accomplish certain goals or purposes Armstrong, 2000. It means that linguistic intelligence closely related to listening, speaking, reading and writing activity.
According to Campbell and Dee Dickinson 1996: 4, they are some characteristics possessed by people who have high degrees of linguistic
intelligence, such as they use listening, speaking, writing and reading to remember, communicate, discuss, explain, and persuade to others. They also listen
effectively what has been said, read effectively what has been read, speak effectively to a variety of audiences and write effectively to understand grammar,
spelling, and punctuation.
b. Logical-Mathematical Intelligence
Logical-mathematical intelligence involves the ability to analyze problems logically. This intelligence is also related to the usage of numbers and mathematic
thinking Armstrong, 2000. It means that logical-mathematic intelligence is closely related to activities to count, classify and categorize.
According to Campbell and Dee Dickinson 1996: 5, they are some characteristics possessed by people who have high degrees of logical-mathematic
intelligence, such as they are familiar with the concept of quantity, time, and cause and effect. They also think mathematically by gathering evidence, making
hypotheses, formulating models, and building strong arguments.
c. Spatial Intelligence
Spatial intelligence involves the potential to recognize and use patterns of wide area Armstrong, 2000. It means that spatial intelligence is related to
shapes, patterns and colors. According to Campbell and Dee Dickinson 1996: 97, they are some
characteristics possessed by people who have high degrees of spatial intelligence, 15
such as they learn by seeing and observing. They recognize objects, shapes, colors, and details. They also use visual image to get information and they enjoy
drawing, painting, sculpting, or otherwise reproducing objects in visible forms.
d. Bodily-Kinesthetic Intelligence
Bodily-kinesthetic intelligence is the ability to use mental abilities to coordinate body movements Armstrong, 2000. It means that the body
movements are used to express the ideas and feelings. According to Campbell and Dee Dickinson 1996: 68, they are some
characteristics possessed by people who have high degrees of bodily-kinesthetic intelligence, such as they explore the environment and objects through touch and
movements. They also enjoy learning experiences such as participating in role play, games, or physical exercises.
e. Musical Intelligence
Musical intelligence involves skill in the performance, composition, and appreciation of musical patterns Armstrong, 2000. It means that musical
intelligence closely related to melody, rhythm, and tone. According to Campbell and Dee Dickinson 1996: 135, they are some
characteristics possessed by people who have high degrees of musical intelligence, such as they listen and respond variety of sounds including the
human voice, environmental sound and music. They enjoy hearing music in the learning environment. They also develop the ability to sing or play an instrument
alone or with others.
f. Interpersonal Intelligence
Interpersonal intelligence is concerned with the capacity to understand the intentions, motivations and desires of other people Armstrong, 2000. It means
16 PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
