a. Children’s Ability to Grasp Meaning
Haliwell 1992: 3 states “that children can learn through intonation, demonstration, gesture, facial expressions, actions and circumstances to
understand the unknown words and phrases”. It means that the teacher should understand this point. When children encounter a new language, the teacher can
help them by using some points above. The teacher should understand the students’ difficulties in learning English. To help the students to grasp the
meaning of the English words, phrases or sentences, the teacher should be able to teach in various ways. It means that teaching English for children is not only by
teaching the linguistics aspect but also by revealing the real expressions or conditions.
b. Children’s Instinct for Play and Fun
Haliwell 1992: 6 states “that children have an enormous capacity for finding and making fun”. It means that the teacher should understand that the
children should be provided with materials and activities that can build children’s interests. One of the ways is by giving them games. Those statements related to
the interesting activities that should be given to the children when they learning English. By activating the students kinesthetic ability, hopefully children more
interested to learn English.
c. The Role of Imagination
Halliwell states that “children delight in imagination and fantasy” 1992: 7. It means that the teacher should accept the imagination in children’s life
because it can stimulate the children’s creativity so that they want to use the language to share their ideas. Children’s imagination is being a part of ways in
13 PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
learning language, in this case learning English. By giving materials which can build their imagination, the children can learn English easily.
d. The Instinct for Interaction and Talk
Halliwell states that “children’s capability for interact and talk is one of the most powerful motivators for using the language “ 1992: 8. It means that the
teacher should understand that children can learn the language, but the effective way to learn it is to use it. The teacher should be able to provide the materials and
activities that encourage children to talk and interact with others. It is important for children to learn English by building their ability in socializing and interacting
in their environment.
4. The Nature of Multiple Intelligences Theory
There are many experts who state about Multiple Intelligences. Some experts state that Multiple Intelligences consist of seven intelligences. Some state
that it consists of eight intelligences. There are also experts who said that it consists of nine intelligences.
Howard Gardner 1985 states that Multiple Intelligences consist of nine intelligences in Suparno, 2004: 19. The nine intelligences are linguistic
intelligence, logical-mathematical intelligence, spatial intelligence, bodily- kinesthetic
intelligence, musical
intelligence, interpersonal
intelligence, intrapersonal intelligence, naturalist intelligence, and existential intelligence.
a. Linguistic Intelligence
Linguistic intelligence involves sensitivity to spoken and written language. It also covers the ability to learn language, and capacity to use language to
14 PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
accomplish certain goals or purposes Armstrong, 2000. It means that linguistic intelligence closely related to listening, speaking, reading and writing activity.
According to Campbell and Dee Dickinson 1996: 4, they are some characteristics possessed by people who have high degrees of linguistic
intelligence, such as they use listening, speaking, writing and reading to remember, communicate, discuss, explain, and persuade to others. They also listen
effectively what has been said, read effectively what has been read, speak effectively to a variety of audiences and write effectively to understand grammar,
spelling, and punctuation.
b. Logical-Mathematical Intelligence
Logical-mathematical intelligence involves the ability to analyze problems logically. This intelligence is also related to the usage of numbers and mathematic
thinking Armstrong, 2000. It means that logical-mathematic intelligence is closely related to activities to count, classify and categorize.
According to Campbell and Dee Dickinson 1996: 5, they are some characteristics possessed by people who have high degrees of logical-mathematic
intelligence, such as they are familiar with the concept of quantity, time, and cause and effect. They also think mathematically by gathering evidence, making
hypotheses, formulating models, and building strong arguments.
c. Spatial Intelligence
Spatial intelligence involves the potential to recognize and use patterns of wide area Armstrong, 2000. It means that spatial intelligence is related to
shapes, patterns and colors. According to Campbell and Dee Dickinson 1996: 97, they are some
characteristics possessed by people who have high degrees of spatial intelligence, 15
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