Benefits of the Study

F. Definitions of Terms

In order to have a clear understanding of the study, the writer includes the definitions of some important terms. The definitions are as follows: 1. Instructional Materials Instructional materials are defined as a set of units that are used by teachers and learners as the focus of the discussion in the teaching learning process. It could help teachers and learners to organize the teaching and learning process and to provide a stimulus to learning Briggs, 1987. In this study, instructional materials refer to materials which are used to facilitate teaching and learning process. They allow the students to interact and focus on the discussion so that they could develop their speaking skill. 2. Speaking According to Clark and Clark 1977, speaking is an instrumental activity in which speakers talk in order to have some effects on their listeners. In speaking, a message is transferred from a speaker to a hearer. The speaker produces the message and the hearer receives the message. Speaking is considered accomplished when both the speaker and the hearer exchange their knowledge, thoughts and feelings. In this study, speaking is a productive skill used in order to convey meaning to make the listeners understand what the speakers mean. 3. Task According to Willis 1996, a task is a meaningful activity in which learners use the target language for communicative purposes in order to achieve a certain 6 outcome or goal, rather than to focus on the language form. In this study, a task is an activity that requires learners to use the target language in a meaningful way. 4. Task-based Learning Task based learning refers to a pedagogical approach derived from communicative language teaching approach, which utilizes the use of language tasks as the central key in learning Richards and Rodgers, 2001. In this study, task based learning is a method that uses tasks for learning. 5. The Staff of Bank Mandiri The staff of Bank Mandiri are defined as a group of Bank Mandiri employees whose positions are as the Security, Customer Service Officer, Teller, Financial Advisor and Branch Manager. 7