that this intelligence asks people to be able to know other people well and build close relationship with the society.
According to Campbell and Dee Dickinson 1996: 160, they are some characteristics possessed by people who have high degrees of interpersonal
intelligence, such as they are interested to interact with others. They perceive feelings, thoughts, motivations, behaviors, and lifestyles of others. They also
understand and communicate effectively in both verbal and nonverbal ways.
g. Intrapersonal Intelligence
Intrapersonal intelligence refers to the ability to understand oneself, to appreciate one’s feeling, fears and motivations Armstrong, 2000. It is the ability
to understand who they are. According to Campbell and Dee Dickinson 1996: 196, 231, they are
some characteristics possessed by people who have high degrees of intrapersonal intelligence, such as they like to attempt to understand inner experience. They also
like to work independently.
h. Naturalist Intelligence
Naturalist intelligence enables human beings to recognize, categorize
features of the environment Armstrong, 2000. It means that is related to understand the nature or surroundings. This intelligence makes human able to
classify and indentify animals and plants. People who developed their naturalist intelligence well exhibit specific
characteristics. First, they know about plants and animals. Second, they are able to classify the plants and animals. Third, they like to the nature in Suparno, 2004:
54. 17
i. Existential Intelligence
Existential intelligence enables people to answer problems about human’s existence Armstrong, 2000. It means that it includes ability to reflect about the
value of life. People who developed their existential intelligence well exhibit specific
characteristics. First, they like to reflect about human existence in this world. Second, they reflect what has been done in Suparno, 2004: 54.
5. Integrated Materials
According to Brown 2001: 234, the integration of four skills is “the only plausible approach within communicative and interactive framework”. It means
that the integration of four skills is the integration of listening, speaking, reading and writing skills.
Reading and listening are parts of receptive skills, while speaking and writing are parts of productive skills. There was a time when the
terms “passive” referred to “receptive skills” and “active” referred to “productive skills” Nunan, 2003: 24.
Integrated material is ”material that focuses on the mastery of integrated communicative skills rather than a mere mastery of the rules in target language”
Richard and Rodgers, 1988: 64. It means that the integrated material is designed for communicative competence. There is an integrated relationship or unity in
each part of its activities.
B. Theoretical Framework
In this part, the writer relates the theories reviewed above and describes the steps used in designing the instructional materials. The writer uses Kemp’s
18 PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
