BAKTERI (BACTERIA) DAN FITOPLASMA (PHYTOPLASMA)

VII. BAKTERI (BACTERIA) DAN FITOPLASMA (PHYTOPLASMA)

NAMA ILMIAH/ SINONIM/

DAERAH SEBAR/ KLASIFIKASI/ NAMA UMUM/ GOLONGA

GEOGRAPHICAL SCIENTIFIC NAME/ SYNONIM/ N/ GROUP

PEMBAWA/

HOST

DISTRIBUTION TAXON/ COMMON NAME

PATHWAY

1. Acetobacter aceti (Pasteur,

America: USA 1864) Beijerinck 1989

I Ananas comosus (nanas,

buah

Asia: Philippines (= Bacterium aceti Beij,

pineapple), Malus

Oceania: Australia Mycoderma aceti Pasteur)

domestica (apel, apple),

Pyrus communis (European

pink disease of pineapple

pear)

America: USA, Brazil, Willems et al

2. Acidovorax citrulli (Manns)

I Cucumis melo (melon,

biji, daun,

melon), Citrullus vulgaris

buah,

Costarica

(=Acidovorax avenae subsp.

Asia: Turkey, China, Japan, citrulli (Manns) Willems et

(semangka, watermelon),

batang,

Taiwan, Thailand al .=Pseudomonas avenae

Cucurbita maxima (waluh, bibit

Oceania: Australia, Guam, subsp. citrulli =

labu parang, pumpkin),

Northern Mariana Island P.pseudoalcaligenes subsp.

Cucumis sativus

(mentimun, cucumber) (mentimun, cucumber)

Africa: Ethiopia, Kenya, (Smith) Gilliset al.;

3. Burkholderia andropogonis I Zea mays (jagung, corn,

bunga,

Mauritania, Nigeria, Rwanda, (=Aplanobacter stizolobii

maize), Triticum aestivum

tunas,

South Africa, Sudan, Togo, =Bacterium andropogonis

(gandum, wheat), Sorghum jaringan

Uganda, Zambia, Zimbabwe. =B.stizolobii =B.woodsii

bicolor (sorgum, sorghum), meristem,

America: Argentina, Brazil, =Phytobacterium andropogonis

Dianthus spp. (anyelir,

tanaman

Canada, Colombia, Costa =P.Stizolobii =P.woodsii

carnation), Bougainvillea

hasil

spp. (bogenvil, bougenville), mikropropa Rica, Cuba, El Salvador, =Phytomonas andropogonis

Haiti, Honduras, Mexico, =P.stizolobii =P.woodsii

Trifolium repens (white

gasi, bibit

USA, Uruguay, Venezuela =Pseudomonas andropogonis

clover), Vicia sativa

Asia: China, Hongkong, Iraq, =P.andropogonis pv. Stizolobii

(common vetch), Ceratonia

Japan, Pakistan, Philippines, =P.stizolobii =P.woodsii);

siliqua (locust bean), Cicer

Thailand, Taiwan Burkhoderiales:

arietinum (chick paea),

Gypsophila paniculata Europe: Bulgaria, Hungary, Burkholderiacea;

Italy, Polandia, Portugal, bacterialstripe, striping

(baby’s breath), Limonium

sinuatum (sea pink),

Russia, United Kingdom Ruscus, Trifolium pratense Oceania: Australia, Federasi

(purple clover), Trifolium

Micronesia, New Zealand.

subterraneum (subterraneum clover), Tulipa (tulip), Vaccinium (blueberries), Simmondsia chinensis (jojoba), Dypsis lutescens (golden cane palm)

umbi, akar, Africa: Algeria. et al .; (=Pseudomonas gladioli);

4. Burkholderia gladioli Yabuuchi

I Gladiolus spp., Asplenium

America: USA Burkholderiales:

nidus (bird's nest fern),

batang,

Asia: China, Japan. Burkholderiacea;spot of

Crocus sativus (saffron),

daun,

Eustoma grandiflorum bunga,

orchids; soft rot of orchids;

(Lisianthus (cut flower

buahdan buahdan

crop), Orchidaceae

media

lisianthus; busuk umbi

(orchids), Poa annua

tanam

(annual meadowgrass).

America: USA, Canada subsp. nebraskensis(Vidaver &

5. Clavibacter michiganensis I Zea mays (jagung, corn,

biji, akar,

maize), Saccharum

batang,

Mandel) Davis et al.;

officinarum (tebu,

daun,

(=Corynebacterium

sugarcane), Sorghum bicolor bunga,

michiganense pv. nebraskensis

(sorgum, sorghum),

buah, bibit,

=C.michiganense subsp.

Sorghum sudanense ( Sudan tanaman

nebraskense

grass), Zea mexicana

hasil

=C.nebraskense); Actynomyceta

(teosinte)

mikropropa

les: Microbacteriaceae;bacterial

Triticum aestivum (gandum, gasi

stripe, freckles and wilt

wheat), Echinochloa crus- galli (barnyard grass)

6. Clavibacter michiganensis

Africa: Algeria subsp.sepedonicus(Spieckerma

I Solanum tuberosum umbi, biji,

America: Canada, USA, nn & Kotthoff) Davis et al.;

(kentang, potato)

media

Venezuela, Mexico, Costa (=Aplanobacter sepedonicus

Solanum lycopersicum

tanam,

Rica, Haiti, Panama, Peru =Bacterium sepedonicum

(tomat, tomato), Solanum

akar,

Asia: Afganistan, Cambodia, =Corynebacterium

melongena (terung,

batang,

China, Israel, Taiwan, Japan, michiganense pv. sepedonicum

eggplant), Lycopersicon

daun,

Kazakhstan, Korea, Lebanon, =C. michiganense subsp.

pimpinellifolium (currant

bunga,

Nepal, Pakistan, Turkey, sepedonicum =C.sepedonicum

tomato)

buah,

Uzbekistan, Vietnam, Asia =Mycobacterium sepedonicum

=Phytomonas sepedonica

Europe: Austria, Belarus, =Pseudobacterium

tanaman

Croatia, Cyprus, Czech, sepedonicum) ;

hasil

mikropropa Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Actynomycetales:

France, Germany, Greece, Microbacteriaceae; bacterial

gasi

Crete, Latvia, Lithuania, ring rot

Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Russia, Siberia, Sweden,

Ukraine, Belgia, Bulgaria, Hungaria, Irlandia, Italy, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Switzerland, United Kingdom

7. Curtobacterium

Africa: Mauritius, Tunisia, flaccumfaciens pv.flaccumfacien

I Glycine max (kedelai,

biji, buah,

soybean), Zea mays

batang,

Kenya

s (Hedges) Collins & Jones;

America: Brazil, Colombia, (=Bacterium flaccumfaciens =

(jagung, corn, maize), Vigna bibit,

USA, Venezuela, Canada, Corynebacterium

radiata (kacang hijau,

tanaman

mungbean), Vigna spp.

hasil

Mexico

flaccumfaciens pv.

(kacang panjang, cowpea), mikropropa Asia: Turkey

flaccumfaciens

Europe: Romania, Russia, =C.flaccumfaciens

Phaseolus coccineus gasi

Albania, Belgium, Bulgaria, =C.flaccumfaciens ssp.

(runner bean), Phaseolus

(planlet)

France, Germany, Greece, flaccumfaciens =Phytomonas

lunatus (lima bean),

Hungary, Italy, Netherland, flaccumfaciens =Pseudomonas

Phaseolus vulgaris (buncis,

Poland, Portugal, Russia, flaccumfaciens) ;

common bean), Zornia.spp.,

Serbia, Spain, Switzerland, Actynomycetales:

Ipomoea (morning glory),

Ukraine, Yugoslavia Microbacteriaceae; bacterial

Lablab purpureus (hyacinth

Oceania: Australia wilt

bean)

8. Dickeya chrysanthemi .

Africa: Algeria, Comoros, (= Erwinia chrysanthemi

I Chrysanthemum spp.,

umbi,

Congo, Cote d'Ivoire, Egypt, (Bulkholder, Mc. Fadden &

Araceae, Aglaonema, Aloe

batang,

Morocco, Reunion, South Dimock); =Erwinia carotovora

vera (lidah buaya), Allium

daun,

Africa, Sudan, Zimbabwe, f.sp. parthenii =E.carotovora

spp . (bawang-bawangan),

media

America: Aruba, Bolivia, f.sp. zeae =E.carotovora var.

Begonia , Brachiaria,

tanam

Brazil, Colombia, Costa Rica, chrysanthemi

Brassica oleraceae var.

(tanah)

Cuba, Ecuador, French =E.dieffenbachiae =E.maydis

botrytis (kol bunga,

Guiana, Guadeloupe, =E.paradisiaca=Pectobacterium

cauliflower), Dieffenbachia,

Guatemala, Guyana, Haiti, carotovorum f. sp.

Dianthus , Dracaena

marginata , Elettaria

Honduras, Jamaica,

Martinique, Panama, Peru, var. chrysanthemi

chrysanthemi =P.carotovorum cardamomum , Pelargonium

zonale hybrids, Petunia

Puerto Rico, Saint Lucia,

=P.carotovorum var.

