Needs analysis questionnaire Expert validation and user validation questionnaire

Table 3.3: Points of Agreement Points of Agreement Meaning 1 Strongly disagree with the statement 2 Disagree with the statement 3 Agree with the statement 4 Strongly agree with the statement The designed materials would be considered as an acceptable design if the central tendency for each statement in the questionnaire was between the scales of 3 to 4. After the distributed questionnaires were collected, the results were analyzed to find out how well the materials were developed. Formerly, the educational background and teaching experience of the expert validation and user validation’s participants were described and presented in Table 3.4 and Table 3.5. Table 3.4: The Form of the Description of Expert Validation Questionnaire Participants Groups of Respondents Educational Background Teaching Experience Sex D3 S1 S2 S3 1 1-5 5-10 10 M F Lecturers Table 3.5: The Form of the Description of User Validation Questionnaire Participants Groups of Respondents Educational Background Teaching Experience Sex D3 S1 S2 S3 1 1-5 5-10 10 M F Instructors To analyze the data of the first part of the questionnaire, the respondents’ agreement toward the given statements, central tendency was used. Central tendency, the trend of a set of numbers that clusters around a particular value, is a convenient way of summarizing data of nominal categories such as the Likert scale Brown Rodgers, 2002. In this study, the central tendency was measured using mean. Mean is the sum of all the values in a distribution divided by the number of values. It is used to find a single statistic that characterizes the entire set of numbers. The formula of calculating the mean can be seen below. X = ∑ x N Note: x = mean ∑ = sum of x = score N = number of participants After the central tendency of each statement was found, the data were presented in the format displayed in Table 3.6. Table 3.6: The Form of the Results of Expert and User Validation Questionnaire No. Respondents’ Opinions Frequency of Occurrence N Central Tendency 1 2 3 4 Mean Analyzing the data of the second part of the questionnaire, the essay questions, was done by summarizing and presenting respondents’ opinions, suggestions and criticisms into some paragraphs. The results of the preliminary field testing questionnaires were used as the feedback to revise the designed materials. F. Research Procedures The writer used some steps as the procedures of conducting the study. Those steps were:

1. Research and information collecting

This was obtained through distributing the needs analysis questionnaires to the staff of Bank Mandiri in Yogyakarta. It was done to collect information necessary for presenting the materials, namely: pre-assessment, learners’ characteristics and support services. The writer also searched for the theories on designing task-based materials.

2. Planning

This step was conducted in order to help the writer decide the goals, topics, general purposes, learning indicators, and organized learning topics and subject contents of the designed materials based on the results of the research and information collecting.

3. Developing preliminary materials

In this step, the writer designed the materials by selecting tasks and activities, as well as constructing guiding questions for students’ journals.

4. Conducting preliminary field testing

It was done through distributing the designed materials and the expert validation and user validation questionnaire to two English instructors of English for Specific Purposes of Global Lingua, Yogyakarta and two English lecturers of the English Language Education Study Program of Sanata Dharma University. It was meant to check the suitability and applicability of the materials and also to obtain feedback for the improvement of the materials.

5. Main product revision

The revision of the designed materials was based on the results of preliminary field testing. This step aimed to make some improvements on the materials designed by the writer. The revised materials then become the final version of the materials and are ready to be used.