17 involve the whole student by dividing students into small groups to
achieve the desired goals such as learning outcomes, learning activities, and others.
b. Characteristics of Cooperative Learning Model
Characteristics of the cooperative learning model as follows: 1 Learning in team
Cooperative learning is a learning in teams. The team is a great place to reach the goal. Therefore, teams should be able to make
every student learn. All members of the team members should help each other to achieve learning objectives. For that reason, the criteria
of success of learning is determined by the success of the team.
2 Based on the cooperative management Management has four principal functions, namely functions of
planning, organization, implementation, and control functions. The planning function indicates that the cooperative learning requires
careful planning so that the learning process is running effectively. The function implementation must be carried out according
planning, through the steps of learning already determined include provisions that have been mutually agreed. The function of the
organization showed that cooperative learning is a joint work between each member of the group, therefore, need to set tasks and
responsibilities for each group. Control functions specified success criteria need to be demonstrated either through a test or non-test.
3 Willingness to cooperate The principle of working together need to be emphasized in the
cooperative learning process. Each member of the group not only must be set tasks and responsibilities respectively, but also instilled
the need to help each other.
4 Skills to work together Students need to be encouraged to willing and able to interact
and communicate with other members. Students need to be helped overcome various obstacles in interacting and communicating so that
each student can communicate ideas, suggested, and contribute to the success of the group Sanjaya, 2013: 244-246.
c. Principles of Cooperative Learning Model
According to the Sanjaya 2013: 246-247 there are four basic principles of cooperative learning, as follows:
18 1 Positive Interdependence
Each member of the group needs to divide tasks according to the purpose of the group. That task must be adjusted to the
capabilities of each member of the group. Group tasks cannot be completed if there are members who do not get it done and to make
another member that is helping the members to complete. 2 Individual Accountability
Each member of the group should have the responsibility in accordance with his duties. Each member must give the best for the
success of the group so as to achieve the goals set before. 3 Face to Face Promotion Interaction
Face-to-face interaction will give valuable experience to any member of the group to work together, appreciate any differences,
harnessing the advantages of each member, and fill in the deficiencies of each member.
4 Participation and Communication Cooperative learning is able to train students to actively
participate and communicate. The skill of communicating does require time and students may not be able to master it within an
instant. So teachers should continue to train until eventually the student has the ability to be a good communicator.
The main concept of cooperative learning, according to Slavin 2005: 26-27 are as follows:
