NEMATODA (NEMATODES) NAMA ILMIAH/ SINONIM/ KLASIFIKASI/ NAMA

IV. NEMATODA (NEMATODES) NAMA ILMIAH/ SINONIM/ KLASIFIKASI/ NAMA

DAERAH SEBAR/ UMUM/

GEOGRAPHICAL SCIENTIFIC NAME/

DISTRIBUTION SYNONIM/ TAXON/

PATHWAY

COMMON NAME

Indonesia: Sumatera, Jawa, (Christie); (=Aphelenchoides

1. Aphelenchoides besseyi I: jika MP

Oryza sativa (padi, paddy biji, umbi,

Kalimantan (Selatan). oryzae

tidak

), Fragaria ananassa

daun,

Africa: Benin, Burkina Faso, =Asteroaphelenchoides

diproses

(stroberi, strawberry),

stolon,

Burundi, Cameroon, Central besseyi ); Aphelenchida:

II. jika MP

Oryza glaberrima (African batang,

African Republic, Chad, Aphelenchoididae; pucuk

Comoros, Congo, Ivory putih padi / rice leaf

Allium cepa (bawang

Coast, Egypt, Gabon, nematode, white tip

bombay, onion),

Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, nematode of rice, summer

Chrysanthemum

Kenya, Madagascar, Malawi, crimp nematode

morifolium (krisan,

chrysanthemum),

Mali, Nigeria, Senegal, Sierra Colocasia esculenta Leone, South Africa,

(talas, taro), Cyperus iria

Tanzania, Togo, Uganda,

(rice flatsedge), Digitaria

Zambia, Zimbabwe.

sanguinalis (large

America: Brazil, Cuba,

crabgrass), Dioscorea

Dominica, Dominican

(yam), Dioscorea trifida

Republic, Ecuador, El

(cushcush yam), Glycine

Salvador, Guadeloupe,

max (kedelai, soyabean),

Mexico, Panama, USA,

Hibiscus (rosemallows),

Hawaii

Ipomoea batatas (ubi

Asia: Afghanistan,

jalar, sweet potato),

Azerbaijan, Bangladesh,

Polianthes tuberosa

Cambodia, China, Georgia,

(tuberose), Zea mays

India, Iran, Japan, North

(jagung, corn), Oryza

Korea, South Korea,

breviligulata , Setaria

Kyrgyzstan, Laos, Malaysia, Kyrgyzstan, Laos, Malaysia,

Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan, Philippines, Singapore, Sri Lanka, Tajikistan, Thailand, Turkey, Uzbekistan, Vietnam. Europe: Bulgaria, Hungary, Italy, Russia, Slovakia, Ukraine Oceania: Australia, Cook Islands, Fiji, Papua New Guinea.

Indonesia: Jawa (Ritzema Bos) (Chriestie);

2. Aphelenchoides fragariae I: jika MP

Fragaria ananassa

biji, buah,

(Barat/Bogor, Banten, (=Aphelenchoides

tidak

(stroberi, strawberry),

bunga,

Sukabumi, DKI Jakarta) olesistus=A.olesistus var.

diproses

Lilium spp., Anthurium

batang,

America: Canada, Cuba, longicollis =A.pseudolesistus

II. jika MP

Rhododendron spp.

daun, umbi, Mexico, USA

=Aphelenchus fragariae

Asia: China, India, Israel, =A.olesistus =A.olesistus var.

(azaleas), Barleria

bagian

South Korea, Kirgyztan, longicollis =A.pseudolesistus) ;