United States of America, graminarum

hybridaPhilodendron,

Anggrek Vanda,

Venezuela

=P.chrysanthemi=P.chrysanthe Phalaenopsis. Asia: Bangladesh, China, mi pv. zeae =P.parthenii-

India, Iran, Japan, Korea dianthicola ); Enterobacteriales:

Aglaonema commutatum ,

Dem. People's Republic, Korea Enterobacteriaceae; busuk

Ananas comosus (nenas,

Republic, Malaysia, Nepal, kaki, bacterial wilt, bacterial

pineapple), Apium

Philippines, Saudi Arabia, Sri soft rot

graveolens (seladeri, celery),

Brachiaria mutica , Brassica

Lanka, Syria, Taiwan

oleracea var. capitata

Europe: Austria, Belarus,

(kubis, cabbage), Capsicum

Belgium, Denmark, Finland,

annuum (paprika, bell-

France, Germany, Greece,

pepper),

Hungary, Italy, Poland,

Dieffenbachiamaculata,

Portugal, Romania, Russia,

Dianthus spp.,

Serbia, Spain, Sweden, Lycopersicum esculentum Switzerland, United Kingdom

(tomat, tomato), Panicum

(England, Scotland).

maximum , Pennisetum

Oceania: Australia, Cook

purpureum , Philodendron

Islands, New Zealand, Papua

spp., Aechmea fasciata,

New Guinea, Solomon Islands

Anemone, Celosia argentea, Cichorium endivia (andewi, endevi), Cichorium intybus, Canna , Consolida ambigua, Cucumis melo (melun, melon), Colocasia esculenta (taleus, taro), Cynara scolimus (artichoke), Cyclamen , Dahlia pinnata, Daucus carota (wortel, carrot), Euphorbia pulcherrima , Helianthus annuus (bunga matahari, sunflower), Hyacinthus,

Imperata cylindrica (alang- alang, bedding grass), Ipomoea batatas (ubi rambat, sweet potato), Kalanchoe blossfeldiana , Lactuca sativa (selada, lettuce) Medicago sativa, Musa paradisiaca (pisang kepok, plantain), Musa textilis, Nicotiana tabacum (tembakau, tobacco), Oryza sativa (padi, paddy ), Paspalum, Parthenium argentatum , Phalaenopsis sp.Pyrus communis, Raphanus sativus (lobak, radish), Saccharum officinarum (tebu, sugarcane), Sedum spectabile , Saintpaulia ionantha , Solanum melongena (terung, eggplant) Solanum tuberosum (kentang, potato), Sorghum bicolor (sorgum, sorghum), Sweet potato, Syngonium podophyllum , Tagetes patula (French marigold)Tulip spp., Xanthosoma caracu , Zea mays (jagung, corn, maize)

9. Dickeya

I Pelargonium sp., Solanum

umbi,

Asia: China,

dadantii; Enterobacteriales:

America: USA, Honduras, Enterobacteriaceae;bacterial

tuberosum (kentang,

batang,

potato), Ananas comosus

daun,

Puerto Rico,

wilt and soft rot of ornamentals

Europe: Belgium, France, and potato

(nanas, pineapple),

media

Dianthus spp., Euphorbia

tanam

Germany, Italy, United

sp., Ipomoea batatas (ubi

(tanah)

Kingdom

jalar, sweet potato), Musa sp. (pisang, banana), Zea mays (jagung, maize), Philodendron sp., Sintpaulia sp.

10. Dickeya

I Dianthus spp, Solanum

umbi,

Asia: Japan,

America: USA, Enterobacteriaceae; slow wilt

dianthicola; Enterobacteriales:

tuberosum (kentang,

batang,

Europe: Belgium, Denmark, of Dianthus and potato

potato), Solanum

daun,

lycopersicum (tomat,

media

Finland, France, Germany,

tomato), Cichorium sp.

tanam

Greece, Italy, Jersey,

(Chicory), Cynara sp.

(tanah)

Netherlands, Poland,

(Artichoke), Dahlia sp.,

Romania, Sweden,

Hyacinthus sp., Iris sp.,

Switzerland, United Kingdom,

Kalanchoe sp.

Oceania: New Zealand

11. Dickeya

I Dieffenbachiae sp.,

umbi,

Asia: China,

dieffenbachiae; Enterobacteriale

America: USA, Honduras, s: Enterobacteriaceae

Solanum lycopersicum batang,

(tomat, tomato)

daun,

Puerto Rico,

media

Europe: Belgium, France,

tanam

Germany, Italy, United

(tanah)

Kingdom

America: Cuba, Guatemala, paradisiacal; Enterobacteriales:

12. Dickeya

I Musa sp. (pisang, banana) umbi,

Honduras, Jamaica, Panama, Enterobacteriaceae

batang,

daun,

Colombia, Venezuela

media

Oceania: Papua New Guinea

tanam (tanah)

13. Dickeya

Europe: Belgium, Finland, solani; Enterobacteriales:

I Solanum tuberosum umbi,

France, Poland, Netherlands, Enterobacteriaceae

(kentang, potato)

Africa: Israel

tanam (tanah)

14. Dickeya

Asia: China, India, Iran, zeae; Enterobacteriales:

I Zea mays (jagung, Maize),

umbi,

Japan, Korea Dpr, Korea Enterobacteriaceae

Solanum tuberosum batang,

(kentang, potato), Ananas

daun,

Republic Of, Malaysia,

comosus (nanas,

media

Philippines, Taiwan,

pineapple), Musa sp.

tanam

Africa: Comoros, Egypt,

(pisang, banana), Nicotiana (tanah)

Mauritius, Réunion, South

tabacum (tembakau,

Africa, Sudan, Zimbabwe,

tobacco), Oryza sativa

America: Usa, Costa Rica,

(padi, rice), Brachiaria sp,

Cuba, Honduras, Jamaica,

Chrysanthemum sp.

Panama, Puerto Rico, Brazil, Colombia, Guyana, Europe: France, Germany, Greece, Italy, Netherlands, Portugal, Russian Federation, Spain, Switzerland, United Kingdom, Oceania: Australia, Cook Islands, New Zealand

15. Erwinia amylovora (Burrill);

Africa: Egypt, Algeria, (=Bacillus amylovorus

I Malus domesticum ( apel,

tunas,

apple), Prunus dulcis

tanaman

Morocco

America: Bermuda, =Erwinia amylovora f.sp. rubi

=Bacterium amylovorum

( almon, almond), Prunus

hasil

mikropropa Guatemala, Mexico, USA, =Micrococcus amylovorus) ;

americana (aprikot,

apricot), Prunus cerrasus

gasi(planlet) Canada

Asia: Armenia, Iran, Israel, Enterobacteriaceae, fire blight

Enterobacteriales:

(ceri, cherry), Pyrus

, buah,

communis ( pir, pear),

bunga,

Jordan, Libanon, Turkey,

Prunus persica (persik,

daun,

Azerbajian, China, India, Iran, Azerbajian, China, India, Iran,

batang

Israel, Japan, Jordan, Korea,

Cydonia oblonga ,

Bibit, kayu Lebanon, Saudi Arabia, Syria,

Rubus spp., Sorbusspp.

Taiwan, Turkey, Vietnam, Asia Tenggara (South-east Asia) Europe: Albania, Austria, Belgium, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech, Denmark, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Macedonia, Moldova, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Romania, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, UK, Serbia, Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro, Macedonia. Oceania: New Zealand

America: North America (=Pectobacterium rhapontici

16. Erwinia rhapontici

I Rheum hybridum (rhubarb), biji, umbi

lapis, buah, (Canada), Mexico, USA (Millard 1924) Patel & Kulkarni

Triticum (wheat), Triticum

Asia: Iran, Israel, Jepan, 1951 =Erwinia carotovora var.

aestivum (gandum, wheat) bibit,

Korea, Malaysia rhapontici =Aplanobacter

Allium cepa (bawang

batang,

Europe: Belgium, Czech rhapontici = Bacillus rhapontici

bombay, onion), Allium

akar,

Republic and Slovakia, =Bacterium rhapontici

sativum (bawang putih,

planlet,

France, Italy (Sardinia), =Phytomonas rhapontici

garlic), Beta vulgaris var.

media

Lithuania, Netherlands, =Pseudobacterium rhapontici =

saccharifera (sugarbeet),

tanam,

Norway, Poland, Ukraine, UK Xanthomonas rhapontici) ;

Cichorium (chicory),

tuber,

(England, Wales) Enterobacteriales;

Cyclamen persicum corms,

Oceania: Australia Enterobacteriaceae; rhubarb

(cyclamens), Dianthus

rhizome

(carnation), Hippeastrum, (carnation), Hippeastrum,

Hyacinthus orientalis

cereal pink grain

(hyacinth), Solanum lycopersicum (tomat, tomato), Morus (mulberrytree), Morus alba (mora), Pisum sativum (kapri, sweet pea), Pyrus (pir, pears), Armoracia rusticana (horseradish), Amaranthus hybridus (smooth pigweed)

17. Erwinia tracheiphila (Holland)

Africa: DR Congo, South Smith; (=Bacillus tracheiphilus

I Cucumis sativus bunga,

(mentimun, cucumber),

daun, akar, Africa,

America: Canada, Honduras, f.sp. cucumis =Bacterium

Smith =Bacillus tracheiphilus

Cucumis melo (melon,

batang,

Peru, USA, New Mexico tracheiphilum =Erwinia

melon), labu, Cucurbita

bibit,

Asia: China, Iraq, Japan, amylovora var. tracheiphila);

maxima (waluh, labu

tanaman

Korea, Thailand, Iran, Taiwan Enterobacteriales: Entero

parang, pumpkin), Citrullus hasil

mikropropa Europe: Czech, Slovakia, bacteriaceae; bacterial wilt

vulgaris (semangka,

watermelon), Cucurbitaceae gasis

Lithuania, Russia.

lainnya

Oceania: Australia.

Vektor: Coleoptera, Chrysomeli dae: Acalymma vittata

Africa: Angola, Benin, Central rubrisubalbicans (=Pseudomona

18. Herbaspirillum

I Saccharum officinarum daun,

Africa, Ivory Coast, s rubrisubalbicans North. &

(tebu, sugarcane), Zea

batang

mays (jagung, corn, maize), Madagascar, Malawi, Smith; (=Bacterium

Sorghum halepense Mauritius, Nigeria, Réunion, rubrisubalbicans =

South Africa, Tanzania, =Phytomonas

(Johnson grass),

Sorghum bicolor (sorgum,

Burundi, Cote d’Ivore, Togo Burundi, Cote d’Ivore, Togo

America: Barbados, Brazil, rubrisubalbicans) ;

sorghum), Oryza sativa

Colombia, Guadeloupe, Pseudomonadales:

(padi, paddy)

Jamaica, Martinique, Pseudomonadaceae; mottled

Nicaragua, Peru, Puerto Rico, stripe, bacterialstripe

USA, Venezuela, Cuba, Panama Asia: Sri Lanka, China, Japan, Thailand Oceania: Australia, Fiji, New Zealand

19. Pantoea

Africa: Egypt, Burkina Faso, agglomerans (=Bacterium

I Ananas comosus (nenas,

buah,

Cameroon, Gabon, herbicola =B.typhiflavum

pineapple), Medicago sativa polong,

Madagaskar, Mali, Niger, =Corynebacterium beticola

(alfalfa, lucerne), Allium

akar,

Senegal, South Africa, Togo, =Enterobacter agglomerans

spp. (bawang-bawangan),

batang,

Vitis vinifera (anggur,

daun,

Tunisia

=E.agglomerans pv. millettiae

grapevine), Malus sylvestris bunga,

America: Barbados, Cuba,

USA, Costarica, El Salvador, pv. millettiae=E.lathyri

=Erwinia herbicola =E.herbicola (apel, apple), Pyrus

buah

Honduras, Nicaragua, =E.mangiferae =E.millettiae =E.

communis (pir, pear)

Abelmoschus moschatus Panama, Mexico, Colombia, vitivora =Flavobacterium

Bolivia, Equador, Venezuela herbicola =F.rhenanum

(okra, lady’s finger), Citrus

Asia: Israel, Japan, Saudi =F.trifolii =Kurthia baccarinii

spp. (jeruk, orange),

Arabia., Bangladesh, =Pantoea agglomerans pv.

