does not function like one. A large number of idioms contain a verb and a noun, but although the verb may be placed in the past tense, the number of the noun can never be changed (Palmer 2001:80). The researcher narrows down the number of data into 5 idioms and 7 phrasal verbs so that the selected data can be analyzed in more detail. The samples of data are purposively chosen by the researcher to limit the data to be analyzed.

In order to answer the second problem of this research, the researcher classifies each selected data into two types of equivalence based on Nida and Taber’s theories. The following chart is the result of data classification of formal and dynamic equivalence.

Based on the data, there are 4 formal equivalence and 8 dynamic equivalence from total 12 selected data. It shows that the equivalence of idiomatic expressions translated in Harry Potter dan Batu Bertuah is mostly dynamic equivalence.

The further explanation of how Nida and Taber’s theories are applied is given as follows :

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1. The Formal Equivalence of Idiomatic Expressions

Formal equivalence is when the target text has the closest meaning and same value with the source text at the level word or phrase. It focuses on the message itself, both of the content and the form. Formal equivalence has a close assessment to the ST structure which leads to the accuracy and correctness

Data number 28

No. Data ST No. Data TT E

28/ST/SS/ P/207

He squeezed through it,holding his breath, trying not to move it, and to his relief he managed to get inside the room without their noticing anything

28/TT/BB/P /258

Dia menyelinap masuk, menahan napas,berusaha tidak menyenggol

pintu,dan betapa leganya ketika dia berhasil masuk tanpa Snape dan Filch menyadarinya

Holding has many meanings depends on the context. In the context above, holding refer to keep. Based on Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary it means keep something at the same level, rate, or speed,or keep something so that it can be used later. In the target text, “menahan” is from the word “tahan” which means in the state of steady, and “menahan napas” means to stop breathing for a few moments, so that “menahan napas” is the correct translation of idiom of holding breath.

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Data number 21

No. Data ST No. Data TT E

70/ST/SS/ P/235

"Isn't he beautiful?" Hagrid murmured. He reached out a hand to stroke the dragon's head.

70/TT/BB/P/ 292

“Cantik,ya?” Hagrid bergumam. Dia menjulurkan tangannya untuk membelai kepala naga

Based on Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary, the word reach in the context above means to stretch a hand toward something in order to touch it, pick it up or etc. “Mengulurkan” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia means to stretch a hand to touch something. The data is formal equivalence because both of them have similar meaning which is to stretch a hand in order to touch something, and also the translation was using a close assessment to the structure of ST. That is why in the TT the data is closely match and accurate with the meaning of the ST. Data number 49

No. Data ST No. Data TT E

49/ST/SS/298 Harry lay there, lost for words. Dumbledore hummed a little and smiled at the ceiling.

49/TT/BB/ 367

Harry terbaring diam, kehabisan kata-kata. Dumbledore

bersenandung kecil dan tersenyum ke arah langit-langit.

The definition of lost for words in Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary is to be so surprised, confused,etc, that you do not know what to say. Based on Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, “kehabisan” means “tidak ada yang tinggal lagi”

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or in English there is nothing left so that “kehabisan kata-kata” means that there is nothing left to say. This meaning is similar with the meaning of lost of words, which is dont know what to say. Lost itself according to Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary has many different definition depends on the context. In this case, lost refers to cannot be found or cannot be brought back. Due to that, lost for words similar with cannot find any words. The explanation of the content and also the structure of the data above shows that it has formal equivalence.

Data number 51

No. Data ST No. Data TT E

51/ST/SS/P/303 Hagrid looked too big to be allowed. He sat down next to Harry, took one look at him, and burst into tears.

51/TT/BB/P/374 Hagrid tampak terlalu besar. Dia duduk di sebelah Harry, memandangnya, lalu langsung menangis.

Burst into tears according to Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary, is suddenly began to cry. Burst itself based on Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary means to go or move somewhere suddenly with great force; to come from somewhere suddenly. In the TT, burst into tears translated into “langsung menangis” which has closest message with the data in ST. Based on Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, “langsung” means “terus (tidak dengan perantaraan, tidak berhenti, dsb)” or in English is straight (directly without intermediaries, does not stop). The definition of “langsung” and burst into have similar message, both of them is go or move somewhere suddenly, without intermediaries. Due to the explanation before, the form and content of both data are closely match.