cristata (philippine violet), vegetatif,

Japan, Turkey Aphelenchoididae; bud and

Begonia spp.,

pupuk

Europe: Belgium, Bulgaria, leaf nematode, fern

Chloranthus spicatus ,

kandang,

Denmark, Estonia, France, nematode, strawberry crimp

Hibiscus rosa –sinensis tanah

Germany, Hungary, Ireland, nematode, strawberry spring

(kembang sepatu, china-

Italy, Latvia, Moldovia, dwarf nematode

rose), Hosta spp.,

Hydrangea

Netherlands, Norway,

macrophylla (French

Portugal, Poland, Russia,

hydrangea), Maranta

Slovakia, Spain, Switzerland,

leuconeura (Banded

Sweden, Ukraine, UK

arrowroot), Peony,

Oceania: Australia, New

Pimpinella diversifolia ,

Zealand, Papua New Guinea

Primula sp., Psychotria nervosa , Rhododendron simsii (Sim's azalea),

Ruscus hypophyllum , Saintpaulia ionantha (African violet), Saxifraga spp.(saxifrage), Tolmiea menziesii (pick-a-back plant), Veronica arvensis (Corn speedwell), Viola odorata (English violet), Wulfenia carinthiaca, Andrographis paniculata (sambiloto, king of bitter plant) Cornus Canadensis (creeping dogwood), Ficus carica (ara, fig), Ficus macrophylla (moreton Bay fig), Lamium maculatum (Spotted deadnettle), Prunus persica (persik, peach), Anigozanthos sp., Allium ascalonicum (bawang merah, shallot), Allium sativum (bawang putih, garlic), Avena sativa (oat, oats), Ipomoea batatas (ubi jalar, sweet potato), Asplenium nidus (bird’s- nest fern), Capsella bursa-pastoris (shepherd's purse), Chenopodium

album (fat hen), Cobotium chamissoi, Erigeron annuus (annual fleabane), Ficus elastic (rubber plant), Western Sword- fern, Polygonum blumei (tufted knotweed (USA)), Pteris spp., Rorippa atrovirens , Senecio vulgaris , Solanum nigrum (black nightshade), Stellaria media (common chickweed), Ageratum conyzoides (babadotan), Acalypha lanceolata (pulus hayam), Oxalys sepium (calincing), Borreria sp., Lindernia sp. (gulma daun sirih), Pleocnemia sp.

Indonesia:Jawa, Kalimantan (=Anguillulina angusta

3. Ditylenchus angustus (Bul)l.;

I: jika MP

Oryza sativa (padi,

biji, bunga,

tidak

paddy, rice)

daun, bibit, (Selatan).

Asia: Bangladesh, India, angustus );Anguinidae; rice

=Tylenchus

diproses

Echinochloa colona

batang,

Malaysia, Myanmar, stem nematode, ufra disease

II. jika MP

(junglerice), Leersia

jerami,

diproses

hexandra (southern cut

tanah

Philippines, Thailand,

grass), Sacciolepsis

Vietnam.

interrupta

4. Globodera pallida (Stone)

Indonesia: JawaTengah Mulvey & Stone;

I: jika MP

Solanum tuberosum umbi, alat

(Dieng, Cilacap, (=Heterodera pallida);

tidak

(kentang, potato),

pertanian,

Banjarnegara); Jawa Barat Heteroderidae; white cyst

diproses

Lycopersicum esculentum pupuk

(Bandung), Jawa Timur nematode, pale potato cyst

II. jika MP

(tomat, tomato), Solanum organik,

diproses

melongena (terung,

tanah

(Batu, Malang) (Batu, Malang)

Africa: Algeria, Tunisia, nematode, potato root

eggplant)

America: Argentina, Bolivia, eelworm

Datura (thorn-apple),

Datura stramonium Canada, Chile, Columbia,

(kecubung, jimsonweed),

Costa Rica, Falkland Islands,

Hyoscyamus niger (black

Ecuador, Panama, Peru,

henbane), Lycopersicon

Venezuela, USA

pimpinellifolium (currant

Asia: India, Iran, Pakistan,

tomato), Oxalis tuberosa,

Turkey

Solanum acaule, Solanum

Europe: Austria, Belgium,

americanum, Solanum

Netherlands, Bosnia-

aviculare (kangaroo

Hercegovina, Bulgaria, Czech

apple), Solanum

Republic, Croatia, Cyprus,

cardiophyllum, Solanum

Denmark, France, Faroe

ehrenbergii, Solanum

Islands, Greece, Hungary,

gilo (gilo), Solanum

Ireland, Italy, Iceland,

indicum , Solanum

Germany, Latvia, Lithuania,

mauritianum (tree

Luxembourg, Malta,

tobacco), Solanum

Moldova, Norway, Poland,

marginatum (white-edged

Portugal, Romania, Serbia,

nightshade), Solanum

Spain, Slovenia, Sweden,

nigrum (black nightshade),

Switzerland, UK, Ukraine

Solanum oplocense,

Oceania: New Zealand.