Impatiens balsamina ,

Kambodia, China, India, millettiae =Phytomonas itoana

Lathyrus odoratus ,

Korea DPR (North Korea), =Pseudomonas herbicola

Solanum lycopersicum

Republic of Korea (South =P.itoana

(tomat, tomato), Manihot

Korea), Laos, Malaysia, =P.trifolii=Xanthomonas

esculenta (ubi kayu,

Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan, cosmosicola =X.indica =X.itoana

cassava), Mangifera indica

Philipine, Sri Lanka, =X.maydis =X.penniseti =X.

(mangga, mango), Oryza

Thailand, Vietnam rubrisorghi

sativa (padi, paddy ),

Europe: France, Germany, =X.tagetis=X.translucens f.sp.

Setaria italica , Vitis vinifera

(anggur, grapevine), Zea

Poland, Spain, UK., Italy,

oryzae =X.trifolii); mays (jagung, corn, maize),

Moldova, Poland

Enterobacteriales:

Oceania: New Zealand., Enterobacteriaceae; bacterial

Allium sativum (bawang

putih, garlic), Carthamus

Australia

grapevine blight, bacterial

tinctorius , Daucus carota

riceblight, pink disease of

(wortel, carrot), Glycine max

pineapple

(kedelai, soyabean), Gossypium hirsutum (kapas, cotton), Hordeum vulgare , Morus, Nicotiana tabacum (tembakau, tobacco), Saccharum officinarum (tebu, sugarcane), Solanum tuberosum (kentang, potato)

Africa: Nigeria, South Africa, 1928), Mergaert, 1931

20. Pantoea ananatis (Serrano,

I Ananas comosus (nenas,

tunas,

pineapple), Saccharum

buah, biji,

Zimbabwe

(= Pectobacterium ananas

America: Brazil, Guatemala, (Serrano) Patel & Kulkarni

officinarum (tebu,

batang,

Guyana, Haiti, Mexico, Puerto =Pantoea ananatis pv. ananatis

sugarcane), Cucumis melo

daun,

Rico, USA, Venezuela, New (Serrano) Mergaert et al.=

(melon, melon), Allium cepa tanaman

York, Argentina Erwinia uredovora Pon et

( bawang bombay, Onion),

hasil

Eucalyptus grandis (saligna mikropropa Asia: China, Taiwan, al.=Pantoea ananatis pv.

Malaysia, Philippines, India, uredovora (Pon et al.) Mergaert

gum), Eucalyptus nitens

gasi

(shining gum)

Eropa: Polandia = Bacillus ananas Serrano

Oryza sativa (padi, paddy),

Oceania: Australia =Bacterium ananas (Serrano)

Zea mays (jagung, corn),

Solanum lycopersicum

Burgvits =Chromobacterium

(tomat, tomato), sorghum

ananas (Serrano) Krasil'nikov

bicolor (sorgum, sorghum)

=Erwinia herbicola var. ananas (Serrano) Dye= Pectobacterium ananas (Serrano) Patel & Kulkarni =Erwinia ananas pv. uredovora ( Pon et al.) Dye =

Erwinia urediniolytica Borders =Xanthomonas uredovora =Pantoea ananas pv. ananas (Serrano) Mergaert et al. =Pantoea ananas pv. uredovora (Pon et al.) comb. Nov; Enterobacteriales: Enterobacteriaceae

Africa: South Africa aroidearum;Enterobacteriales:

21. Pectobacterium

I Zantedeschia aethiopica umbi,

(lilium, calla lily, arum lily) daun, akar,

Enterobacteriaceae

batang, tanah

22. Pectobacterium atrosepticum

Europe: Austria, Bulgaria, (Van Hall) Jennison; (=Erwinia

I Solanum tuberosum umbi,

daun, akar, Cyprus, Czech, Slovakia, caricae =Bacillus atrosepticus =

(kentang, potato),

Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Bacillus melanogenes

Euphorbia pulcherrima batang,

France, Germany, Greece, =B.phytophthorus =Bacterium

(poinsettia)

tanah.

Saccharum officinarum Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, atrosepticum =B.carotovorum

Lithuania, Malta, =B.carotovorum pv

(tebu, sugarcane),

Netherlands, Norway, Poland, atrosepticum =B.melanogenum

Brassicaceae, Allium

Portugal, Romania, Russia, =B.phytophthorum =Erwinia

ascalonicum (bawang

Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, carotovora =E.carotovora pv.

merah, shallot), Asparagus

UK, Serbia, Slovenia, Croatia, atroseptica =E.dahliae

officinalis (asparagus,

Bosnia and Herzegovina, =E.melonis =E.papayae

asparagus), Carica papaya

Montenegro, Macedonia., =E.phytophthora

(pepaya, pawpaw), Coffea

spp. (kopi, coffee), Cucumis

Yugoslavia

=E.phytophthorus

Asia: Azerbaijan, Bhutan, =Pectobacterium atrosepticum

sativus (mentimun,

cucumber), Daucus carota

China, India, Iran, Israel,

Japan, Kazakhstan, Libanon, pv atrosepticum =P.carotovorum

=P.carotovorum =P.carotovorum (wortel, carrot), Glycine max

Philippines, Turkey, Vietnam. pv carotovorum

(kedelai, soybean),

Africa: Algeria, Egypt, =P.phytophthorum =Erwinia

Helianthus annuus (bunga

Mauritius, Morocco, atroseptica =E.carotovora var.

matahari, sunflower), Iris

spp., Lycopersicum

Mozambique, South Africa, Mozambique, South Africa,

Tanzania, Tunisia, Zimbabwe. Enterobacteriaceae;blackleg

esculentum (tomat, tomato),

Musa spp. (pisang,

America: Argentina, Belize,

banana), Nicotiana tabacum

Bermuda, Bolivia, Brazil,

(tembakau, tobacco), Vigna

Canada, Chile, Colombia,

spp. (buncis, cowpea), Zea

Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominica,

mays (jagung, corn, maize)

French West Indies,

Allium cepa (bawang

Guadeloupe, Honduras,

bombay, onion), Consolida

Martinique, Mexico, Peru, St.

ambigua (rocket larkspur),

Lucia, Grenadines, Suriname,

Cyphomandra betacea (tree

Trinidad, Tobago, USA., Saint

tomato), Datura

Vincent and the Grenadines,

stramonium (jimson weed),

Venezuela

Phaseouls vulgaris

Oceania: Australia, New

(common bean), Saccarum

Zealand.

offiicinarum (sugarcane), Saintpaulia (African violet), Solanaceae, Iris (Irises), Lupinus (Lupin), Nicotiana glauca ( Tree tobacco), Nicotiana rustica (wild tobacco), Nicandra physalodes (apple of Peru)

America: USA (=

23. Pectobacterium betavasculorum

I Beta vulgaris var.

akar,

Sacharifera (Sugarbeet),

batang,

Erwinia carotovora subsp.

Solanum tuberosum daun,

Betavasculorum; =Erwinia

(kentang, Potato)

Enterobacteriace; sugarbeet rot

24. Pectobacterium

America: USA, Columbia, cacticida;Enterobacteriales:

I Opuntia spp. (Kaktus,

umbi,

cactus, cacti)

daun, akar, Guatemala

Enterobacteriaceae

batang, tanah

25. Pectobacterium

Asia: Japan, Malaysia wasabiae;Enterobacteriales:

I Eutrema wasabi (Wasabi), umbi,

daun, akar, America: Canada Enterobacteriaceae

Brassica oleracea var.

capitata (kubis, cabbage),

batang,

Ipomoea batatas (ubi jalar, tanah sweet potato), Solanum lycopersicum (tomat, tomato), Solanum melongena (terung, eggplant, aubergine), Solanum tuberosum (kentang, potato)

Africa: Burundi, DR Congo, phaseolicola

26. Pseudomonas savastanoi pv.

I Phaseolus acutifolius

Buah,

polong, titik Egypt, Ethiopia, Kenya, (Burkholder)Gardan et al.(=

(tepary bean), Phaseolus

Lesotho, Madagascar, Malawi, Pseudomonas syringae pv.

coccineus (runner bean),

tumbuh,

Mauritius (Rodriguez Island), phaseolicola =Pseudomonas

Phaseolus lunatus (lima

daun, biji,

Morocco, Mozambique, South phaseolicola = Pseudomonas

bean), Phaseolus vulgaris

batang,

bibit, bunga Africa, Rwanda, Swaziland, medicaginis = Pseudomonas

( buncis, common bean)

Tanzania, Uganda, Zambia, medicaginis var. phaseolicola

Cajanus cajan (pigeon pea),

Centrosema, Desmodium

Zimbabwe.

=Bacterium medicaginis var.

America: Central America & phaseolicola = Phytomonas

(tick clovers), Glycine max

Caribbiean (Barbados, Costa medicaginis var. phaseolicola

(kedelai, soyabean), Lablab

Rica, Guadeloupe, =Phytomonas puerariae =

purpureus (hyacinth bean),

Martinique, Saint Vincent and Pseudomonas medicaginis f.sp.