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2. The Dynamic Equivalence of Idiomatic Expressions

Dynamic equivalence focuses on the naturalness of the translation. To achieve the naturalness, the adaptations of grammar, lexicon, and of cultural references are needed.

Data number 6

No. Data ST No. Data TT E

54/ST/SS/I/5 Mr.Dursley stood rooted to the spot. He had been hugged by a complete stranger

54/TT/BB/P/12 Mr.Dursley berdiri terpaku di tempatnya. Dia baru saja dipeluk oleh orang yang sama sekali asing.

According to Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary, rooted means fixed in one place; not moving or changing. “Terpaku” according to Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia it is defined as “berdiri tidak bergerak-gerak” (not moving). The data is dynamic equivalence because rooted is not literally translated into “berakar or berpancang”. Rooted in the context has idiomatic meaning which cannot be translated with literal meaning so that the translator adjust the meaning of the ST by using “terpaku”.

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Data number 18

No. Data ST No. Data TT E

18/ST/SS/P 41

But we're not telling you what was in there, so keep your noses out if you know what's good for you.

18/ST/BB/ P/77

Tetapi kami tidak akan

memberitahukan apa yang ada di sana. Jadi, lebih baik jangan ikut campur kalau anda tahu yang terbaik untuk Anda

Keep your noses out based on Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary means to try not become involved in things that do not concern you. “Ikut campur” is the synonym of “campur tangan” which based on Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia means “turut mencampuri (memasuki) perkara orang lain” or in English get into others business. Both keep your noses out and “ikut campur” are idioms so that they cannot be translated by “word-for-word”. The data has dynamic equivalence because the translator using the adjusment “campur tangan” to correspond the meaning of ST so that the meaning of the ST can be conveyed. .Data number 4

No. Data ST No. Data TT E

4/ST/SS/I/1 0

But that’s no reason to lose our heads

4/TT/BB /P/18

Tapi itu bukan alasan bagi kita untuk lupa diri

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sadar akan dirinya” (unconscious with her/himself). The meaning are similar because “lupa diri” interpreted the whole message of lose our heads, to behave irrationally is the same with nonsense, which related to “lupa diri”. The data has a dyanamic equivalence because the lose our heads is an idiom, while the translation in the TT is not an idiom. The ST cannot be translated with literal meaning, so that the translator uses “lupa diri” to achieve the meaning of the ST. Data number 26

No. Data ST No. Data TT E

26/ST/SS/ P/197

"Oh yeah, you're right," said Ron, tearing his eyes away from

Professor Flitwick, who had golden bubbles

blossoming out of his wand

26/TT/BB/ P/244

“Oh yeah, kau

benar”,kata Ron dengan susah payah

mengalihkan pandangannya dari Profesor Flitwick yang membuat gelembung-gelembung emas

bermunculan dari ujung tongkatnya

Tearing something away in Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary is defined as could not stop looking at someone or something; to take something away from somewhere. “susah payah mengalihkan pandangannya” as the adjusment to correspond the meaning of tearing something away. The data above has dynamic equivalence because the ST has idiomatic meaning which cannot be translated with literal meaning. Instead of using the literal translation like “merobek matanya” the translator uses “susah payah mengalihkan pandangannya” to correspond the meaning of the ST. Based on Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia,

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“susah payah” means “sangat sukar” (much effort), therefore “susah payah mengalihkan pandangan” means stop looking at someone with so much effort

Data number 36

No. Data ST No. Data TT E

89/ST/SS/ P/268

"Hanging around like this, people will think you're up to something. And Gryffindor

really can't afford to lose any more points, can it?"

89/TT/BB/P /333

“Kasak-kusuk” begini,orang-orang akan mengira kalian hendak berbuat sesuatu. Dan riskan sekali bagi Gryffindor kalau kehilangan angka lebih banyak lagi,kan?”

Hanging around based on Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary means to wait or stay near a place, not doing very much. Hang around usually translated into “berkeliaran” in Indonesian but in this case it becomes “kasak-kusuk”. “Kasak-kusuk” based on Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia means influencing others secretly with a specific purpose (usually done by whispering). In this context, Harry and his friends are about planning something and they are whispering to each other so that no one can hear them but suddenly Snape turns up. Due to the context explained above “kasak-kusuk” is more natural because it describes the detail of the situation of the context. If it was translated into “berkeliaran”, then the reader might think it means hanging around without any purpose.

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Data number 22

No. Data ST No. Data TT E

22/ST/SS/171 Professor Flitwick put the class into pairs to practice. Harry's partner was Seamus Finnigan (which was a relief, because Neville had been trying to catch his eye)

22/TT/BB/P/213

Profesor Flitwick membagi mereka

berpasang-pasangan untuk berlatih. Partner Harry adalah Seamus Finnigan (dia lega, karena Neville dari tadi sudah berusaha memberi kode dengan matanya)

The idiom catch his (someone) eye in Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary means to attract someone’s attention. According to Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia “kode” means “tulisan atau tanda yang disepakati untuk maksud tertentu”. Therefore “memberi kode dengan matanya” means giving a sign (to someone) which has same purpose to attract someone’s attention. The data has dynamic equivalence because the translation of the ST is not using literal meaning from the ST. By using “memberi kode dengan matanya” the meaning of the ST is conveyed.

Data number 23

No. Data ST No. Data TT E

20/ST/SS/ I/157

Harry took out his wand in case Malfoy leapt in and started at once. The minutes crept by. "He's late, maybe he's

20/TT/BB/I/ 197

Harry

mengeluarkan tongkatnya, siapa tahu Malfoy melompat masuk

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chickened out," Ron whispered.

dan langsung menyerang. “Dia terlambat, mungkin tidak berani

datang” bisik Ron.

Based on Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary, chicken out means decide not to do something because you are afraid. In the context Harry Potter and Ron are waiting for Malfoy, the person who they hate the most. They had promised to come up and do the dueling wizard with Malfoy but there is no sign that he will come. The data above has the dynamic equivalence because the translation is not just explain about being afraid of something, but it also explain the context in the story so that the meaning of the ST is more understandable.

Data number 29

No. Data ST No. Data TT E

29/ST/SS/218

"You've got to stand up to him, Neville!" said Ron. "He's used to walking all over people, but that's no reason to lie down in front of

him and make it easier."

29/TT/BB/271

“Kau harus berani menghadapinya, Neville!” kata Ron. “Dia terbiasa berbuat semena-mena terhadap orang lain, tetapi itu bukan alasan bagi kita untuk

menyerah dan tidak

menyulitkannya” D

According to English Idioms Dictionary, walk all over means to dominate a person or a group; to have a person take a submissive or inferior role. “Berbuat

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semena-mena” which is in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia defined as “sewenang-wenang; tidak berimbang”. The data above has dynamic equivalence because the ST is an idiom while the translation in TT is not an idiom. By using the word “sewenang-wenang” the message of the ST is become understandable, it conveys the message of ST i.e to have a person take a submissive or inferior role.

B. The Applied Strategies of Idiom Translations

One of difficulties in translating idioms is they may have no equivalent in the target language .Idioms have various meaning that cannot be predicted meanings and occasionally matches the way another language chooses to express the same meanings (Baker,1992:81). In this study, the researcher was using Baker’s strategy to determine the applied strategy in translating idiomatic expressions. According to Baker, there are four strategies that can be used to translate idioms. The first is by using an idiom of similar meaning and form, second is by using an idiom of similar meaning but dissimilar form, third is translation by paraphrase, and fourth is translation by omission.

The researcher classifies all the data into four strategies based on Baker’s theories. However, the strategy of translation by omission is not found in the research, therefore it does not listed on the chart.

The following chart is the classification of strategies applied in translating idiomatic expressions :

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0 2 4 6 8 10

Using an idiom of similar meaning and form

Using an idiom of similar meaning but dissimilar form Translation by paraphrase

Table 2.3. The Percentage of Strategies Applied in Translating Idiomatic Expressions

Based on the data in the chart above, the strategy which is the most widely used in translating idiomatic expressions in this research is translation by paraphrase. From 12 data selected, there are 9 data using the strategy of paraphrase, 2 data use an idiom of similar meeaning but dissimilar form, and 1 data uses an idiom of similar meaning and form.

The further explanation of how Baker’s theories are applied is given as follows :

1. Using an idiom of similar meaning and form

In this translation strategy, the target language conveys the same meaning as that of the source-language idiom and consists of equivalent lexical items. Data number 6

No. Data ST No. Data TT S

54/ST/SS/I/5 Mr.Dursley stood rooted to the spot. He had been hugged by a complete

stranger

54/TT/BB/P/12 Mr.Dursley berdiri terpaku di tempatnya. Dia baru saja dipeluk oleh orang yang sama sekali asing.

