summarized in the theory of styles in translation by Friedman as cited in Goumovskaya, 2007 in Chapter Two:
1. Metaphor
a.
Rather than finding a saintly man, though, our hero, on entering the main room of the castle, saw a hive of activity: tradesmen came and went, people
were conversing in the corners, a small orchestra was playing soft music, and there was a table covered with platters of the most delicious food in that part
of the world … p. 32”
“Tanpa mencari orang bijak itu dulu, pahlawan kita langsung saja memasuki ruang utama istana itu, melihat macam-macam kegiatan: para pedagang
datang dan pergi, orang-orang berbincang di sudut-sudut, orkestra kecil memainkan musik yang lembut, dan ada sebuah meja yang dipenuhi piring-
piring makanan terlezat yang ada di belahan dunia tersebut … p. 35”
In the translation of this sentence, there were two phrases applied metaphor, ie, transferring some of the qualities of an object to another based on
similarity. A good, wise man was compared to saint and group of human activities seemed as similar to activities in a hive of bee.
b.
He told the man that one of his servants was gravely ill, and the rabbi made
ready to go to his house with him … p. 167”
Dia mengatakan pada orang itu bahwa salah seorang pelayannya sakit keras,
dan rabi itu bersiap pergi dengannya ke rumahnya … p. 175”
The word gravely ill in this sentence was a figurative phrase that seemed
old-fashioned, which was used to emphasize the dramatic effect the overall meaning in a sentence, that the person referred has a serious illnes that may
drag him into death associated with ‘grave’.
2. Metonymy
There, he could exchange his book for a thicker one, fill his wine bottle, shave, and have a haircut; he had to prepare himself for his meeting with the
girl, and he didnt want to think about the possibility that some other shepherd,
with a larger flock of sheep, had arrived there before him and asked for her hand p. 11.
Di sana dia dapat menukarkan bukunya dengan buku yang lebih tebal, mengisi botol anggurnya, bercukur dan potong rambut; dia harus mempersiapkan diri
untuk pertemuan dengan gadis itu, dan dia tidak ingin memikirkan kemungkinan ada gembala lain, dengan kawanan domba yang lebih banyak,
sampai duluan di sana dan melamarnya p. 14.
Metonymy shows the displacement of meaning which is based more on the closeness of idea, where one object replaces the other related object. In this
sentence, clause ask her hand meant not just asking for the hand of the
woman, but her whole body and soul, as a life partner. That was the intended meaning, which was represented by a single object: the hand.
3. Zeugma
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