Pisum sativum (kapri, sweet

the Grenadines), North phaseolicola = Xanthomonas

pea), Pueraria var. lobata

America (Canada), Mexico, medicaginis var. phaseolicola =

(kudzu), Vigna angularis

USA, Hawaii, Argentina, Pseudomonas vignae =

(adzuki bean), Vigna

Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Phytomonas vignae =

radiata (kacang hijau,

mung bean), Vigna

Chile, Venezuela, Dominican

Bacterium puerariae =

Republic, Ecuador, Paraguay, Xanthomonas phaseolicola =

unguiculata (kacang

Peru, Uruguay, French Pseudomonas cerasi (=cerasus)

panjang, cowpea)

Guiana, Suriname, = Pseudomonas holci) ;

Asia: Georgia, India, Israel, Pseudomonadales;

Japan, Pakistan, Saudi Pseudomonadaceae; halo blight

Arabia, Turki, Yaman (of beans); grease spot (of

Europe: Austria, Belgium, beans)

Bulgaria, Czech Republic and Slovakia, Denmark, Frence, Germany, Greece, Serbia, Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro, Macedonia, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Jersey, Lithuaina, Netherlands, Poland, Romania, Russia (Russia (Europe), Spain, Sweeden, Switzerland, UK (Channel Islands) Oceania: Australia, Fiji, New Zealand

27. Pseudomonas syringae pv.

Africa: South Africa morsprunorum (Wormald) Young

I Prunus avium (sweet

buah,

America: North America et al. (=Pseudomonas mors-

cherry), Prunus domestica

bunga,

(Canada), USA prunorum = Agrobacterium

(plum), Prunus salicina

daun,

Asia: India, Japan, Libanon mors-prunorum = Bacterium

(Japanese plum)

batang,

Eroupe: Czech Republic, mors-prunorum = Phytomonas

Prunus cerasus (sour

kayu, dan

Czech Republic and Slovakia, mors-prunorum ;

cherry)

kulit kayu

Denmark, Finland, Belarus, Pseudomonadales;

Latvia, Lithuania, Estonia, Pseudomonadaceae; bacterial

Moldova, Armenia, canker of stone fruits;spot of

Azerbaijan, Georgia, stone fruits; shoot wilt of stone

Kazakhstan, Kyrgystan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgystan,

Uzbekistan, Ukraina, Russia, French, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Romania, Sweden, Serbia and Montenegro, Ukraine, UK, Switzerland Oceania: Australia

28. Pseudomonas syringae pv.

Africa: South Africa passiflorae (=

I Passiflora (passionflower),

daun,

America: Dominica Pseudomonas passiflora

Passiflora edulis (markisa, buah,

Oceania: Australia dan New (Reid) Young et al.);

Phytobacterium passiflorae (Reid) Magrou & Prévot; Phytomonas passiflorae Reid; Pseudomonas passiflorae (Reid) Burkholder); grease spot of passion fruit; necrotic spots

29. Pseudomonas

America: Ohio syringae pv.coriandricolaToben

I Coriandrum sativum

biji, bibit,,

(ketumbar, coriander),

batang,

Asia: India

Europe: Germany, Spain Pseudomonadaceae;blight,

& Rudolph; Pseudomonadales:

Petroselinum crispum

daun.

Oceania: Australia bacterial blight

( Parsley )

30. Pseudomonas syringae pv.

I Coffea spp. (kopi, coffee).

Tanaman

Africa: Kenya

America: Brazil (=P. garcae); Pseudomonadales:

garcae Teix. & Pinh.;

Solanum lycopersicum

hasil

(tomat, tomato), Solanum

mikropropa

Pseudomonadaceae;bacterialsp

tuberosum (kentang,

gasi

ot, bacterial blight of coffee

potato), Vigna spp. (kacang (planlet), panjang, cowpea),

bibit

Phaseolus vulgaris ( buncis, common bean), Citrus Phaseolus vulgaris ( buncis, common bean), Citrus

31. Pseudomonas syringae pv.

Africa: Algeria, Algeria, maculicola (McCulloch) Young

I Brassica oleracea capitata batang,

(kubis, cabbage), Brassica daun, akar, Mauritius, Mozambique, et al. ; (=Bacterium

South Africa, Zimbabwe maccullochianum =

rapa gongylodes (kohlrabi), batang,

America: Argentina, Bermuda, B.maculicola =B.maculicola var.

Brassica rapa sub sp. rapa daun,

Brazil, Karibia, Cuba, El japonicum =Phytomonas

(turnip, turnip), Brassica

bunga,

Salvador, North America, maculicola =Pseudomonas

juncea var. juncea, Brassica buah

Puerto Rico, Argentina, maculicola) ; Pseudomonadales:

nigra , Brassica oleracea

Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Pseudomonadaceae; pepper

var. viridis, Brassica

Chile, Venezuela, Dominican spot, spot

oleracea var. gemmifera,

Brassica rapa sub sp.

Republic, Ecuador, Paraguay,

pekinensis , Raphanus

Peru, Uruguay, French

sativus ( lobak,radish),

Guiana, USA, Canada

Brassica oleracea

Asia: China, Georgia

var.botrytis (bunga kol,

(Republic), Japan, Korea DPR

cauliflower), Brassica

(North Korea), Republic of oleracea var. italica Korea (South Korea), Turkey,

(broccoli)

Taiwan Europe: Bulgaria, Czech, Slovakia, Denmark, Finland, Serbia, Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro, Macedonia, Germany, Italy, Netherlands, Norway, Russia, Rusia, Ukraine, UK, Serbia, Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro, Macedonia, Yugoslavia Oceania: Australia, Palau, Micronesia, Fiji, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea

32. Pseudomonas syringae pv.pisi

Africa: Kenya, Malawi, (=Bacterium pisi= Chlorobacter

I Pisum sativum (kapri, sweet planlet,

Morocco, South Africa, pisi =Phytomonas pisi

pea), Lathyrus, Pisum

buah,

Tanzania, Zimbabwe =Pseudomonas pisi) ;

sativum var. arvense

bunga,

America: Argentina, Bermuda, Pseudomonadales:

Vicia benghalensis , Lablab daun,

Brazil, Canada, Colombia, Pseudomonadaceae; bacterial

purpureus , Lathyrus

tanaman,

batang, biji. Costa Rica, Ecuador, Mexico, pea blight

latifolius , Lathyrus

odoratus, Vicia spp.,

USA, Uruguay

Cynodon dactylon, Galium

Asia: Armenia, Georgia, India,

aparine, Reseda lutea,

Israel, Japan, Kazakhstan,

Digitaria sanguinalis,

Kyrgyzstan, Libanon, Nepal,

Lepidium campestre, Vicia

Pakistan, Syria

( vetch)

Europe: Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech, Denmark, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Caldarera, Sicily, Lithuania, Moldova, Netherlands, Portugal, Romania, Russia, Southern Rusia, Slovakia, Switzerland, Ukraine, UK (England, Wales), Serbia, Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro, Macedonia, Yugoslavia, Spain Oceania: Australia, New Caledonia, New Zealand

33. Pseudomonas syringae pv.

Africa: Algeria, Egypt, syringae ( van Hall) Young et

I Cucurbita maxima (waluh, biji, akar,

Ethiopia, Kenya, Lesotho, al .; (=Bacillus cerasi =B.gummis

labu parang, pumpkin),

batang,

Malawi, Morocco, South =B.matthiolae =B.spongiosus

Cyphomandra betacea (tree daun,

Africa, Tanzania, Tunisia, =Bacterium cerasi =B.cerasi

tomato), Lactuca sativa

bunga,

Uganda, Zimbabwe, var. prunicola =B.citrarefaciens

(l ettuce), Prunus avium

buah,

( Sweet Cherry), Pyrus (pir,

media

America: Argentina,

=B.citriputeale =B.gummis

Barbados, Brazil, Chile, El =B.hibisci =B.holci =

pear), Passiflora edulis

tanam

Salvador, Guatemala, B.nectalaphilum =B.prunicola

(passionfruit)

Honduras, Mexico, Panama, =B.rimaefaciens =B.spongiosum

Malus domesticum ( apel,

Puerto Rico, USA, Uruguay =B.syringae =B.trifoliorum

apple), Prunus spp., Vigna

Asia: Azerbaijan, China, =B.utiformica =B.vignae

spp. (kacang panjang,

Georgia, India, Iran, Israel, =B.vignae var. leguminophilum

cowpea), Syringa vulgaris,

Japan, Kazakhstan, Korea, =B.viridifaciens =Chlorobacter

Sorghum bicolor (sorgum,

Kyrgyzstan, Libanon, Sri syringae =Phytomonas cerasi

sorghum), Aconitum spp.,

Abelmoschus moschatus Lanka, Thailand, Turkey, =P.cerasi var. prunicola

(okra, lady’s finger),

Uzbekistan,

=P.citrarefaciens =P.citriputealis

Europe: Belarus, Belgium, =P.hibisci =P.holci =P.matthiolae

Vernicia fordii , Allium spp.,

Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech, =P.nectalaphila =P.prunicola

Alnus glutinosa , Arbutus

Slovakia, Denmark, Serbia, =P.rimaefaciens =P.spongiosa

spp., Aralia spp., Actinidia

Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia and =P.syringae=P.trifoliorum

deliciosa (kiwi, kiwi fruit),

Herzegovina, Montenegro, =P.utiformica =P.vignae

Atriplex hortensis , Beta

Macedonia, France, Germany, =P.vignae var. leguminophila

vulgaris var saccharifera

Greece, Hungary, Ireland, =P.viridifaciens =Pseudomonas

(bit gula, sugar beet),

Betula pendula , Brassica

Italy, Moldova, Netherlands,

Poland, Portugal, Romania, f.sp. pyri =P.cerasi var.

cerasi=Pseudomonas cerasi rapa subsp. pekinensis (pe-

Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, prunicola =P.cerasi var. pyri

tsai), Carthamus tinctorius,

Centaurea maculosa,

Ukraine, UK

=P.citrarefaciens =P.

Oceania: Australia, New citriputealis =P.hibisci

Erysimum cheiri,

Chrysanthemum indicum ,

Zealand

=P.oryzicola

Citrus spp.(jeruk, orange),

=P.prunicola=P.spongiosa

Cinnamomum camphora,

=P.syringae =P.syringae f.sp.