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Both of the data number 6 have similar meaning. According to Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary, rooted means fixed in one place; not moving or changing and “terpaku” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia is defined as “berdiri tidak bergerak-gerak”(not moving). Their forms are also similar as semi idioms idioms, because they have one literal element and one with non-literal meaning i.e stood as literal element and rooted as non-literal meaning as well as in the idiom “berdiri terpaku”. An idiom “berdiri terpaku” in Indonesian is from the same origin of an English idiom stood rooted to the spot.

2. Using an idiom of similar meaning but dissimilar form

In this strategy, the target language has a similar meaning to the source idiom or expression but consists of different lexical items.

Data number 4

No.Data ST No.Data TT S

4/ST/SS/1/I/0

But that’s no reason to lose our heads

4/TT/BB/P/18

Tapi itu bukan alasan bagi kita untuk lupa diri

Lose our heads/lose one’s head in English Idioms Dictionary means to behave irrationally or to lose one’s self-control, especially in a distressing situation. “Lupa diri” based on Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia means “tidak sadar akan dirinya” (unconscious with her/himself). The meaning are similar because “lupa diri” interpreted the whole message of lose our heads, to behave irrationally is the same with nonsense, which related to “lupa diri”. But both of

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them are in the dissimilar form, lose our heads is pure idiom while “lupa diri” is literal idiom.

Data number 18

No. Data ST No. Data TT S

18/ST/SS/I/141 But we're not telling you what was in there, so keep your noses out if you know what's good for you

18/ST/BB/P/177 Tetapi kami tidak akan

memberitahukan apa yang ada di sana. Jadi, lebih baik jangan ikut campur kalau anda tahu yang terbaik untuk Anda

Based on Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary the idiom keep your noses out means to try not become involved in things that do not concern you. “Ikut campur” which is the synonim of “campur tangan” according to Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia is defined as “turut mencampuri (memasuki) urusan orang lain” (being involved into someone’s business). Their meaning are similar because they are both defined as not being involved into someone’s business. They also have dissimilar form because keep your noses out is pure idiom (its meaning has nothing to do with noses) while “ikut campur” is literal idiom.

3. Translation by paraphrase

This translation is often used when an equivalent cannot be found in the target language or when it seems inappropriate to use idiomatic language in the target text because of differences in stylistic preferences of the source and target language.

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Data number 20

No. Data ST No. Data TT S

20/ST/SS/ I/157

Harry took out his wand in case Malfoy leapt in and started at once. The minutes crept by. "He's late, maybe he's chickened out," Ron whispered.

20/TT/BB/P /197

Harry mengeluarkan tongkatnya, siapa tahu Malfoy melompat masuk dan langsung menyerang. “Dia terlambat, mungkin tidak berani datang” bisik Ron.

Based on Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary, chicken out means decide not to do something because you are afraid. In the context, Harry Potter and Ron are waiting for Malfoy, the person who they hate the most. They had promised to come up and do the dueling wizard with Malfoy but there is no sign that he will come. Therefore, to adjust the translation of the ST the translator uses “tidak berani datang” in order to achieve the meaning of chickened out.

Data number 49

No. Data ST No. Data TT S

49/ST/SS/I/ 298

Harry lay there, lost for words. Dumbledore hummed a little and smiled at the ceiling.

49/TT/BB/ P/367

Harry terbaring diam, kehabisan kata-kata. Dumbledore

bersenandung kecil dan tersenyum ke arah langit-langit.

Lost for words according to Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary is defined as to be so surprised or confused that you do not know what to say. In Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, “kehabisan” means “sudah habis (terpakai atau terjual);kehilangan”. Therefore “kehabisan kata-kata” means there is nothing left

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to say. It used by the translator to conveys the meaning of the idiom lost for words because the meaning is similar with the idiom, although “kehabisan kata-kata” is not an idiom but it roughly corresponds to the the meaning of the idiom.

