fixed Wireline network employee proile by educational background

c. Broadband network Backbone

The development of our broadband network was our primary focus in 2011 due to its key role as the infrastructure backbone of the Telkom as a whole. The backbone of our telecommunications network is made up of transmission, trunk switches and core routers that connect several access nodes. The transmission links between nodes and switching facilities include microwave, submarine cable, satellite, iber optic cable and other transmission technology. The following table shows our backbone transmission capacity as of December 31, 2010 and 2011: 2010 Capacity number of Transmission medium circuits E1 STM-1 STM-4 STM-16 STM-64 Terrestrial transmission network Optical iber cable 25,467 319 46 26 121 Microwave 4,566 16 - - - Submarine cable 2,368 37 7 - 10 Satellite transmission network 666 - - - - Total 33,067 372 53 26 131 2011 Capacity number of Transmission medium circuits E1 STM-1 STM-4 STM-16 STM-64 Terrestrial transmission network Optical iber cable 23,891 327 49 27 194 Microwave 4,456 16 - - - Submarine cable 2,245 37 7 - 14 Satellite transmission network 680 - - - - Total 31,272 380 56 27 208 Note: The backbone transmission unit uses E1, STM1 equivalent to 63 E1, STM4 equivalent to 4 STM1, STM16 equivalent to 4 STM4, and STM64 equivalent to 4STM16 units. Synchronous Transfer Mode “STM” is the unit typically used in backbone transmission networks. Facilitating broadband services requires a high capacity transmission network using nxSTM-1 units. E1 units are used to support legacy services. We operate the Telkom-1 and Telkom-2 satellites as well as 205 earth stations, including one satellite master control station. Our Telkom-1 satellite has 36 transponders, including 12 extended C-band transponders and 24 standard C-band transponders, while Telkom-2 has 24 standard C-band transponders. Both satellites are used for the following purposes: • Network backbone transmission; • Rural telecommunications services; • Back-up transmission capacity for national telecommunications networks; • Satellite broadcasting, VSAT and multimedia services; • Satellite transponder capacity leasing; • Satellite-based leased lines; and • Teleport earth station up linking and down linking service to and from other satellites. In addition to our two satellites currently in service, we lease transponders from other satellite providers, including 11 transponders from GE 23, two transponders from Apstar-1, two transponders from Sinosat and 10 transponders from JCSaT5a. We provide satellite transponder leasing, satellite broadcasting, VSAT, audio distribution, and terrestrial and satellite- based leased lines. Our customers include businesses and other telecommunications operators. Customers can enter into agreements that cover periods from several minutes to long-term contracts for one to ive years. The maximum annual tarif per transponder is US1.2 million, although in some instances we can ofer discounts for long-term customers. In anticipation of the growth in demand for satellite services and to support our business strategy with regard to providing TIME services, we signed a contract on March 2, 2009 for the procurement of the Telkom-3 Satellite System with a joint stock company, “Academician M.F. Reshetnev” Information Satellite Systems” ISS Reshetnev from Russia. PT Telkom Indonesia, Tbk. 2011 Annual Report Moving Forward Beyond Telecommunications With an investment value of some US200 million, the Telkom-3 satellite will give us an additional capacity of 42 active transponders, which is equivalent to 49 transponders with BW 36 MHz. The Telkom-3 Satellite is scheduled to be launched in the second quarter of 2012 and will consist of 24 Standard C-band transponders, 8 Extended C-Band transponders and 10 Ku Band transponders. The geographical coverage of the Telkom-3 Satellite will extend to Indonesia and ASEAN Standard C-Band, Indonesia and Malaysia Ext. C-Band and Indonesia Ku-Band. Of the Telkom-3 Satellite’s 42 transponders, 40-45, or around 20 transponders, will be for commercial use, with the remainder used to boost capacity for Telkom services. cellular network Our cellular services, which are operated by our subsidiary, Telkomsel, have the most extensive network coverage of any cellular operator in Indonesia. It currently operates on the GSMDCS, GPRS, EDGE and 3.5G networks. The GSM DCS network consists of 7.5 MHz of bandwidth on the 900 MHz frequency and 22.5 MHz of bandwidth on the 1,800 MHz frequency. Both networks operate as a single integrated dual band network. Telkomsel’s 3G network uses 10 MHz of bandwidth on the 2.1 GHz frequency. As of December 31, 2011, Telkomsel’s digital network was supported by 42,623 BTS with an overall network capacity capable of facilitating the communication needs of 107.0 million customers. data and Internet network We began operating data network services in 1997 and since then have progressively developed and expanded our network. As of December 31, 2011, our IP-based network covered 2,856 locations with 2,977 router nodes nationwide. We are committed to making continuous improvements in the speed and quality of the IP-based network. This network functions as the transport network for our high quality VPN, VoIP, dial-up and broadband internet services. We now have remote access servers in 117 locations with 167 nodes nationwide which are used for our “Telkom Net Instan” dial-up internet service and corporate dial-up internet services. We have been providing ixed line-based broadband internet access using ADSL technology since 2004 under the brand name “Speedy”. As of December 31, 2011, we had 1.8 million Speedy customers, representing growth of 8.5 from 1.6 million Speedy customers as of December 31, 2010. Since May 2008, Speedy had a speed of up to 3 Mbps. Telkomsel also provides a mobile broadband product under the brand name “Flash”. As of December 31, 2011, Telkomsel had 5.5 million Flash customers, representing growth of 45.7 from the 3.8 million customers as of December 31, 2010. International networks To route outgoing and incoming calls on our IDD service, “IDD-007”, we operate international gateways in Batam, Jakarta and Surabaya, which have reliable links to domestic networks. We have no plans to develop any further gateways at present. We have been improving our international network infrastructure primarily to meet capacity demands, improve reliability and eiciency and in support of our NGN-based infrastructure transformation. As part of the development of service nodes, we will use softswitches to support international services. Our international network is supported by a submarine communications cable system “SCCS”, the Dumai- Malaka cable system “DMCS”, and the Thailand- Indonesia-Singapore “TIS” system, as well as an indefeasible right of use, microwave-based border radio and satellite. To consolidate our international network and expand broadband services with a 40Gbps bandwidth capacity, Telin entered into the AAG cable consortium in April 2007 with an initial investment of US48 million for the development of the Batam-Singapore cable system “BSCS” to connect Batam with Singapore. In 2012, the AAG’s capacity will be upgraded to 120 Gbps for the main Singapore-Hongkong-US route. Our long-term plans include enhancing international access to eastern Indonesia as well as diversifying services and capturing business opportunities in South Asia, the Middle East and Europe. In addition to infrastructure expansion, we have entered into international telecommunications service agreements with a number of overseas operators to facilitate international call interconnections. Moreover, since we do not have agreements with telecommunications operators in all our IDD destinations, we have signed agreements with SingTel, Telekom Malaysia, Verizon, Belgacom, NTT, TIS, France Telecom and other operators under which they act as hubs and route international calls to certain destinations. As of December 31, 2011, we had entered into international telecommunications service agreements with 65 international operators in 26 countries, compared to 33 international operators in 20 countries as of December 31, 2010. We plan to enter into further international telecommunications service agreements with other operators for direct interconnections, targeting operators in the top 20 destinations for our outgoing IDD traic. PT Telkom Indonesia, Tbk. 2011 Annual Report Moving Forward Beyond Telecommunications