Calystegia sepium,

prunicola (Wormald)

Cyamopsis tetragonoloba ,

=P.trifoliorum =P.utiformica

Coffea spp. (kopi, coffee),

=P.vignae =P.vignae var.

Capsicum annuum

leguminophila =P.viridifaciens

(paprika, bell-pepper),

=P.syringae pv.

Cucumis sativus

japonica) ;Pseudomonadales:

(mentimun, cucumber),

Pseudomonadaceae; bacterial

Cucurbita , Cydonia

canker or blast (stone and

oblonga , Cyphomandra

pome fruits), bacterial brown

betacea, Dahlia pinnata ,

spot (beans), apoplexy of

Daphne odora , Desmodium

apricots, bacterial black spot,

spp., Diospyros kaki

bacterial eye spot,

(kesemek, persimmon),

bacterialspot, bacterial sheath

Echinochloa crusgalli,

rot, blast of Citrus, blister spot

Fortunella spp., Forsythia

of apple, peach-tree short-life,

intermedia , Fragaria vesca,

pear blossom blight

Glycine max (kedelai, soybean), Hibiscus spp., Hordeum vulgare (barli, barley), Impatiens balsamina , Juglans regia, Lactuca sativa, Lablab purpureus , Ligustrum ovalifolium , Solanum lycopersicum (tomat, tomato), Magnolia spp., Medicago sativa, Mangifera indica (mangga, mango), Matthiola incana , Musa paradisiaca (pisang kepok, plantain), Mucuna deeringiana , Nerium oleander , Nicotiana tabacum (tembakau, tobacco), Oryza sativa (padi, paddy), Panicum spp., Passiflora quadrangularis (markisa, passion- fruit, granadilla),

Persea americana (alpokat, avocado), Pennisetum spp., Philadelphus , Vigna angularis , Phaseolus spp., Pisum sativum (kapri, sweet pea), Piper nigrum (lada, blackpepper), Pinus radiata , Populus spp., Quercus spp., Rhododendron , Rosa spp. (mawar, rose), Rubus ursinus , Salix spp., Sorghum bicolor (sorgum, sorghum), Sorghum spp., Trifolium spp., Trigonella foenum-graecum , Triticum aestivum (gandum, wheat), Vaccinium sp., Vicia faba, Vicia villosa , Vigna cylindrica, Vitis vinifera (anggur, grapevine), Zea mays (jagung, corn, maize). Chenopodium quinoa (quinoa), Panax ginseng (Asiatic ginseng)

34. Pseudomonas syringae pv.theae

I Camellia sinensis (teh, tea) daun,

Asia: Japan

(Hori) Young et al. ; (=Bacillus

batang yang

theae =Erwinia theae

muda akar,

=Innominatus theae

theae); Pseudomonadales:

bunga,

Pseudomonadaceae; shoot

buah buah

Africa: Egypt, Kenya, (Burkholder); (= Bacterium

35. Pseudomonas viridiflava

I Actinidia deliciosa (kiwi,

biji, akar,

Morocco, Tanzania, Uganda, viridiflavum = Chlorobacter

kiwifruit), Allium cepa

batang,

(bawang bombay, onion),

daun,

Algeria

America: USA, Argentina, viridiflava); Pseudomonadales;

viridiflavus = Phytomonas

Anethum graveolens (dill),

bunga,

Brazil, Venezuela, Uruguay Pseudomonadaceae;bacterialbli

Apium graveolens (seledri, buah,

Asia: China, Iran, Japan, ght of tomato; Hydrangea bud

celery), Apium graveolens

media

Jordan, South Korea, Nepal, blight; bacterialnecrosis of

var. dulce (celery), Brassica tanam,

Turkey, Saudi Arabia basil; bacterial rot of lettuce;

spp., Capsicum annuum

bibit,

Europe: Belgium, Bulgaria, bacterial rot of Chinese

(paprika, bell pepper),

tanaman

Czech, Serbia, Slovenia, cabbage; bacterial soft rot of

Cucumis melo (melon,

hasil

mikropropa Croatia, Bosnia and tomato; bacterial blossom

melon), Cucumis sativus

Herzegovina, Montenegro, blight of kiwi

(mentimun, cucumber),

gasi

Cucurbita maxima (waluh,

Macedonia, France, Germany,

labu parang, pumpkin),

Greece, Hungary, Italy,

Hydrang ea (hydrangeas),

Macedonia, Netherlands,

Solanum lycopersicon

Poland, Portugal, Serbia-

(tomat, tomato)

Montenegro, Slovakia, Spain,

Actinidia chinensis (Chinese

Switzerland, UK, Yugoslavia,

gooseberry), Allium

Russia

fistulosum (Welsh onion),

Oceania: Australia, New

Brassica oleracea var.

Zealand.

botrytis (bunga kol, cauliflower), Brassica oleracea var. capitata (kubis, cabbage), Brassica oleracea var. gemmifera (Brussels sprouts), Calendulaofficinalis (Pot marigold), Capsicum

frutescens (cabai rawit, chilli), Carthamus tinctorius (safflower), Chrysanthemum indicum (krisan, chrysanthemum), Cichorium endivia (endives), Citrus aurantium (sour orange), Citrus macrophylla (alemow), Citrus sinensis (navel orange), Cyclamen persicum (cyclamens), Eschscholzia californica (california poppy), Euphorbia pulcherrima (poinsettia), Eutrema wasabi (Wasabi), Forsythia suspensa , Glycine max (kedelai, soyabean), Lablab purpureus (hyacinth bean), Lotus corniculatus (bird's- foot trefoil), Lupinus angustifolius (lupin), Medicago sativa (lucerne), Nicotiana rustica (wild tobacco), Papaver (poppies), Papaver nudicaule (Iceland poppy), Passiflora edulis (passionfruit), Pastinaca sativa (parsnip), Petroselinum crispum (parsley), Petunia hybrida, Phaseolus coccineus

(runner bean), Phaseolus lunatus (lima bean), Phaseolus vulgaris (buncis, common bean), Pisum sativum (kapri, sweet pea), Prunus armeniaca (aprikot, apricot), Prunus avium (sweet cherry), Pseudopanax , Pyruscommunis (European pear), Rosa (mawar, roses), Sorghum bicolor (sorgum, sorghum), Sorghum sudanense (Sudan grass), Tanacetum coccineum (common pyrethrum), Trifolium pratense (purple clover), Tropaeolum majus (common nasturtium), Vacciniumcorymbosum (blueberry), Vicia faba (broad bean), Vigna angularis (adzuki bean), Vigna unguiculata (kacang panjang, cowpea), Viola (violet), Vitis vinifera (anggur, grapevine), Zea mays (jagung, maize,corn), Zinnia elegans (zinnia)

36. Rathayibacter

Africa: Egypt:, Ethiopia, tritici (Hutchinson) Zgurskaya et

I Triticum aestivum ( gandum, biji, akar,

Zambia, Marocco. al .; (=Clavibacter tritici

wheat), Triticum dicoccum,

batang,

Asia: Afghanistan, China, =Corynebacterium

Triticum turgidum ( durum

daun,

India, Iran, Iraq, Pakistan michiganense pv. tritici =C.tritici

wheat)

bunga,

Europe: Cyprus =Agrobacterium tritici

Alopecurus (foxtails),

buah,

Oceania: Australia =Bacterium tritici =Phytomonas

Hordeum vulgare (barley),

tanah,

Lolium temulentum (darnel) media

tritici =P.tritici =Pseudomonas

tanam

tritici); Actynomycetales: Microbacteriaceae; spike

Vektor:

blight, tundu disease, yellow

Tylenchida,

ear rot, yellow slime disease,

Anguinidae:

yellow spike

Anguina tritici

37. Rhizobium vitis (Ophel & Kerr)

Africa: Tunisia Young et al. ; (=Agrobacterium

I Vitis vinifera ( anggur,

daun,

America: Brazil, Canada, USA biovar 3 =A.tumefaciens biovar

Asia: Afghanistan, China,

3 = A. vitis) ; batang, biji, Japan, Jordan, Korea Rhizobiales: Rhizobiaceae;

Europe: France, Greece, crown gall

tanah,

media

Hungary, Spain

tanam.

Oceania: Australia

Africa: Egypt: Tsunukura; (=Bacterium

38. Rhodococcus fascians (Zopt.)

I Asparagus densiflorus ,

daun,

America: Canada, Colombia, fascians =Phytomonas fascians

Begonia tuberhybrida,

planlet,

Mexico, USA, Guatemala =Pseudobacterium fascians

Erysimum cheiri,

akar,

batang, biji, Asia: India, Iran, Israel =Rhodococcus rubropertinctus

Chrysanthemum spp.,

Europe: Belgium, Czech, =Corynebacterium

Cucumis melo (melon),

tanah,

umbi lapis, Denmark, Estonia, France, fascians; Actinomycetales:

Dahlia pinnata, Dianthus

Germany, Hungary, Italy, Nocardiaceae; witches' broom

caryophyllus , Fragaria

umbi

Latvia, Netherlands, Norway, syndrome, ornamental

vesca (arbei, wild

(tuber),

Russia, Slovakia, Sweden, cauliflower disease, strawberry

strawberry), Fragaria

corms,

ananassa ( strawberry),

rhizomes,

Ukraine, UK, Poland Ukraine, UK, Poland

Oceania: Australia, New fasciation, tobacco leafy gall,

Freesia spp., Gloriosa spp., bibit

Lilium spp., Lathyrus

Zealand

leafy gall, fasciation

odoratus , Pelargonium

Vektor:

zonale , Triteleia spp.,

Hemiptera,

Brassica oleracea var

Aphididae:

botrytis (bunga kol,

Myzus

cauliflower), Brodiaea,

persicae, M.