Data number 42

No. Data ST No. Data TT S

28/ST/SS/ P/207

He squeezed through it,holding his breath, trying not to move it, and to his relief he managed to get inside the room without their noticing anything

28/TT/B B/P/258

Dia menyelinap masuk, menahan

napas,berusaha tidak menyenggol pintu,dan betapa leganya ketika dia berhasil masuk tanpa Snape dan Filch menyadarinya

Holding has many meanings depends on the context. In the context above, holding refer to keep. Based on Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary it means keep something at the same level, rate, or speed,or keep something so that it can be used later. In the target text, “menahan” is from the word “tahan” which means in the state of steady, and “menahan napas” means to stop breathing for a few moments. Therefore, the translator uses “menahan napas” to correspond the meaning of the ST.

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Data number 29

No. Data ST No.

Data

TT S 29/ST/S

S/I/218

"You've got to stand up to him, Neville!" said Ron. "He's used to walking all over people, but that's no reason to lie down in front of

him and make it easier."

29/TT/ BB/P/2 71

“Kau harus berani

menghadapinya, Neville!” kata Ron. “Dia terbiasa berbuat semena-mena terhadap orang lain, tetapi itu bukan alasan bagi kita untuk menyerah dan tidak menyulitkannya”

According to English Idioms Dictionary, walk all over means to dominate a person or a group;to have a person take a submissive or inferior role. To correspond the meaning of walking all over the translator uses “berbuat semena-mena” which is in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia defined as “sewenang-wenang; tidak berimbang”, it conveys the message of ST i.e to have a person take a submissive or inferior role.

Data number 26

No, Data ST No.

Data

TT S 26/ST/S

S/I/197

"Oh yeah, you're right," said Ron, tearing his eyes away from Professor Flitwick, who had golden bubbles blossoming out of his wand

26/TT/ BB/P/2 44

“Oh yeah, kau

benar”,kata Ron dengan susah payah

mengalihkan pandangannya dari Profesor Flitwick yang membuat gelembung-gelembung emas

bermunculan dari ujung tongkatnya

Tearing something away in Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary is defined as could not stop looking at someone or something; to take something

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away from somewhere. The translator uses “susah payah mengalihkan pandangannya” as the adjusment to correspond the meaning of tearing something away. Based on Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, susah payah means “sangat sukar” (much effort), therefore “susah payah mengalihkan pandangan” means stop looking at someone with so much effort which carries the same meaning of ST. Data number 33

No. Data ST No. Data TT S

70/ST/SS/P/ 235

"Isn't he beautiful?" Hagrid murmured. He reached out a hand to stroke the dragon's head.

70/TT/BB/ P/292

“Cantik,ya?” Hagrid bergumam. Dia menjulurkan tangannya untuk membelai kepala naga

Data number 19

No. Data ST No. Data TT S

36/ST/SS/ P/268

"Hanging around like this, people will think you're up to something. And Gryffindor

really can't afford to lose any more points, can it?"

36/TT/BB/P /333

“Kasak-kusuk begini,orang-orang akan mengira kalian hendak berbuat sesuatu. Dan riskan sekali bagi Gryffindor kalau kehilangan angka lebih banyak lagi,kan?”

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Hanging around based on Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary means to wait or stay near a place, not doing very much. Hang around usually translated into “berkeliaran” in Indonesian but in this case it becomes “kasak-kusuk”. “Kasak-kusuk” based on Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia means influencing others secretly with a specific purpose (usually done by whispering). Due to the context that has been mentioned before, the translator uses “kasak-kusuk” as the translation of the ST to achieved the current meaning. “Kasak-kusuk” is more relatable to the context.

Data number 22

No. Data ST No. Data TT S

22/ST/S S/I/171

Professor Flitwick put the class into pairs to practice. Harry's partner was Seamus Finnigan (which was a relief, because Neville had been trying to catch his eye)

22/TT/BB/ P/213

Profesor Flitwick membagi mereka berpasang-pasangan untuk berlatih. Partner Harry adalah Seamus Finnigan (dia lega, karena Neville dari tadi sudah berusaha

memberi kode dengan matanya)

The idiom catch his (someone) eye in Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary means to attract someone’s attention. According to Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia “kode” means “tulisan atau tanda yang disepakati untuk maksud tertentu”. Therefore “memberi kode dengan matanya” means giving a sign (to someone) which has same purpose to attract someone’s attention. The paraphrase is used as the interpretation of the translator to adapt the message of the data in ST.

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Data number 52

No. Data ST No. Data TT S

51/ST/SS/I/3 03

Hagrid looked too big to be allowed. He sat down next to Harry, took one look at him, and burst into tears.

