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3 Messag Intrinsic Factors
a. Idioms
and deep-rooted
cultural wisdom b. Topic Comment Relative
Clause c. Reiteration
d. Quotation e. Hedging
f. Interjections 1
52
5 2
1
35
3 2
4 Language
Attitudes, Dominance, Security
TOTAL 149
100
There are 149 reasons why the speakers or the samples switch or mix their language. Situational factors are the highest frequency found in the conversation of
the samples. It influences the speakers to switch and mix their language. The setting took place in administration room, lobby and briefing room. It occurs 67 times
45. The second is topic commentrelative clause that occurred 52 times 35 but most of them are common words that familiar to the speakers and some of words
are terminologies that have to be used in the conversation so that the speakers and listeners understand the conversation. And the third highest frequency is participant
roles and relationship that occur 22 times 15. It influences the speaker to switch
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54 and mix their codes with whom they talk to. In this context, the speaker have to
switch their code from Bahasa Indonesia to English to English native-speaking teachers because they can not speak Bahasa. reteration is in the fourth position that
occurs 5 times 3. That happened because sometimes the speakers gave comments or continuing other speakers utterance by mix or switch their code. Quotation
happened 2 times 2 and followed by idiom in the last place with 1 time 1.
4.3.1 Participant Roles and Relationship 22 Times : 15
Most of the code switching and code mixing that occur in these conversations are influenced by whom they talked to, the bilinguals or the samples have to switcgh
and mix their codes so that the listener who does not understand Bahasa Indonesia would know what he just said. For example:
Data 1
Iain : “Good morning everyone. How was your weekend?
Kelana : “Great. I had a performance yesterday in my temple.”
Iain : “What was it? Is it any particular event or something?”
Kelana : “Yes, it was like full moon ceremony or something. I don’t really know how
to explain it in English hahahah..” Iain
: “Is it Chinese annual event?” Kelana
: “Yes” Iain
: “How about you Elan?” Elan
: “hahaha nothing really happened. I was just at home sleeping all day hahah” From the conversation above, the first speaker switches his language to
English so that the second speaker who is known has no ability to speak Bahasa would understand what he first speaker said.
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4.3.2 Situationl Factors Setting, Topic, Class, Gender, Religion, Age 67 Times : 45
Situational factors can be the reason why the staffs chang codes. Setting, topic, class, gender and age can influence the pattern of language mixing and
switching. In this observation, the setting is in Administration room lobby and briefing room. For example:
Data 3
Kelana : “Kak Melon, yang course fee Tuesday Thursday udah sebagian ke telepon,
sisanya nanti lagi ya. Aku mau lunch
diluar.” Melon
: “ Hah You always do that” Kelana
: “ Gak looh, pelatihku mau treat kami makan-makan, ulang tahun dia.” Melon
: “Bawa pulang ice cream ya. Kelana
:” Ok. Tenang aja”
Melon : “but that doesn’t mean I will forget the calls”
Kelana : “ Iya laa. Alright...”
The sample in conversation above switch code to English, because the talked about the topic that both of them knows. So by switching code to English Melon as
one of the sample knows that Kelana would understand what she said.
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4.3.3 Messag-Intrinsic Factors a. Idiom and Deep-rooted Cultural Wisdom 1 Time : 1
Most of the code switching and mixing that occur in these conversations are familiar words using by the speakers in their daily conversation and some of words
are the terminologies that must be used by the staffs. For example:
Data 8
Melon : “Kelana, student databased yang google drive itu gak bisa di edit bilang
sama Iain Kelana
: “Udah kubilang loh, dia suruh buat spreadsheet nya dulu.” Melon :
“Udah, tapi ga bisa juga.” Elan
: “Itu karena extensionnya .ods tu. Dia harus pake spreadsheet google
drivenya. Nanti ada tu sebelah kiri tulisan create abis itu di optionnya pilih spreadsheet.
Kelana : “Udah kakak aja laa yang buat, si Iain gak tau tu mungkin.”
Elan :
“Ah malas, weekly sama monthly ku aja belum siap-siap.” Kelana :
“Iya yakan, si Iain gak tau kok. Biar aja lah dulu situ kak, let him find out
himself.” From the conversation above, the sample is using idiom when they switch or
mix their language. The idiom that they use has been already familiar for both of them and they understand the terms well.
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b. Topic-CommentRelative Clauses 52 Times : 35
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