Euphorbia, Fragaria, Hebe, ascalonicus Kalanchoe , Pisum sativum (kapri, sweet pea), Erysimum cheiri (wallflower), Chamaemelum nobile, Antirrhinum majus , Beta vulgaris (bit, beet root), Beloperone , Brassica spp., Buddleia davidii , Cichorium intybus , Cicer arietinum, Consolida ambigua , Capsicum annuum (paprika, bell-pepper), Crysanthemum vestitum , Casuarina equisetifolia , Dactura inosia , Dianthus barbatus, Euphorbia pulcherrima, Erysimum allionii, Forsythia suspensa, Gladiolus hybrids, Glycine max (kedelai, soyabean), Gypsophila paniculata, Hebe andersonii hybrids, Hyasinthus, Impatiens Euphorbia, Fragaria, Hebe, ascalonicus Kalanchoe , Pisum sativum (kapri, sweet pea), Erysimum cheiri (wallflower), Chamaemelum nobile, Antirrhinum majus , Beta vulgaris (bit, beet root), Beloperone , Brassica spp., Buddleia davidii , Cichorium intybus , Cicer arietinum, Consolida ambigua , Capsicum annuum (paprika, bell-pepper), Crysanthemum vestitum , Casuarina equisetifolia , Dactura inosia , Dianthus barbatus, Euphorbia pulcherrima, Erysimum allionii, Forsythia suspensa, Gladiolus hybrids, Glycine max (kedelai, soyabean), Gypsophila paniculata, Hebe andersonii hybrids, Hyasinthus, Impatiens

39. Spiroplasma citri (Saglio et. al).;

Europe: Cyprus, France, Entomoplasmatales:

I Citrus spp. (jeruk, orange), bibit

Pisum sativum (kapri, sweet Greece, Italy, Spain. Spiroplasmataceae; stubborn

Asia: Iran, Iraq, Israel, disease

pea), Trifolium pratense,

Vektor:

Trifolium repens, Vicia faba, Hemiptera, Jordan, Lebanon, Oman, Vinca rosea

Cicadellidae Pakistan, Saudi Arabia, Syria,

Armoracia rusticana

: Circulifer

Turkey, United Arab

(horseradish), Citrus

tenellus,

Emirates, Yemen.

aurantium (sour orange),

Scaphytopiu Africa: Algeria, Egypt, Libya, Citrus limon (lemon), Citrus s nitrides, S. Madagascar, Morocco, reticulata (mandarin), Citrus acutus

Somalia, Sudan, Tunisia.

reticulata x paradisi

delongi ,

America: Argentina, Brazil,

(tangelo), Citrus sinensis

Neoaliturus Mexico, Peru, Suriname, USA,

(navel orange), Citrus

haematocep Venezuela.

paradisi (grapefruit)

s. Oceania: New Zealand.

Amaranthaceae, Brassicaceae (cruciferous Amaranthaceae, Brassicaceae (cruciferous

Plantaginaceae, Plantago ovata (spogel plantain), Raphanus raphanistrum (wild radish), Sorghum halepense (Johnson grass)

America: Bolivia, Brazil, El (Whitcomb) Chen et al.;

40. Spiroplasma kunkelii I Zea mays (jagung, corn,

daun,

Salvador, Jamaica, Mexico, Entomoplasmatales:

maize), Zea mays subsp.

batang,

Peru, USA, Venezuela, Belize, spiroplasmataceae; corn stunt

mays (jagung manis,

akar

Guatemala, Honduras, disease, corn stunt

sweetcorn).

Nicaragua, Panama, spiroplasma, maize stunt

Zea mexicana (teosinte),

Vektor:

Zea perennis Hemiptera, Argentina

spiroplasma, Rio Grande corn

Cicadellidae

stunt

: Dalbulus maydis , D. eliminatus , Exitianus exitiosus,

Graminella nigrifons , Stirellus bicolor

41. Streptomyces ipomoeae (Person

America: USA & Martin) Waksman & Henrici;

I Ipomoea batatas (ubi jalar, umbi

Asia: Japan, Vietnam (=Actinomyces ipomoeae);

sweet potato)

(tuber/

Ipomoea spp.

Streptomycetes soil rot (pox),

akar,

soil rot, ground rot, sweet

tanah,

potato soft rot, sweet potato

media

soil rot, sweet potato pox

tanam, bibit

42. Tatumella citrea (=

Africa:Tanzania Pantoea citrea

I Ananas comosus (nanas,

buah,

America: Mexico, USA = Erwinia citreus Sonoyama et

pineapple)

polong

Asia: Japan, Philippines, al., 1988

Citrus reticulata (jeruk

mandarin, mandarin

Taiwan

pink fruit, pink disease of

Europe: Albania, Czech pineapple.

orange)

Republic Oceania: Australia

43. Xanthomonas arboricola pv.

Africa: South Africa, pruni (Smith) Vauterin, Hoste,

I Prunus armeniaca (aprikot, buah,

apricot), Prunus domestica daun,

Zimbabwe

Kersters & Swings

America: Central America & (=Xanthomonas pruni = Bacillus

(plum), Prunus dulcis

batang

Caribbean (Bermuda), North pruni = Bacterium cerasi wraggi

(almond), Prunus persica

America, Canada, Mexico, = Bacterium pruni =

(peach), Prunus salicina

USA, Argentina, Bolivia, Phytomonas cerasi wraggi =

(Japanese plum)

Brazil, Colombia, Chile, Phytomonas pruni =

Prunus avium (sweet

Venezuela, Dominican Pseudomonas cerasi wraggi =

cherry), Prunus cerasus

Republic, Ecuador, Uruguay, Pseudomonas pruni =

(sour cherry), Prunus

French Guiana Xanthomonas campestris pv.

japonica (Japanese bush

Asia: China, Taiwan, India, pruni ; Xanthomonadales;

cherry tree), Prunus mume

(Japanese apricot tree),

Iran, Japan, Korea DPR

Xanthomonadaceae; bacterial

(North Korea), Republic of canker of stone fruit; bacterial

Prunus (stone fruit), Prunus

Korea (South Korea), shot-hole of stone fruit;

laurocerasus (cherry laurel)

Lebanon, Pakistan, Saudi bacterial spot of stone fruit;

Arabia, Tajikistan bacterialspot of stone fruit;

Europe: Bulgaria, France black spot of stone fruit

(France [mainland]), Italy, Moldova, Romania, Russia

(Russian Far East, Southern Russia), Slovenia, Ukraine, Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Netherland, Romania, Slovakia, Spain, Switzerland Oceania: Australia, New Zealand

44. Xanthomonas axonopodis pv.

Africa: Sudan alfalfae

I Glycine max (kedelai,

daun,

America: Elsalvador, Common name: bacterial

soyabean), Lablab

batang,

Nicaragua, USA alfalfa spot

purpureus (hyacinth bean), tanaman

Medicago sativa (lucerne),

hasil

Asia: Georgia (Republic), India

Medicago scutellata (snail

mikropropa dan Syria

medic), Phaseolus vulgaris gasi

Europe: Rumania

(common bean), Pisum

Oceania: Australia

sativum (kapri, sweetpea), Trifolium incarnatum (Crimson clover), Trifolium pratense (purple clover), Vicia benghalensis (purple vetch), Vicia sativa (common vetch), Vigna mungo (black gram)

Africa: Mauritius, Réunion, allii Roumagnac et

45. Xanthomonas axonopodis pv.

I Allium (onions, garlic, leek, akar,

etc.), Allium cepa (bawang

batang,

South Africa

al.(=Xanthomonas campestris

bombay, onion), Allium

daun,

America: Central America & America: Central America &

Caribbean (Barbados, Cuba, Xanthomonadaceae; blight

cepa var. aggregatum

bunga,

(bawang merah, shallot),

buah,

Saint Kitts and Nevis), USA,

Allium fistulosum (Welsh

media

Brazil, Venezuela

onion), Allium porrum (leek), tanam

Asia: Japan

Allium sativum (bawang

Europa: Netherland

putih, garlic), Allium schoenoprasum (chives)

Africa: Réunion, South Africa axonopodis pv.dieffenbachiae

46. Xanthomonas

I Anthurium andreanum ,

umbi,

America: Barbados, Bermuda, (McCulloch & Pirone

Philodendron hederaceum, rhizome,

Brazil, Canada, Costa Rica, Vauterin)et al. ; (=Phytomonas

Philodendron hederaceum daun,

Dominica, Guadeloupe, dieffenbachiae =Bacterium

var. oxycardium

batang,

Jamaica, Martinique, Puerto dieffenbachiae =Xanthomonas

Aglaonema commutatum,

media

Anthurium spp., Caladium tanam

Rico, St. Vincent and the

Grenadines, Trinidad and pv. dieffenbachiae

dieffenbachiae =X.campestris bicolor hybrids,

Tobago, USA, Venezuela, =X.campestris pv.

Dieffenbachia maculata ,

Asia: China, Philippines, syngonii); Xanthomonadales:

Epipremnum pinnatum ,

Taiwan, Turkey Xanthomonadaceae;

Araceae, Philodendron

Europe: Italy, Netherland, anthurium blight, bacterial

selloum , Syngonium

Germany, Poland, Romania, blight of aroids

podophyllum , Xanthosoma

caracu , X. sagittifolium

UK Oceania: Australia, France Polynesia, New Caledonia

America: USA, Venezulea axonopodis pv.poinsettiicola(Pat

47. Xanthomonas

I Codiaeum variegatum ,

tunas,

Asia: Cocos Islands, el, Bhatt & Kulkarni)

Manihot esculenta (ubi

batang,

Philippines, India, China, Vauterinet al. ; (=Xanthomonas

kayu, cassava), Euphorbia daun

heterophylla (wild

Taiwan

campestris pv. poinsettiicola

Europe: Germany, Italy =X.poinsetticola

poinsettia), Euphorbia milii

Oceania: Australia, New =X.poinsettiicola

(Crown-of-thorns),

Euphorbia pulcherrima Zealand

=X.pulcherrimae =X.ricini f.sp.

(poinsettia),

poinsettiicola =X.rinici f.sp. poinsetticola);

Xanthomonadales: Xanthomonadaceae

Africa: Ghana, Madagascar, axonopodis pv.vasculorum(Cobb

48. Xanthomonas

I Saccharum officinarum daun, biji,

Malawi, Mauritius, ) Vauterin et al.;

(tebu, sugarcane),

planlet,

Mozambique, Réunion, South (=Xanthomonas campestris pv.

