The writer did not use all steps in R D cycle. The writer only used research and information collecting, planning, developing preliminary form of
product, preliminary field testing, and final product revision. The writer only used those steps because of the time limitation. This writer only designed the materials
not implemented the materials.
1. Research and Information Collecting
In this stage, the writer aimed to gain the information by using three ways; review of related literature, interview questionnaire. The first was review of
related literature. Review of related literature was gathered from library survey. The second was an informal interview. The writer conducted an informal
interview with the English extracurricular teacher of the fifth class of Kanisius Kalasan Elementary School. The informal interview was done to gather
information related to the need analysis of the students and to support the data. The third was questionnaire. The questionnaire was given to the students. The
purpose was to know the students’ needs. In other words, the writer conducted needs survey Yalden, 1987 in research and information collecting stage.
2. Planning
In this planning stage, the writer conducted the goals, topics and general purposes Kemp, 1977, formulated the learning objectives to be achieved
Kemp,1977, developed the syllabus Yalden,1987, specified the subject content Kemp, 1977,
and the educational philosophy. The content of the designed materials would be integrated materials of four basic skills; speaking, listening,
reading and writing. The writer would make materials as interesting as possible for the format of the design. It would be used to encourage students to learn and
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develop their interest but still considering the content of materials. In this study, the writer used Multiple Intelligences theory as the educational philosophy.
3. Developing Preliminary Form of Product
The writer made the preliminary form of the design by determining the teaching learning activities, resources, and intelligences being developed Kemp,
1977. The writer found the sources of the materials from many books and internet.
The writer also prepared the evaluation instruments, which were questionnaires.
4. Preliminary Field Testing
In this step, the writer distributed questionnaires to the English extracurricular teacher of Kanisius Kalasan Elementary School and two English
lecturers of the English Language Education Study Program of Sanata Dharma University. They were asked to give their opinions whether they agreed with the
designed materials or not. The writer also considered that to obtain valid feedback of the designed materials was not enough by only giving the questionnaires to the
respondents. The respondents were interviewed in order to criticize and to give feedback of the designed materials so the writer could revise the designed
materials. In other words, the writer conducted evaluation to the designed materials Yalden, 1987 in the preliminary field testing stage.
5. Final Product Revision
After the writer revised the preliminary form of the product based on the respondents’ feedback, and the data from the questionnaires, the writer obtained
the final designed materials. The final designed materials were given to Kanisius Kalasan Elementary School.
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B. Research Participants
In doing this study, the writer used two groups of participants. The first group was the fifth grade students of Kanisius Kalasan Elementary School. They
were the participants in research and information collecting stage. The writer used purposive sampling. There were two classes namely class V A and class V B. The
total numbers of students were 72 students. The second group was the English extracurricular teacher of Kanisius Kalasan Elementary School and two lecturers
of the English Language Education Study Program of Sanata Dharma University. They were participants in preliminary field testing stage.
C. Research Instruments
In order to obtain the data, there were two instruments in this study. They were questionnaire and interview checklist.
1. Questionnaire
A questionnaire was used to obtain data from appropriate respondents. In this study, the writer distributed two kinds of questionnaires. First was a
questionnaire that was used to collect data on students’ need. It was used in research and information collection stage. Second was a questionnaire that was
distributed to the English teacher of the fifth grade students of Kanisius Kalasan Elementary School and two lecturers of the English Language Education Study
Program of Sanata Dharma University. It was used in preliminary field testing stage and intended to figure out the respondents’ opinions of the designed
materials and to gain feedback for improvement. 24
According to Ary et al 1979:175, there were two types of questionnaires namely “structured or closed form” and “unstructured or open form”. In this
study, the writer used closed form questionnaire in gathering data of participants’ needs and open form questionnaire in gathering respondents’ evaluation on the
designed materials.
2. Interview Checklist
The writer conducted an informal interview with the English extracurricular teacher of Kanisius Kalasan Elementary School. The interview was conducted
before designing the materials to obtain additional information. Several additional information that were gained through interview were the students’ needs and
interest, the background and characteristics of the students, the teaching strategies and English learning, materials resources and evaluation, and problem faced by
the students.
D. Data Gathering Techniques
There are two important points in gathering the data. They are data gathering for the participants’ needs and data gathering for the evaluation.
1. Data Gathering for the Participants’ Needs
In gathering the data for the participants’ needs, the writer distributed questionnaires to the fifth grade students of Kanisius Kalasan Elementary School.
The writer also interviewed the teacher of English extracurricular activity of Kanisius Kalasan Elementary School to know further about the students’ needs.
2. Data Gathering for the Evaluation
In gathering the data for the evaluation of the designed materials, the writer distributed questionnaire to the English extracurricular teacher of Kanisius
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