Solanum quitoense (Narangillo), Solanum sarrachoides (green nightshade (UK)), Solanum scabrum, Solanum spegazzinii , Solanum aviculare, Solanum sarrachoides .

Indonesia: Jawa Barat (Wollenweber) Mulvey &

5. Globodera rostochiensis I: jika MP

Solanum tuberosum biji, umbi,

(Bandung), Jawa Tengah Stone; (=Heterodera scachtii

tidak

(kentang, potato),

akar akar,

(Banjarnegara), Jawa Timur solani = H. Scachtii

diproses

Lycopersicum esculentum tanah,

(Batu, Malang) Sulawesi rostochiensis =H.

II. jika MP

(tomat, tomato), Solanum umbi,

Selatan (Jeneponto, Gowa) Rostochiensis =

diproses

melongena (terung,

batang

Africa: Algeria, Egypt, Libya, Heteroderidae; nematoda

eggplant)

Sierra Leone, South Africa, sista (kentang) / golden cyst

Datura

stramonium (jimsonweed),

Tunisia.

nematode, potato golden

America: Bolivia, Canada, nematode

Lycopersicon

pimpinellifolium (currant

Chile, Colombia, Ecuador,

tomato), Solanum

Mexico, Panama, Peru, USA,

(nightshade), Solanum

Venezuela.

aviculare (kangaroo

Asia: Armenia, India, Iran,

apple), Solanum gilo (gilo),

Japan, Lebanon, Oman,

Solanum indicum (Indian

Pakistan, Philippines, Sri

Nightshade), Solanum

Lanka, Tajikistan, Turkey.

marginatum (white-edged

Europe: Albania, Austria,

nightshade), Solanum

Belarus, Belgium, Bosnia-

mauritianum (tree

Hercegovina, Bulgaria,

tobacco), Solanum nigrum

Croatia, Cyprus, Czech

(black nightshade),

Republic, Denmark, Estonia,

Solanum quitoense

Faroe Islands, Finland,

(Narangillo), Solanum

France, Germany, Greece,

sarrachoides (green

Hungary, Iceland, Ireland,

nightshade (UK))

Italy, Latvia, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Ukraine, UK, Scotland Oceania: Australia, New Zealand, Norfolk Island.

6. Hemicriconemoides

Indonesia: Jawa. mangiferae Siddiqi;

I: jika MP

Citrus spp. (jeruk,

akar, bibit,

Africa:Ivory Coast, Egypt, (=Hemicriconemoides

tidak

orange), Nephelium litchii bonggol,

Ghana, Nigeria, South Africa, birchfieldi ) Criconematidae;

diproses

(leci, lychee), Mangifera

tanah

II. jika MP

indica (mangga, mango),

Sudan.

sheath nematode

diproses

Musa spp. (pisang,

America: Brazil, Costa Rica,

banana), Zea mays

Cuba, Dominica, Ecuador,

(jagung, corn), rumput-

Grenada,Mexico, Peru, Saint

rumputan (Poaceae)

Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia,

Alnus (alders), Ananas

Trinidad and Tobago, USA,

comosus (nenas,

Venezuela.

pineapple), Artocarpus

Asia:Bangladesh, Brunei

heterophyllus (nangka,

Darussalam, China, India,

jackfruit), Artocarpus

Iran, Israel, South Korea,

integer (cempedak,

Oman, Pakistan, Philippines,

champedak), Anacardium

Saudi Arabia, Thailand,

occidentale (cashew nut),

Vietnam. Bambusa vulgaris Oceania:American Samoa,

(bambu, common

Fiji, New Caledonia, Papua

bamboo), Carica papaya

New Guinea, Samoa, Tonga.

(pepaya, papaya, papaw), Cocos nucifera (kelapa, coconut), Dimocarpus longan (longan tree), Eriobotrya japonica (loquat), Gossypium hirsutum (Bourbon cotton), Grewia asiatica (phalsa), Manihot esculenta (ubi kayu, cassava), Manilkara zapota (sawo, sapodilla), Persea americana

(avokad, avocado) Phoenix dactylifera (date- palm), Piper (pepper), Prunus armeniaca (aprikot, apricot), Psidium guajava (jambu biji, guava), Rosa (mawar, roses), Saccharum officinarum (tebu, sugarcane), Salix (willows), Theobroma cacao (kakao, cocoa), Umbellularia californica (California laurel), Vitis vinifera (grapevine), Zea mays (jagung, corn)

akar, umbi, Indonesia: Jawa, Sumatera (Ichinohe); Heteroderidae;

7. Heterodera glycines I: jika MP

Glycine max (kedelai,

tidak

soyabean)

bibit, pupuk (Lampung).

soyabean cyst nematode

diproses

Aeschynomene indica

organik,

Africa: Egypt.