Saccharum sp.

batang,

Africa, Swaziland, Zimbabwe vasculorum =Bacillus

Zea mays (jagung, corn,

umbi

America: Antigua and vasculorum =Bacterium

maize), Roystonea regia,

(tuber/

Barbuda, Argentina, vasculorum =Phytomonas

Dictyosperma album, Areca corm/

Barbados, Belize, Brazil, vasculara =P.vasculorum

catechu (pinang, betelnut

rhizome),

akar, bibit, Colombia, Cuba, Dominica, =Pseudomonas vasculorum

palm) , bambu, Cocos

Dominican, Guyana France, =Xanthomonas vasculorum) ;

nucifera (kelapa, coconut), kayu

Guadeloupe, Jamaica, Xanthomonadales:

Coix lacryma-jobi , Panicum

Martinique, Mexico, Panama, Xanthomonadaceae; sugarcane

spp., Pennisetum

purpureum, Sorghum bicolor Puerto Rico, St. Kitts & Nevis, gumming disease, Gummosis

(sorgum, sorghum),

St. Lucia, St. Vincent and the Sorghum halepense Grenadines, Trinidad and

(Johnson grass), Sorghum

Tobago

sudanense (Sudan grass),

Europe: Portugal Thysanolaena latifolia Oceania: Australia, Fiji,

(Asian broom grass),

Papua New Guinea

Bambusa vulgaris (common bamboo), Megathyrsus

maximus (Guinea grass), Sorghum sp.(sorgum, sorghum)

Africa: South Africa, axonopodis pv.vitians(Brown)

49. Xanthomonas

I Lactuca sativa (lettuce),

daun,

Syngonium, Syngonium

batang, biji Zimbabwe

Vauterin et al. ; (=Bacterium

America: Brazil, France West lactuca =B.vitians =

podophyllum (Arrowhead

Indies, USA, Hawaii, Phytomonas lactucae

vine), beberapa species

gulma yang termasuk

Venezuela

=P.lactucae-scariolae =P.vitians

kedalam family Asteraceae,

Asia: Japan, Republic of

=Pseudomonas lactucae

Korea (South Korea) =P.lactucae-scariolae =P.vitians

Chenopodiaceae,

Europe: Germany, Italy, =Xanthomonas campestris pv.

Malvaceae, Polygonaceae

Belarus, Latvia, Lithuania, vitians =X.lactucae =X.lactucae-

and Portulacaceae

Estonia, Moldova, Armenia, scariolae

Azerbaijan, Georgia, =X.vitians) ;Xanthomonadales:

Kazakhstan, Kyrgystan, Xanthomonadaceae; leafspot,

Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, lettuce bacterial spot

Uzbekistan, Ukraina, Russia Oceania: Australia

Africa: Zimbabwe armoraciae (McCulloch) Dye;

50. Xanthomonas campestris pv.

I Armoracia rusticana daun,

batang, biji America: USA, Brazil, (=Bacterium campestre var.

(horseradish), Brassica

oleracea var. botrytis

Oklahoma

armoraciae = Phytomonas

Asia: China, India, Japan, campestris var. armoraciae =

(bunga kol, cauliflower),

Brassica oleracea var.

Turkey

Pseudomonas campestris var.

Europe: Ukraine armoraciae = Xanthomonas

gemmifera (Brussels

Oceania: Australia armoraciae) ; Xanthomonadales:

sprouts), Brassica oleracea

var. italica (broccoli), Iberis

51. Xanthomonas cassavae (ex

Africa: Burundi, DR Congo, Wiehe & Dows.) Vauterin et al.;

I Manihot esculenta (ubi

daun,

Kenya, Malawi, Rwanda, (=Xanthomonas campestris pv.

kayu, cassava)

batang

Tanzania, Uganda cassavae =X.ricini f.sp.

America: Colombia cassavae) ; Xanthomonadales: Xanthomonadaceae; cassavaspot, cassava bacterial necrosis

Africa: Egypt, Morocco, South pelargonii (Brown) Vauterin et

52. Xanthomonas hortorum pv.

I Geranium sanguineum tunas,

(bloody cranesbill),

batang,

Africa

al . ; (=Bacterium geranii

America: Argentina, Brazil, =B.pelargonii =Phytomonas

Pelargonium daun,

(pelargoniums),

bunga

Canada, USA

geranii =P.pelargonii Pelargonium graveolens Asia: India, Iran, Japan

=Pseudomonas geranii

Europe: Austria, Belgium, =P.pelargonii =Xanthomonas

(Rose geranium)

Vektor:

Hemiptera: Denmark, France, Germany, campestris pv. pelargonii

Cicadellidae Greece, Hungary, Italy, =X.geranii

Netherlands, Portugal, =X.pelargonii); Xanthomonadale

Cercopidae Romania, Russia, Belarus, s: Xanthomonadaceae;

Latvia, Lithuania, Estonia, bacterialspot

Moldova, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia,

Kazakhstan, Kyrgystan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, Ukraina, Russia, Serbia, Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro, Macedonia, Sweden, Switzerland, UK, Serbia, Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro, Macedonia Oceania: Australia

53. Xanthomonas vasicola

Africa: Ivory Coast, Gambia, pv.holcicola (Elliot);

I Panicum miliaceum (millet), batang,

Madagascar, Niger, South (=Xanthomonas holcicola

Setaria italica (foxtail

daun, biji

millet), Sorghum bicolor

Africa, Togo.

America: Mexico, USA, =Phytomonas holcicola

=Bacterium holcicola

(sorghum), Sorghum

Argentina, Venezuela. =Pseudomonas holcicola =

halepense (Johnson grass),

Asia: Bangladesh, India, Iran, Xanthomonas campestris pv.

Sorghum sudanense (Sudan

Israel, Kazakhstan, Pakistan, holcicola ); Xanthomonadales:

grass)

Sorghum almum Philippines, Thailand. Xanthomonadaceae; streaky

Europe: France, Romania, spot of sorghum and Sudan

(Columbusgrass), Zea mays

Russia, Ukraine. grass; melanosis of Panicum

(jagung, maize, corn)

Oceania: Australia, New millet; bacterial streak of millet

Zealand, Solomon Islands.

54. Xylella fastidiosa Wellset al.;

umbi lapis, America: Argentina, Brazil, Xanthomonadales:

I Acer saccharum ,

akar, buah, Canada, Costa Rica, Mexico, Xanthomonadaceae; Pierce's

Liquidambar styraciflua ,

Paraguay, USA, Venezuela disease of grapevines, alfalfa

Medicago sativa , Morus

bunga,

Asia: China, India, Taiwan, dwarf, almondscorch, citrus

alba , Platanus occidentalis, batang,

Pyrus communis ( pir, pear), daun, biji,

Turki.

variegated chlorosis, dwarf

Ulmus (elms),

bibit.

lucerne, scorch, phony disease

Acer (maples), Carya

of peach, plumscald

illinoinensis (pecan), Citrus Vektor: latifolia (tahiti lime), Citrus Hemiptera, reticulata (mandarin),

Cicadellidae Citrus reticulata x paradisi : Cicadella

(tangelo), Citrus sinensis

viridis,

(navel orange), Liquidambar Carneoceph styraciflua (Sweet gum),

ala fulgida,

Medicago sativa (lucerne),

Draeculacep

Nerium oleander (oleander), hala Prunus angustifolia minerva,

(Mountain cherry tree),

Graphoceph

Prunus dulcis (almond),

ala

Prunus persica (peach),

atropunctat

Prunus salicina (Japanese

a,

plum), Ulmus (elms), Vitis

Hemiptera,

labrusca (fox grape), Vitis

Cercopidae:

rupestris (sand-grape), Vitis Philaenus vinifera (anggur, grapevine), spumarius Acer rubrum (red maple), Brachiaria spp. (signalgrass), Coffea spp. (kopi, coffee), Conium maculatum (Poison hemlock), Cynodon spp Cyperus (flatsedge),

Digitaria spp., Echinochloa frumentacea (Japanese millet), Fragaria vesca (arbei, wild strawberry), Lolium spp (ryegrasses), Lolium multiflorum (Italian ryegrass), Medicago (medic), Paspalum spp., Paspalum dilatatum (dallis grass), Passiflora foetida (red fruit passion flower), Poaceae (grasses), Quercus rubra (northern red oak), Rubus spp. (blackberry, raspberry), Sambucus spp. (Elderberry), Salix spp., Taraxacum officinale, Taraxacum officinale complex (dandelion), Trifolium spp., Trifolium (clovers), Ulmus americana (American elm), Vinca minor

55. Xylophilus ampelinus (Panag.)

Africa: South Africa Willems et al. ; (= Xanthomonas

I Vitis vinifera (anggur,

batang

grapevine)

Asia: Turkey

ampelina); Pseudomonadales: Europe: France, Greece, Italy, Pseudomonadaceae; canker of

Moldova, Portugal, Spain, grapevine, bacterial blight of

Switzerland, Serbia, Slovenia, grapevine, black arm

Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro, Macedonia

FITOPLASMA (PHYTOPLASMA) NAMA ILMIAH/ SINONIM/

DAERAH SEBAR/ KLASIFIKASI/ NAMA UMUM/ GOLONGAN

GEOGRAPHICAL SCIENTIFIC NAME/ SYNONIM/

DISTRIBUTION TAXON/ COMMON NAME

PATHWAY

1. Apple chat fruit phytoplasma;

mata tunas, Africa: South Africa (= Apple chat fruit MLO)

I Malus domesticum ( apel,

apple), Malus spp.

batang,

America: USA

tanaman,

Europe: Belgium, Bulgaria,

akar, bibit

Denmark, Germany, Gibraltar, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Moldova, Netherlands, Norway, Sweden, Switzerland, UK (England and Wales, Scotland) Ocean: New Zealand

2. Apple rubbery wood

Africa:South Africa phytoplasma ;

I Malus domestica (apel,

bahan

perbanyaka America: Canada, Mexico, Acholeplasmatales,

apple)

