Further about culture, the researcher refers to a theory about culture. It defines that culture refers to the following Ways of Life, including but not limited to:
1 Language : the most complicated medium of expression;
2 Arts Sciences : the most advanced and refined forms of human
expression; 3
Thought : the ways people perceive, interpret, and understand the surrounding world;
4 Spirituality : the contemplated value system transmitted through
generations that is expressed through language and deeds; 5
Social activity : the shared purposes within a cultural community, demonstrated in events and celebrations; and
6
Interaction: the social aspects of human contact, as applied in giving and taking of socialization, negotiation, protocol, and conventions para.
“Definition of Culture”, n. d
..
3. Work’s Context
a. The Author
As acknowledged previously in the background of study, Paulo Coelho is a Brazilian novelist and songwriter.
His life is reviewed by Wikipedia as follows. He knew that he wanted to be a writer soon after entering Jesuit school as a teenager. Tried to live his own way, her
parents once sent him into mental institution when he was under 20. He finally entered law school to fulfill his parents’ wish, but then he dropped out to travel
around the world: South America, Mexico, North Africa and Europe. After that, he had a hard life by performing hippie’s life and committed subversive actions during
60’s-70’s period. He took another amazing trip to a famous place in Spain. That was Santiago de Compostella, a hundred –miles road of ancient pilgrimage. This long
journey enlightened him spiritually, inspiring him to work with his novel entitled Pilgrimage
soon after he came back home. He wrote his most famous work, The Alchemist
, the following year. This work later was recorded in The Guinness Book of Records as the most translated book by a living author in 71 languages, over 65
million copies worldwide. Totally, Coelho has published 29 books all were originally in Portuguese.
He distributed his work firstly by peer-to-peer file sharing network. Two of them, The Pilgrimage
and The Valkyries, are autobiographical, while the rest mostly are fiction, although rooted in his life experiences. Here is the list of his books: The Manifest of
Krigha and Theater for Education 1974; Hell Archives 1982; Practical Manual of
Vampirism 1986; The Pilgrimage 1987; The Alchemist 1988; Brida 1990; The
Greatest Gift 1991; The Valkyries 1992; Maktub and By the River Piedra I Sat
Down and Wept 1994; The Fifth Mountain 1996; Love Letters from a Prophet and
The Manual of the Warrior of Light 1997; Veronika Decides to Die and Essential
Words 1998; The Devil and Miss Prym 2000; Fathers, Sons and Grandsons
2001; Eleven Minutes 2003; And on the Seventh Day, The Genie and Roses, Journeys
2004; The Zahir and Revived Path 2005; Like The Flowing River and The Witch of Portobello
2006; Life: The Selected Quotations 2007; The Winner Stands Alone
2008; and The Aleph 2010.
b. Work’s Setting
