upheld, whereas first name FN always indicates the intimate context and informal situation.
The next conversation written below also shows another phenomena of social status SS performed by the character.
The above conversation happens in a seminar room of Cambridge University. This conversation occurs between Dennis Sciama and his student, Stephen Hawking.
Stephen arrives late to Dennis Sciama’s class. Then, Stephen sets two train timetables on the table. One of several physicists pushes the train timetables down the desk.
Sciama picks them up and looks at the timetables. Unexpectedly, they are filled with tiny formulas and calculations. Sciama registers growing amazement and everyone
staring at Stephen. In this conversation, Dennis Sciama addresses his student, Stephen, by using
first name FN. He always addresses Stephen by using first name FN in their 4: 18
Dennis Sciama
: Have you even bothered, Stephen?
Stephen Hawking : Uh…sorry.
Dennis Sciama : Right. Train timetables? Stephen, these are totally
unacceptable—these expired a month ago. Laughter
Stephen Hawking : Sorry. It’s on the back. Had a little accident. I could only
do nine. Dennis Sciama
: Well… I see…well thanks. Well done Stephen.
Sp : Dennis Sciama
H : Stephen Hawking
ATS-6P13D-5
communication to show power differential rather than intimacy. In fact, Stephen is Dennis Sciama’s student. Stephen has a lower status compared to him. Therefore,
first name FN can be used not only to show intimacy but also power differential.
c. Gender G
In a certain society, gender also affects the choice of address terms. As clearly shown in Table 3, gender G is a social factor that never appeared in the data
because the movie mainly told Stephen’s step in achieving his success to be a doctor of astrophysics. He also becomes the originator of the black holes theory. In addition,
the movie tells the love story between Stephen Hawking and Jane Wilde. During the movie, the characters never employ address containing terms of gender G as the
social factor.
d. Age A
Age is a kind of the social factors that can influence people to choose certain types of address terms. Age is a determinant factor in the use of address terms. For
example, an older people tend to receive title with last name TLN when addressed by younger people. This example also occurs in hierarchical organization even the
younger people are the boss, age often wins out. The boss who is younger still address the older by title with last name TLN. The choice of title with last name
TLN in addressing older people is to show respect and to reach politeness.
The datum presented below is the example of the use of address terms influenced by age A performed by the characters.
The above example is a conversation between Frank Hawking and Jane Wilde. This conversation takes place in a dining room of Hawking family’s house. For the first
time, Stephen invites Jane to join his family’s Sunday lunch. Stephen introduces Jane to his family. Frank Hawking asks many questions to Jane. Jane answers every single
question easily. In this dialogue, Frank Hawking uses first name FN in addressing Jane. In fact, Frank is older than Jane so it affected him to use such type of address
term. 4: 19
Frank Hawking
: Ah, so, Jane?
What are you studying? Jane Wilde
: Arts. Languages, poetry. I’m thinking of doing a PhD eventually.
Frank Hawking : Oh? What in?
Jane Wilde : Medieval poetry of the Iberian Peninsula.
Sp : Frank Hawking
H : Jane Wilde
ATS-8 P15D-7
Another dialogue that contains the phenomena of age A is written in the dialogue below.
The above example is a conversation between Frank Hawking and Jane Wilde. In
Hawking family’s Sunday lunch, Frank Hawking is offering chicken to Jane. He always uses first name FN in addressing Jane since he is older than Jane.
e. Family relationship FR
The fifth social factor that influences people in addressing others is family relationship FR. Age and family relationship change influence the choice of address
terms. For example, the condition may arise when someone has to address hisher father-in-law. The condition seems to be too formal if addressing a father-in-law as
Mr. Smith. The condition also seems too familiar if addressing him by only call Smith and it seems to be unnatural if addressing him as Dad. However, the arrival of
grandchildren is sometimes seen as a way out because it is being easier to call a father-in-law as Granddad than Dad.
4: 20 Frank Hawking
: Light or dark? Re: the chicken
Jane ? Light meat or dark?
Jane Wilde : Er—light, please.
Sp : Frank Hawking
H : Jane Wilde
ATS-8 P16D-8
The example of the use of address terms that influenced by family relationship FR is as follows:
The above example is a conversation between Frank Hawking and Jane Wilde. This conversation takes place in Hawking family’s house. Frank Hawking invites Jane,
Stephen, and their children to go to his house in weekend. Jane goes there by her mini car. Stephen sits in the front seat. When they arrive in Frank’s house, Frank helps
Stephen to get down from the car with his wheelchair. Isobel runs up ahead with the children. Meanwhile, Jane loads the luggage from the car alone. Jane addresses his
father-in-law by using kinship term KT, “Papa”. Kinship term KT is a symbol to show respect as well as intimacy to the family member. Kinship term KT is also
used here as a result of family relation factor which influences the daughter-in-law to use such type in addressing his father-in-law.
4: 21 Frank Hawking
: Hello Jane Wilde
: Hello, Pa
Isobel Hawking : Isn’t it marvelous?
Jane Wilde : What about these steps, Pa?
Frank Hawking : Steps are nothing. Here we go
Jane Wilde : Want me to pull?
Frank Hawking : No, I’ll be fine. You get the luggage.
Sp : Jane Wilde
H : Frank Hawking
ATS-29P48D-22