Cydonia oblonga (quince),

USA, Brazil

Acholeplasmatacea; apple

Malus baccata (siberian

vegetative,

Asia:India

rubbery wood; quince chlorotic

bibit, akar, Europe: Austria, Czech blotch; pear rubbery wood

crab apple), Prunus avium

Republic, Denmark, Serbia, disease

(sweet cherry), Prunus

tanaman

cerasus (sour cherry), Pyrus hasil

Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia and communis (European pear) mikropropa Herzegovina, Montenegro, gasi, batang Macedonia, France, Germany, Italy (Italy [mainland]), Moldova, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Romania, Sweden, Switzerland, Ukraine, UK, Yugoslavia Oceania: New Zealand, Australia

3. Candidatus Phytoplasma

Africa: South Africa asteri; (=Aster yellows

I Allium cepa (bawang

buah,

America: Canada, Mexico, phytoplasma group) ;

bombay, onion),

bunga,

daun, akar, USA, Brazil, Peru Acholeplasmatales;

Alstroemeria (Inca lily),

Asia: China (Taiwan), India, Acholeplasmatacea; tomato big

Anemone coronaria (Poppy batang,

Israel, Japan, Lebanon, bud; western aster yellows;

anemone), Apium

akar,

Malaysia, Thailand periwinkle little leaf; eastern

graveolens (seledri, celery), batang,

Europe: Europe (as a whole), aster yellows; purple

Brassica napus var. napus daun,

Belgium, Czech Republic, coneflower yellows; multiplier

(rape), Brassica oleracea

bunga,

France, Germany, Greece, disease

var. capitata (kubis,

buah

cabbage), Brassica

Italy, Portugal, Russia, Spain,

oleracea var. italica

UK, Poland, Finland

(broccoli), Brassica rapa

Oceania: Australia

subsp. rapa (turnip), Callistephus chinensis (China aster), Chrysanthemum coronarium (garland chrysanthemum), Chrysanthemum frutescens (marguerite), Daucus carota (wortel, carrot), Fragaria ananassa (strawberry), Gladiolus hybrids (sword lily), Hydrangea macrophylla (French hydrangea), Lactuca sativa (lettuce), Paulownia tomentosa (paulownia), Primula sp. (primrose), Ranunculus asiaticus (garden crowfoot), Spinacia oleracea

(spinach), Tagetes patula (French marigold), Trifolium repens (white clover), Zea mays (jagung, maize,corn) Catharanthus roseus (Pink periwinkle), Celtis australis (European nettle wood), Cornus racemosa (gray dogwood), Cryptotaenia canadensis (honewort), Cucurbita pepo (ornamental gourd), Cyclamen persicum (cyclamens), Delphinium hybrids (florist's larkspur), Echinacea purpurea (purple coneflower), Eupatorium capillifolium (Dog fennel), Euphorbia pulcherrima (poinsettia), Lotus corniculatus (bird's- foot trefoil), Solanum lycopersicon (tomat,tomato), Morus bombycis (Japanese mulberry), Myrtus communis (myrtle), Olea europaea subsp. europaea (olive), Opuntia sp. (pricklypear), Petroselinum crispum (parsley), Populus

(poplars), Populus nigra (black poplar), Prunus armeniaca (apricot), Prunus persica var. nucipersica (nectarine), Prunus salicina (Japanese plum), Santalum album (Indian sandalwood), Solanum melongena (aubergine), Solanum tuberosum (kentang, potato), Solidago (Goldenrod), Spiraea tomentosa (Hardhack), Trifolium pratense (purple clover), Vaccinium (blueberries), Vitis vinifera (anggur, grapevine), Ambrosia artemisiifolia (common ragweed), Calendula officinalis (Pot marigold), Conyza canadensis (Canadian fleabane), Lepidium draba (hoary cress), Malva (mallow), Papaver rhoeas (common poppy), Portulaca oleracea (purslane), Raphanus raphanistrum (wild radish), Stellaria media (common chickweed)

4. Candidatus Phytoplasma mali;

Africa: South Africa Acholeplasmatales:Acholeplas

I Malus domesticum (apel,

tunas,

Asia: Turkey, India matacea; Apple proliferation

apple), Prunussalicina

suluran

(Japanese plum),

(stolon),

Europe: Austria, Bulgaria,

Vitis vinifera (anggur,

bagian

Croatia, Cyprus, Czech,

grapevine), Catharanthus

vegetatif

Denmark, France, Germany,

roseus , Corylus avellana,

lainnya

Greece, Hungary, Italy, Pyrus communis (pir, pear), Moldova, Netherlands,

Convolvulus arvensis Vektor:

Norway, Poland, Romania,

(bindweed), Cynodon

Hemiptera, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, dactylon (Bermuda grass), Cercopidae: Switzerland, Ukraine, Serbia, Dahlia sp., Lilium sp.,

Bosnia and Herzegovina, Prunus armeniaca, Prunus spumarius; Montenegro, Macedonia., avium (sweet cherry),

Philaenus

Hemiptera, Albania, Balkans, Belgium,

Prunus domestica (plum)

Aphrophori Bulgaria, Russia, UK, Finland dae: Aphrophora alni, Lepyronia coleoptrata; Hemiptera, Psyllidae: Cacopsylla costalis, C. Mali, C. picta

5. Candidatus Phytoplasma

Africa: Benin, Cameroon, Palmae; (=Coconut lethal

I Cocos nucifera (kelapa,

biji, bibit

coconut), Elaeis guineensis Ghana, Kenya, Mozambique, yellowing phytoplasma;

Nigeria, Tanzania, Togo coconut lethal yellowing

(kelapa sawit, oilpalm),

Vektor:

America: Belize, Cayman mycoplasma-like organism);

and other Palmae (Arenga

Hemiptera,

Islands, Cuba, Dominica, Acholeplasmatales:

engleri, Borassus flabellifer, Cixiidae:

Haiti, Honduras, Jamaica, Acholeplasmatacea; Lethal

Caryota mitis , Howea

Myndus

forsteriana , Hyophorbe

crudus; Mexico, USA, Bahamas, crudus; Mexico, USA, Bahamas,

Cicadellidae Guatemala, Saint Kitts and disease;Cape Three Point

verschaffeltii , Phoenix

canariensis , P. dactylifera, , Fulgoridae Nevis, Guyana disease; Keincope; Kribi

P. reclinata, P. sylvestris,

Asia: India

Chrysalidocarpus cabadae,

Eropa: Netherland

Corypha utan,

Oceania: Papua New Guinea,

Dictyosperma album,

Australia

Latania spp., Livistona chinensis, L. rotundifolia, Trachycarpus fortunei, Veitchia macandielsii, Veitchia merrillii, Panandus utilis

6. Grapevine flavescence doree

America: USA, Uruguay phytoplasma;Acholeplasmatale

I Vitis vinifera (anggur,

tunas,

Europe: Croatia, France, s:Acholeplasmataceae;

grapevine)

suluran

Chrysanthemum spp., Xleia (stolon),

Corsica, Germany, Italy,

faba, Vince rosea .

bagian

Slovenia, Spain, Serbia,

vegetatif

Switzerland and Montenegro,

lainnya

Belgium, Netherland, Portugal

Vektor: Hemiptera, Cicadellidae : Scaphoideu s titanus

7. Potato witches broom

America: Canada dan USA phytoplasma;Acholeplasmatale

I Dicentra spectabilis akar,

Asia: Taiwan, India dan : Acholeplasmatacea; yellows-

(bleeding heart), Medicago

batang,

Japan, Iran, China type disease; witches’ broom

sativa (lucerne), Nicotiana

daun,

Europe: Poland, Ukraine, phytiplasma

tabacum (tembakau,

bunga,

tobacco), Solanum

buah

Former USSR

tuberosum (kentang,

Oceania: Tonga

potato), Trifolium hybridum

(Alsike clover), Trifolium pratense (purple clover), Trifolium repens (white clover) S:Catharanthus roseus (Pink periwinkle), Salix (willows)

8. Strawberry lethal decline

America: Canada, USA phytoplasma(SLD);

I Fragaria sp.(strawberry),

daun,

Fragaria ananassa batang,

Acholeplasmatales:

(strawberry), Fragaria

akar, bibit

Acholeplasmataceae;northwest

chiloensis (Chilean

tanaman,

disease

strawberry), Fragaria vesca bunga. (arbei, wild strawberry)

9. Sugarcane Grassy Stunt

I Saccharum officinarum stek, mata Africa: Sudan Disease

Asia: Bangladesh, Taiwan, (SCGSD);Acholeplasmatales:

(tebu, sugarcane),

tunas,

India, Iran, Japan, Malaysia, Acholeplasmataceae;grassy

Saccharum spontaneum

batang

Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan, shoot disease;sugarcane

( wild sugarcane)

Sri Lanka, Thailand grassy;stunt

Sorghum bicolor (sorgum,

Vektor:

sorghum), Pennisetum

Hemiptera,

phytoplasma;grassy

purpureum , Brachiaria

Aphididae:

shoot;gassy stunt

mutica , Cynodon dactylon, Melanaphis

phytoplasma; Sugarcane

Imperata arundinacea sacchari

grassy shoot; white

f.sp

phytoplasmas

indosacchar i

10. Sugarcane Ramu Stunt Disease

I Saccharum officinarum stek, mata Oceania: Papua New Guinea: Phytoplasma;Acholeplasmatale

(tebu, sugarcane)

tunas,

s: Acholeplasmataceae; ramu

Poaceae (grasses),

batang,

stunt

Saccharum robustum ,

bibit

Saccharum spontaneum

(wild sugarcane),

Vektor:

Saccharum sp.

Hemiptera, Delphacidae : Eumetopina flavipes

11. Sugarcane White Phytoplasma

I Saccharum officinarum stek, tunas, Africa: Sudan (SCWLD);

Asia: Bangladesh, Taiwan, Acholeplasmatales:

(tebu, sugarcane).

akar,

India, Iran, Japan, Myanmar, Acholeplasmataceae;

Saccharum spontaneum,

batang,

Nepal, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, whitedisease;India albino

Cynodon dactylon,

daun,

Brachiaria subquadripara, bunga

Thailand, China

Dactyloctenium egyptium, Chloris barbata, Sporobolus Vektor: fertilis , Saccharum edule,

Hemiptera,

Saccharum robustum

Cicadellidae :

Matsumurat ettix hiroglyphicu s, Yamatotetti x flavovittatus