8
CHAPTER II REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
This chapter consists of two parts, namely theoretical description and theoretical framework.
A. Theoretical Description
1. Theories of Translation
a. Good Translation
An ideal translation should be: “accurate” reproduce the same possible meaning of the source text, “natural” use of natural form appropriate to the kind of
text translated and “communicative” express all aspects that are easy to understand by readers “The Role of Translation Theory,” n. d..
Larson 1984 similarly suggests that it must: “use normal language forms of the receptor language, communicate as much as possible the same meaning
understood in the source language, and maintain the dynamics of the original source text” p. 6.
Duff 1992 proposes some principles of translation to consider: 1
Meaning: check the meaning of the original text whether or not it is clear enough or underlying implications.
2 Form: match ideas and words closely to the original text. However,
it allows form and word order changes in the target language, due to language structure differences.
3 Register: consider the tone of original text formalfixed or personal
expressions. 4
Source language influence: natural means not sound like the original language.
5 Style and clarity: translator needs to maintain the style of original
text and simultaneously do adjustment for the reader sake. 6
Idiom: Idiomatic expressions are commonly untranslatable. It cannot be forcibly translated into L2 target language without
considering the naturalness. To work with them, translator may retain the original wordexpressions in inverted commas ‘_______’
or give literal explanation in brackets ______ ___, use non- idiomatic translation para. 10-11.
In discussing translation text, Robinson 1997 refers to types of text reliability:
1 Literalism: words-by-words translation as close as possible to the
source text. 2
Foreignism: the translation still has a little bit strange or unfamiliar feel, though the readers consider it not as an original work.
3 Fluency: the translation is so accessible that it feels like an original
in L2 meaning-based translation is closely related to this kind of text reliability.
4 Summary: the translation summarizes only main points of the
original. 5
Commentary: the translation simplifies the complexity or explores the implications of the original.
6 Summary-Commentary: the translation explores the main part and
summarizes the rests of the original. 7
Adaptation: the translation transformed in such form that it meets the substance for the target user.
8 Encryption: the translation is decoded for certain group of users to
hide its messaging or meaning para. 10-11.
Newmark believes that: Observing the quality of a translation can focus on methods used by its
translation, whether source language oriented translating word-by-word, literal, or somatic or target language oriented adaptation, free translation,
idiomatic translation, or communicative translation as cited in Machali, 2000, p. 49-52.
This methods observation makes measurement on translation quality easier
to do, by knowing the general orientation of the translation work.
b. Good Translator
Kategori