51/TT/BB/P/ 374

Hagrid tampak terlalu besar. Dia duduk di sebelah Harry,

memandangnya, lalu langsung menangis.

Burst into tears according to Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary, is suddenly began to cry. Burst itself based on Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary means to go or move somewhere suddenly with great force; to come from somewhere suddenly. In the TT, burst into tears translated into “langsung menangis” which has closest message with the data in ST. Based on Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, “langsung” means “terus (tidak dengan perantaraan, tidak berhenti, dsb)” or in English is straight (directly without intermediaries, does not stop). The definition of “langsung” and burst into have similar message, both of them is go or move somewhere suddenly, without intermediaries. Burst into tears is a literal idiom therefore the translator using “langsung menangis” as the translation of ST in order to adjust the meaning of the ST.

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CHAPTER V CONCLUSION

The aim of this research was to identify the equivalence of Indonesian translation of idioms and analyze the applied strategies in Harry Potter and The Sorcerer’s Stone. There were total 120 data found in the research and 12 data were selected to be analyzed.

In classifying idiomatic expressions into the types of equivalence, Nida and Taber’s theories were used in this research. There are two types of equivalence, they are formal and dynamic equivalence.

The result shows that from 12 selected data, there are 4 data were using formal equivalence and 8 data were using dynamic equivalence. Based on the data result, dynamic equivalence is the most widely used in the idiomatic translations of Harry Potter and The Sorcerer’s Stone.

Larson (1984:10) says that idiomatic translations use the natural forms of the receptor language, both in the grammatical constructions and in choice of lexical items, that it is why the dynamic equivalence are frequently used in the translation because it focuses on naturalness.

In the case of the applied strategies in idiomatic translations, Baker’s strategies were used. In this research there are three strategies used to analyze the applied strategies, first is using an idiom of similar meaning and form, second, is using an idiom of similar meaning but dissimilar form, third, is translation by paraphrase. The

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anything else is a dragon, and

a stranger turns up who just happens to have an egg in his pocket?”

B/P/328 dan tiba-tiba saja muncul orang asing yang kebetulan punya telur naga dalam kantongnya?” 84/ST/SS/

P/265

Harry sank down next to the bowl of peas.

84/TT/B B/P/329

Harry terenyak duduk di sebelah mangkuk kacang polong.

D 3

85/ST/SS/ P/265

"Hullo," he said, smiling. "Finished yer exams? Got time fer a drink?"

"Yes, please," said Ron, but Harry cut him off.

85/TT/B B/P/329

“Halo,”sapanya,terseny um.

“Selesai ujian?Ada waktu untuk minum?” “Ada,”kata Ron, tetapi Harry menyelanya.

D 3

86/ST/SS/ P/266

jus' play him a bit o' music an' he'll go straight off ter sleep --"

86/TT/B B/P/330

Mainkan saja musik, maka dia akan langsung tidur

F 3

87/ST/SS/ P/267

The books she was carrying tumbled out of her arms, but she didn't pick them up.

87/TT/B B/P/332

Buku-buku yang dibawanya berjatuhan dari tangannya, tetapi dia tidak memungutnya.

F 3

88/ST/SS/ P/268

She bent down and gathered up the fallen books.

88/TT/B B/P/332

Dia membungkuk dan mengumpulkan buku-bukunya yang jatuh.

F 3

89/ST/SS/ P/268

"Hanging around like this, people will think you're up to something. And Gryffindor

really can't afford to lose any more points, can it?"

89/TT/B B/P/333

“Kasak-kusuk begini,orang-orang akan mengira kalian hendak berbuat sesuatu. Dan riskan sekali bagi Gryffindor kalau kehilangan angka lebih banyak lagi,kan?”

D 3

90/ST/SS/ P/269

He strode off in the direction of the staffroom

90/TT/B B/P/333

Dia berjalan menuju ruang guru

F 3

91/ST/SS/ P/271

"Oh, come off it, you don't think we'd let

91/TT/B B/P/335

“Oh, tentu, mana mungkin kami

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you go alone?" membiarkanmu pergi sendiri?”

92/ST/SS/ P/276

Then he looked up at Ron and said, "If anything happens to me, don't follow.

92/TT/B B/P/342

Kemudian dia mendongak kepada Ron dan berkata,”Kalau terjadi sesuatu

padaku,jangan susul aku.”

F 3

93/ST/SS/ P/276

"I think we'll be able to pull the door open," said Ron, peering over the dog's back.

93/TT/B B/P/341

“Kurasa kita akan bisa membuka

pintunya,”kata Ron, melongok melewati punggung si anjing.

F 3

94/ST/SS/ P/277

He sat up and felt around, his eyes not used to the gloom.

94/TT/B B/P/342

Harry duduk dan meraba-raba, matanya belum terbiasa pada keremangan di situ.

D 3

95/ST/SS/ P/277

"Lucky!" shrieked Hermione. "Look at you both!" She leapt up and struggled toward a damp wall.

95/TT/B B/P/343

“Untung?!”jerit

Hermione.”Lihat kalian berdua!” Hermione melompat dan berusaha menuju dinding yang lembap

F 3

96/ST/SS/ P/277

Now she watched in horror as the two boys fought to pull the plant off them,

96/TT/B B/P/343

Sekarang dia

memandang ngeri pada kedua temannya yang berkutat melepaskan tanaman itu dari tubuh mereka

D 3

97/ST/SS/ P/278

"Oh, right!" said Hermione, and she whipped out her wand, waved it

97/TT/B B/P/344

“Oh,betul!” kata Hermione, dan dia mencabut tongkatnya, menggoyangkannya

F 3

98/ST/SS/ P/278

In a matter of seconds, the two boys felt it

loosening its grip as it cringed away from the light and

warmth.

98/TT/B B/P/344

Dalam beberapa detik saja, kedua anak laki-laki itu merasa belitan sulur-sulur itu

mengendur ketika tanaman itu menjauh ketakutan dari nyala terang dan kehangatan.

D 3

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99/ST/SS/ P/279

very vicious, but I suppose if

they all swooped down at once... well, there's no other choice... I'll run."

99/TT/B B/P/345

tidak berbahaya, tapi kalau menyerang bersamaan...yah,tak ada jalan lain.. aku mau lari”

100/ST/SS /P/282

The white queen smashed him to the floor and dragged him off the board,

100/TT/ BB/P/34 9

Si ratu putih membantingnya ke lantai dan menyeretnya ke luar papan.

F 3

101/ST/SS /P/286

I might be able to hold Snape off for a while,but I'm no match for him, really”

101/TT/ BB/P/35 4

Aku mungkin sanggup menahan Snape untuk sementara waktu, tetapi aku sama sekali bukan tandingannya”

F 3

102/ST/SS /P/286

Hermione's lip trembled, and she suddenly dashed at Harry and threw her arms around him.

102/TT/ BB/P/35 4

Bibir Hermione

bergetar dan mendadak dia berlari mendekati Harry dan memeluknya

D 3

103/ST/SS /P/287

"It's not poison?" said Harry

anxiously. "No -- but it's like ice."

"Quick, go, before it wears off."

103/TT/ BB/P/35 5

“Bukan racun?” tanya Harry cemas

“Bukan—tapi seperti es”

“Cepat, sebelum khasiatnya luntur”

D 3

104/ST/SS /P/288

Your friend Miss Granger accidentally knocked me over as she rushed to set fire to Snape at that Quidditch Match

104/TT/ BB/P/35 6

Temanmu, Miss Granger, tanpa sengaja menabrakku sampai jatuh ketika dia buru-buru mau mebakar jubah Snape dalam pertandingan Quidditch.

D 3

105/ST/SS /P/289

Snape, who already suspected me, went straight to the third floor to head me off

105/TT/ BB/P/35 7

Snape, yang sudah mencurigaiku, langsung naik ke lantai tiga untuk menghadangku

D 3

106/ST/SS /P/289

and not only did my troll fail to beat you to death, that three-headed dog didn't

106/TT/ BB/P/35 7

Dan bukan saja troll-ku gagal memukuli kalian sampai mati, si anjing kepala tiga bahkan

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even manage to bite Snape's leg off properly.

tidak berhasil

menggigit kaki Snape sampai putus.

107/ST/SS /P/289

Ropes sprang out of thin air and wrapped themselves tightly around Harry.

107/TT/ BB/P/35 7

Tiba-tiba seutas tali membelit leher Harry erat-erat.

D 3

108/ST/SS /P/290

"I saw you and Snape in the forest --" he blurted out.

108/TT/ BB/P/35 8

“Saya melihat Anda dan Snape di

Hutan..,’celetuknya

F 3

109/ST/SS /P/291

Since then, I have served him

faithfully, although I have let him down many times.