II. jika MP

(Indian jointvetch), Beta

peralatan

America: Argentina, Brazil,

diproses

vulgaris (bit, beetroot),

pertanian,

Canada, Colombia, Ecuador,

Cajanus cajan (kacang

tanah

Paraguay, Puerto Rico, USA.

gude, pigeon pea),

Asia: China, India, Iran,

Fabaceae, Geranium,

Japan, South Korea, North

Kummerowia striata

Korea, Mongolia.

(Japanese lespedeza),

Europe: Italy, Russia

Lamium amplexicaule (henbit deadnettle), Lamium purpureum (purple deadnettel), Lespedeza cuneata

(sericea lespedeza), Lupinus (lupins), Lupinus albus (white lupine), Lycopersicon esculentum (tomat, tomato), Nicotiana tabacum (tembakau, tobacco), Penstemon, Phaseolus vulgaris (buncis, common bean), Pisum sativum (kapri, sweet pea), Sesbania exaltata (coffeebean (USA)), Stellaria media (common chickweed), Verbascum thapsus (Aaron's-rod), Vicia villosa, Vigna aconitifolia (moth beans), Vigna angularis (adzuki bean), Vigna mungo (black gram), Vigna radiata (mung bean)

8. Macroposthonia

Syzygium aromaticum akar, tanah Indonesia: Jawa, Sumatera onoensis ;Criconematidae;

I: jika MP

(Selatan, Lampung). ring nematode

tidak

(cengkeh, clove), Citrus,

diproses

Mangifera indica America: Trinidad, Tobago.

II. jika MP

(mangga, mango)

Asia: India.

diproses

9. Meloidogynegraminicola (Sled

I: jika MP

Oryzasativa (padi,paddy), akar, tanah

Indonesia:

ge&Golden)

Jawa(Yogyakarta, Whitehead;Meloidogynidae;ri

tidak

Poaceae (grasses),

ce rootknot nematode

II. jika MP

Allium cepa Africa:South Africa

diproses

(bawangbombai, onion),

America:Brazil,

Alopecurus (foxtails),

Colombia,USA

Ammania pentandra ,

Asia:Bangladesh,China,

Andropogon (beardgrass),

India,Laos,Malaysia,Myanma

Blumea, Brassica,

r,Nepal,

Brassica oleracea var.

Pakistan,Philippines,Singapo

capitata (kubis, cabbage),

re, Sri Lanka, Cynodon dactylon Thailand,Vietnam

(Bermuda grass), Cyperus imbricatus (shingle flatsedge), Cyperus procerus , Cyperus pulcherrimus , Cyperus rotundus (purple nutsedge), Digitaria filiformis (slender crabgrass), Echinochloa colona (junglerice), Echinochloa crus-galli (barnyard grass), Eleusine coracana (finger millet), Eleusine indica (goose grass), Fimbristylis complanata , Fimbristylis dichotoma (tall fringe rush), Fimbristylis littoralis (lesser fimbristylis), Fuirena glomerata , Glycine max (kedelai, soyabean), Grangea madraspatensis , Hordeum vulgare (barli, barley), Ischaemum

rugosum (saramollagrass), Ludwigia (waterprimrose), Monochoria vaginalis (pickerel weed), Panicum miliaceum (millet), Panicum repens (torpedo grass), Paspalum scrobiculatum (ricegrass paspalum), Phyllanthus urinaria (leafflower), Poa annua (annual meadowgrass), Ranunculus (Buttercup), Scirpus articulatus , Sorghum bicolor (sorgum, sorghum), Sphaeranthus, Sphenoclea zeylanica (wedgewort), Triticum aestivum (gandum, wheat), Zea mays (jagung, corn)

Actinidia chinensis akar, stolon, Indonesia: Jawa (Chitwood); Meloidogynidae;

10. Meloidogyne hapla I: jika MP

Africa: Algeria, Ivory Coast, northern root knot nematode

tidak

(Chinese gooseberry),

polong,

diproses

Arachis hypogaea umbi, tanah Egypt, Kenya, Libya, Malawi,

II. jika MP

(kacang tanah,

Morocco, Nigeria, South

diproses

groundnut), Beta vulgaris

Africa, Tanzania, Uganda,

var. saccharifera

Zimbabwe

(sugarbeet), Cichorium

America: Argentina, Brazil,

intybus (chicory), Daucus

Canada, Chile, Colombia,

carota (wortel, carrot),

Costa Rica, Ecuador, Fragaria ananassa Guatemala, Mexico, Panama,

(stroberi, strawberry),

Paraguay, Peru, Uruguay,

Glycine max (kedelai,

USA, Venezuela

soyabean), Lycopersicon

Asia: Armenia, China,

esculentum (tomat,

Taiwan, India, Iran, Israel,

tomato), Medicago sativa

Japan, Kazakhstan, South of

(alfalfa, lucerne),

Korea, Kyrgyzstan, Malaysia,

Pelargonium

Mongolia, Pakistan,

(Pelargoniums), Rosa

Philippines, Sri Lanka,

(Mawar, rose), Solanum

Taiwan, Tajikistan, Thailand,

tuberosum (kentang,

Turkey, Turkmenistan,

potato), Tanacetum

Uzbekistan cinerariifolium Europe: Belarus, Belgium,

(Phyretrum), Trifolium

Bulgaria, Bosnia and

(clover)

Herzegovina, Czech Republic,

Allium cepa (bawang

Estonia, Finland, France,

bombay, onion), Anemone

Germany, Greece, Hungary,

(windflower), Beta,

Italy, Latvia, Lithuania,

Brassica napus var.

Macedonia, Moldova,

napus (rape), Brassica

Netherlands, Norway,

oleraceae var. capitata

Poland, Portugal, Romania,

(kubis, cabbage), Cajanus

Russia, Slovakia, Spain,

cajan (kacang gude,

Switzerland, Serbia,

pigeon pea), Camellia

Slovenia, Croatia,

sinensis (teh, tea),

Montenegro, Ukraine, UK,

Capsicumanuum (bell

Serbia, Slovenia, Croatia,

peper), Chenopodium

Bosnia and Herzegovina,

quinona (quinona),

Montenegro, Macedonia

Chrysanthemum spp.

Oceania: Australia, New

(daisy), Coffea (kopi,

Zealand, Norfolk Island,

coffee), Cucumis (melon,

Papua New Guinea

melons, cucumbers, gerkins), Cyclamen,

Dianthus caryophillus (Carnation), Fabaceae (leguminous plants), Lactuca sativa (selada, lettuce), Linum usitatissimum (flax), Mentha (mints), Nicotiana tabacum (tembakau, tobacco), Olea europeae subsp. Europeae (zaitun, olive), Phaseolus (kacang, beans), Raphanus sativus (radish), Rubus (blackberry, raspberry), Sinapsis alba (white mustard), Solanum (nightsade), Vicia (vetch), Vitis vinifera (anggur, grapevine)

Indonesia: Sumatera (Aceh (Godfrey) Filipjev &

11. Pratylenchus brachyurus I: jika MP

Arachis hypogea (kacang

akar,

dan Sumatera Barat), Jawa. Schuurmans Stekhoven;

tidak

tanah, peanut), Ananas

polong,

umbi, tanah Africa: Cameroon, Ivory (=Pratylenchus pratensis);

diproses

comosus (nenas,

Coast, Egypt, Guinea, Kenya, Pratylenchidae; smooth

II. jika MP

pineapple), Zea mays

Madagascar, Malawi, Nigeria, headed nematode, root lesion

diproses

(jagung, corn), Glycine

South Africa, Togo, Uganda, nematode

max (kedelai, soyabean),

Solanum tuberosum Zimbabwe.

(kentang, potato),

America: Belize, Bolivia,

Camellia sinensis (teh,

Brazil, Canada, Costa Rica,

tea), Vigna cylindrica

Cuba, French Guiana,

(kacang panjang, long

Guatemala, Guyana, Mexico,

bean), Citrus spp. (jeruk,

Peru, Puerto Rico, USA,

orange), Coffea spp.

Hawaii, Venezuela

(kopi, coffee), Gossypium

Asia: Georgia, India, Israel,

hirsutum (kapas, cotton),

Japan, Malaysia, Oman,

Hevea brasiliensis (karet,

Pakistan, Philippines,

rubber tree), Dacryodes

Singapore, Sri Lanka,

edulis (kenari, African

Turkey, Vietnam.

pear), Nicotiana tabacum

Europe: Bulgaria, Russia.

(tembakau, tobacco),

Oceania: Australia, Fiji,

Oryza sativa (padi,

Tonga.

paddy),Persea Americana (avokad, avocado), Prunus persica (persik, peach), Saccharum officinarum (tebu, sugarcane), Theobroma cacao (kakao, cocoa).

12. Pratylenchus loosi Loof;

umbi, daun, Indonesia: Jawa (Barat) Pratylenchidae; rootlesion

I: jika MP

Camellia sinensis (teh,

Africa: Senegal. nematode, meadow

tidak

tea), Coffea spp. (kopi,

bibit,

America:North America (USA, nematode, Loos' root lesion

Florida), Central America nematode

II. jika MP

Abelmoschus moschatus stolon,

diproses

(okra, lady’s finger),

bonggol,

and Caribbean (Guadeloupe),

Citrus spp. (jeruk,

akar, tanah

South America (Chile)

orange), Cinnamomum

Asia: Bangladesh, China,

camphora , Convallaria

India, Japan, Iran, Sri

spp., Dioscorea spp.,

Lanka, Taiwan

Diospyros kaki (kesemek,

Europe:Bulgaria

persimmon), Fragaria

Oceania:American Samoa,

ananassa (stroberi,

Australia, New South Wales,

strawberry), Malus

Cook Islands

domestica ( apel, apple), Mangifera indica (mangga, mango), Musa paradisiaca (pisang

kepok, plantain), Pisum sativum (kapri, sweet pea), Poncirus trifoliata, Prunus avium, Pyrus communis ( pir, pear), Saccharum officinarum (tebu, sugarcane), Solanum tuberosum (kentang, potato), Sorghum bicolor (sorgum, sorghum), Vigna cylindrica (kacang tunggak, long bean), Zea mays (jagung, corn), Acacia deccurens, Alternanthera sessilis, Artemisia vulgaris, Cassia alata, Catharanthus roseus, Cestrum, Cymbopogon nardus, Cyperus, Cyperus rotundus, Grevillea robusta, Hibiscus rosa- sinensis, Imperata cylindrica, Panicum repens, Sesbania cannabina, Solanum nigrum, Tagetes, Tecoma stans, Tephrosia, Tithonia diversifolia

V. GULMA (WEEDS) NAMA ILMIAH/ SINONIM/ KLASIFIKASI/ NAMA UMUM/

DAERAH SEBAR/

GOLONGA

MEDIA PEMBAWA/

No SCIENTIFIC NAME/ N/ GROUP GEOGRAPHICAL

PATHWAY SYNONIM/ TAXON/ COMMON DISTRIBUTION NAME

Indonesia: Sumatera, Jawa Ensermu; (=Asystasia

1. Asystasia gangetica (Nees)

II Tanaman perkebunan (plantation

(Barat), Kalimantan (Timur, intrusa) ;Acanthaceae; chinese

crops), Elaeis guineensis (kelapa sawit,

oil palm), Hevea

Barat)

violet

brasiliensis (karet,rubber)

Africa: Daerah Tropis dan Sub Tropis. Asia: India, Sri Lanka, Malaysia, Singapore Oceania: Guam

2. Cuphea balsamona Cham. &

Indonesia: Sulawesi Tengah, Schltdl.; (=Cuphea

II Solanum tuberosum (kentang,potato),

Jawa Barat, Sumatera Barat carthagenensis ); Lythraceae;

Brassicaoleracea (cabbage),Daucuscarot

America: Argentina, Bolivia, sete sangrías, colombian

a (wortel,carrot), tanaman sayuran

Brazil, Colombia, Chile, wackweed

(vegetable crops)

Venezuela, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Paraguay, Peru, Uruguay, French Guiana, Central America, Southern USA Asia: China, Malaysia

3. Rivina humilis L.;(=Rivina

Indonesia: Jawa, Sumatera, laevis ); Phytolaccaceae;

II Tanaman perkebunan (plantation

crops)

Bali