73 research used the research design proposed by Kemis and McTaggart with some
modifications. The procedure consisted of reconnaissance, planning, act and observation, and reflection. The details of the procedure are presented as follows.
1. Reconnaissance
In the reconnaissance stage, five activities were conducted to find out the problems occurred in the field. They were interviewing the teacher, observing the
ELT processes in the classroom, interviewing the students, conducting survey on the
students’ personality factors, doing the school observation, and conducting speaking pre-test. After gaining ample information, the field problems were then
identified into field problems to solve and they were coded. In the identification, a critical analysis was made to find out the causes of the problems.
2. Planning
After determining the field problem to solve, the collaborators and I arranged a plan to solve the problems being focused on. We selected the plan which was
feasible. In this research the main actions were implementing the pre- communicat
ive and communicative to improve the students’ speaking skill. Added to this, eight complementary actions were carried out to support the main
actions.
3. Act and Observation
In this step, I took the role as the English teacher in implementing the actions. Meanwhile, my collaborators took their role as the observers. They observed the
students behaviour and reaction during the implementation of the action. One collaborator took notes on the situation happened and the other collaborators took
74 pictures and took video during the implementation of the action. The existence of
the collaborators helped me in managing the students. They helped to assist the students when they had any difficulties. They also warned me if I made some
mistakes or errors during the ELT processes, so that I could correct my mistakes as soon as possible.
4. Reflection
After the implementation of the actions, a reflection was conducted. It was in the form of dialogic interview between the collaborators, the students, and I. The
interview was recorded to be transcribed later on. The dialogic interview aimed to identify which plan run well and which one was not. The well-run plan was
continued to the next cycle meanwhile the not well-run plan was revised to make the action better. Besides, the
students’ reaction and behaviour was used in the consideration of the plan revising. In the last reflection, it was decided that this
research was stopped in the Cycle 2. The reason was that the students had shown improvement on their speaking skills.
The research procedure schedule could be seen in the following table.
Table 2: The Schedule of The Research Procedure Stage
Date Activity
Reconnaissance Monday, September
22
nd
2015 Interviewing the English teacher and
Conducting school observation Monday, October 5
th
2015 Interviewing the English teacher
Conducting questionnaire 1 Thursday, October
22
nd
2015 Conducting classroom observation 1
Thursday, November 5
th
2015 Conducting classroom observation 2
Thursday, November 19
th
2015 Interviewing the English teacher
Conducting classroom observation 3 Interviewing the Students
75
Stage Date
Activity
Thursday, November 26
th
2015 Conducting classroom observation
4 Thursday, January
14
th
2016 Conducting speaking pre-test
Action and Observation
Thursday, January 21
st
2016 Implementing the action plan meeting
1, Cycle 1 Thursday, January
28
th
2016 Implementing the action plan meeting
2, Cycle 1 Thursday, February
4
th
2016 Implementing the action plan meeting
3, Cycle 1 Thursday, February
11
th
2016 Implementing the action plan meeting
1, Cycle 2 Thursday, February
18
th
2016 Implementing the action plan meeting
2, Cycle 2 Thursday, February
25
th
2016 Implementing the action plan meeting
3, Cycle 2 Reflection
Thursday, January 21
st
2016 Interviewing the collaborators my
colleagues Thursday,
January 28
th
2016 Interviewing the collaborators my
colleagues Interviewing the student
Thursday, February
4
th
2016 Interviewing the collaborator my
colleague Interviewing the student
Reflection Thursday, February
11
th
2016 Interviewing the collaborator my
colleague Thursday, February
18
th
2016 Interviewing the collaborators the
English teacher and my colleague Interviewing the students
Thursday, February 25
th
2016 Interviewing the collaborator my
colleague Thursday, March 3
rd
2016 Conducting speaking post-test
Conducting questionnaire 2 Monday, May 2
nd
2016 Interviewing the collaborator the
English teacher
76
CHAPTER IV RESEARCH PROCESS, FINDINGS, AND DISCUSSION
This chapter presents the processes, findings, and discussion of the research. It comprises five main parts. The first is the reconnaissance stage. The second is
the report of the Cycle I. The third is the report of Cycle 2. Each cycle comprises 3 parts namely planning, action and observation, as well as reflection. The fourth
is the students’ speaking scores. The fifth is the general findings of the research.
A. Reconnaissance
In this step, five activities were carried out to find out the field problems. The first was interviewing the English teacher as my first collaborator. The interviews
were dialogic and were conducted three times. They were on September 22
nd
, October 5
th
, and November 19
th
, 2015 see Appendix B Interview 1, 2, and 3 for the interview transcripts. They aimed at digging out the field problems in the
ELT processes based on the teacher’s observation, experience, and point of view. It was very important because the teacher is one of the main actors in the ELT
processes. The second was classroom observations. I conducted the classroom observation in four meetings. They were on October 22
nd
, November 5
th
, 19
th
, and 26
th
2015. In these activities, I matched the information given by the teacher and
the real situation happened in the classroom during the ELT processes see Appendix C Vignette 1 for the illustration of the ELT process as well as
jotting down new information that I found to be crossed checked later on with the teacher and the students. The third was interviewing the students. This interview
was carried on November 19
th
2015 see Appendix B Interview 4 for the
