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CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHOD
In this chapter, the researcher presents all elements regarding with the research method applied in conducting this research. This chapter deals with the
description of the research method which includes research type, form, context, and source of the data, the data collecting technique, the technique of data analysis, the
research instrument, and trustworthiness. Each sub-chapter is discussed below.
A. Research Type
This research applied descriptive qualitative method since it emphasized on describing the phenomenon of language use. Qualitative method was used to describe
the phenomenon in its context by interpreting the data. As stated by Vanderstoep and Johnston 2009: 166-167, qualitative research relies on people’s interpretation of
their own experience. Related to its purpose, the qualitative research is more about how to make description than prediction of the data.
Qualitative research method applied in this research is aimed to present the research in the form of words description instead of numbers and statistics. It was not
only analyzing and describing the data but also interpreting the data to get a rich and more in-depth understanding of address terms in The Theory of Everything movie.
For this reason, this research is aimed to describe the types and the social factors of address terms uttered by the characters in The Theory of Everything movie.
B. Form, Context, and Source of Data
The data were taken from The Theory of Everything movie script. The data were in the form of sentences, clauses, or words spoken by the characters in the
movie. The contexts of the data were dialogues. There were two kinds of data sources in this research. They were a primary data source and a secondary data source. The
primary data source was the movie and the movie script. The movie script was
accessed on http:www.screenplaydb.comfilmscriptsthe_theory_of_everything.pdf.
The data were taken from the characters’ conversations. The researcher watched the movie and then checked the accuracy of the conversations by reading the movie
script. The secondary data sources were books and journals related to the topic of this research. Those books and journals were used to find out the related theories in order
to answer the research questions. C.
Research Instruments
Lincoln and Guba in Vanderstoep and Johnston, 2009: 188-9 state that in a qualitative method, the researcher acts as the main instrument. The researcher plays
as the designer, the collector, the analyst, the interpreter, and the reporter of the data findings. The researcher herself was the main and primary instrument because she
planned the research, collected the data, classified the data, analyzed the data, made interpretations, made conclusions, and reported the results. Furthermore, the
secondary instrument of this research was data sheet. The data sheet served as the
instrument to collect the data of address terms from the sources. The table below illustrates the form of the data sheet which was used to collect the data.
Table 1. Data Sheet of Types and Social Factors of Address Terms Uttered by the Characters in
The Theory of Everything Movie
Note: 1.
Code 3. Social Factors
AT : Address Terms
PO : Particular Occasion
S-1 : Scene 1
SS : Social Status
P8 : Page 8
G : Gender
D-1 : Data number 1
A : Age
1a : Datum 1a
FR : Family Relationship
1b : Datum 1b
OH : Occupational Hierarchy
2. Types
TS : Transactional Status
FN : First Name
R : Race
TLN : Title plus Last Name
DI : Degree of Intimacy
T : Title only
LN : Last Name
SN : Special Nickname
PN : Pet Name
KT : Kinship Term
C o
de Dialogue
D a
tum Types
Social Factors Explanation
F N
T L
N T
L N
S N
P N
K T
P O
S S
G A F
R O
H T
S R
D I
A T
S -3
P 7
D -1
Sciama: Well, then, here we are. A little
challenge for you all, as you embark on your
separate doctoral journeys – whatever
they may be, Mr. Hawking. 1a
Something to separate the men from the
boys—the wheat from the chaff—the mesons
from the pi mesons— the quarks from the
quacks.
1 a
The dialogue takes place in the seminar
room of Cambridge University. Dennis Sciama, as a speaker in tutorial, gives an
exercise to his several young physicists. Meanwhile, Stephen reads a chess book that
lies on his lap out of his sight under the table. Dennis Sciama, with a wicked smirk
on his face, passes out a set of mathematical problems to Stephen. Then, Stephen looks
up and crumples the paper in his pocket. In this conversation, Dennis Sciama addresses
Stephen by title with last name TLN, Mr. Hawking, since they are in a formal
occasion. Moreover, Dennis Sciama only wants to snap at Stephen because he is busy
reading a chess book instead of paying attention on him.
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