109/TT/ BB/P/35 9

Sejak saat itu aku melayaninya dengan setia, meskipun aku sering kali

mengecewakannya

F 3

110/ST/SS /P/294

"Seize him! SEIZE HIM!" shrieked Voldemort again, and Quirrell lunged, knocking Harry clean off his feet landing on top of him, both hands around Harry's neck –

110/TT/ BB/P/36 3

“Tangkap dia! TANGKAP DIA!” teriak Voldemort lagi dan Quirrell menerjang Harry sampai jatuh dan mendarat di atas

tubuhnya, kedua tangannya melingkari leher Harry--

D 3

111/ST/SS /P/295

Quirrell screamed and tried to throw Harry off

111/TT/ BB/P/36 4

Quirrell menjerit dan mencoba mengibaskan Harry

D 3

112/ST/SS /P/295

Quirrell rolled off him, his face blistering, too, and then Harry knew: Quirrell couldn't touch his bare skin,

112/TT/ BB/P/36 4

Quirrell berguling dari atas tubuh Harry, wajahanya uga

melepuh,dan Harry pun tahu: Quirrell tak tahan menyentuh kulitnya.

D 3

113/ST/SS /P/296

“Three days. Mr. Ronald Weasley and Miss Granger will be most relieved you have come round, they have been extremely worried."

113/TT/ BB/P/36 6

“Tiga hari. Mr Ronald Weasley dan Miss Granger akan lega sekali mengetahui kau sudah sadar, mereka sangat cemas”

D 3

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/P/297 time to pull Quirrell off you."

BB/P/36 6

waktunya untuk menarik Quirrell darimu...”

115/ST/SS /P/305

A storm of cheering and stamping broke out from the

Slytherin table.

115/TT/ BB/P/37 7

Gemuruh sorak dan entakan kaki terdengar dari meja Slytherin.

D 3

116/ST/SS /P/307

Notes were handed out to all students, warning them not to use magic over the holidays

116/TT/ BB/P/38 0

Pesan dibagikan kepada semua murid, memperingatkan mereka agar tidak menggunakan sihir selama liburan

F 3

117/ST/SS /P/308

A wizened old guard was up by the ticket barrier, letting them go through the gate in twos and threes so they didn't attract attention by all bursting out of a solid wall at once and alarming the Muggles.

117/TT/ BB/P/38 0

Seorang penjaga tua yang sudah keriput, berjaga di palang rintangan boks penjualan tiket,

mengatur mereka keluar berdua dan bertiga, agar tidak menarik

perhatian. Sebab kalau mereka semua serentak bermunculan dari tembok kokoh, tentu para Muggle akan kaget dan ketakutan.

F 3

118/ST/SS /P/309

"Oh, I will," said Harry, and they were surprised at the grin that was spreading over his face.

118/TT/ BB/P/38 2

“Oh,pasti

menyenangkan,” kata Harry,dan mereka heran melihat senyum yang merekah lebar di wajahnya

D 3

(6)

The translation of idiomatic expressions in J.K.Rowling`s Harry Potter and the Sorcerer`s Stone: a study on equivalence and translation strategies.

THE TRANSLATION OF IDIOMATIC EXPRESSIONS IN J.K.

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STONE:

A STUDY ON EQUIVALENCE AND TRANSLATION

STRATEGIES

THE TRANSLATION OF IDIOMATIC EXPRESSIONS IN J.K.

ROWLING’S HARRY POTTER AND THE SORCERER’S

STONE:

A STUDY ON EQUIVALENCE AND TRANSLATION

STRATEGIES

“What you are is God’s gift for you,

what you make of yourself is your gift to

God”

Carly Fiorina

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You are the bones of my spine, and

all the lovely words that I could possibly think of

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Dukungan

Links

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THE TRANSLATION OF IDIOMATIC EXPRESSIONS IN J.K.

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STONE:

A STUDY ON EQUIVALENCE AND TRANSLATION

STRATEGIES

“What you are is God’s gift for you,

what you make of yourself is your gift to

God”

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For my Mum,

You are the bones of my spine, and

all the lovely words that I could possibly think of

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RESEARCH FINDING AND DISCUSSION A Translation Analysis Of Independent Clause In Harry Potter And The Sorcerer’s Stone And Its Translation.

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