The next conversation written below also shows another phenomena of particular occasion PO performed by the character.
The conversation above occurs in auditorium of Cambridge University. In the end of the movie, Stephen becomes a new rock star. He successfully proved his time
invention and wrote it into a book entitled “Brief History”. Stephen makes a mini seminar about his book. The seminar has opened by Dennis Sciama, his lecturer.
Dennis Sciama addresses Stephen by title with last name TLN, Professor Hawking, since they are in a formal occasion. Moreover, Dennis Sciama wants to show their
close relationship as friend although they are a lecturer and a student.
b. Social status or rank of the other SS
Social status is one kind of the social factors that can influence people to choose certain types of address terms. This factor indicates inequality in power
between the speaker and the addressee. For example, the use of first name FN in addressing someone indicates intimacy between the speaker and the addressee.
4: 15 Dennis Sciama
: I first met the professor in 1963. Now there you are. Time
Where does it go? It has been one of the great joys of my life to watch this man defy every expectation, both
scientific and personal. Please welcome onto the stage my esteemed colleague, my
friend, Professor Hawking.
Sp : Dennis Sciama
H : Stephen Hawking
ATS-50P88D-31
However, such type of address terms also indicates inequality power between them. The superior will receive title with last name TLN when they are addressed, while
the inferior will received first name FN. The example of the use of address terms that influenced by social status SS is as follows:
The above conversation happens in the seminar room of Cambridge University.
Stephen comes back after a long time he is hospitalized. This conversation occurs when Stephen has a dissertation exam. The dissertation is about his theory of black
holes. Stephen has three dissertation examiners. They are Dennis Sciama, Kip Thorne, and Penrose. Dennis Sciama always addresses Stephen Hawking, his student,
by using first name FN in their communication. It is not to show intimacy, but to show power differential. There is a different social status between them. In the school
system, teacherslecturers always have higher power than the students because they are the ones who educate the students. As Sciama’s student, Stephen has a lower
status compared to him. 4: 16
Dennis Sciama
: Come in, Stephen.
How are you? Stephen Hawking
: Fine. Dennis Sciama
: Would you like to take a seat? Stephen Hawking
: No, thank you. Sp
: Dennis Sciama H
: Stephen Hawking ATS-19 P37D-18
Another dialogue that contains the phenomena of social status SS is written in the dialogue below.
The above conversation happens in a pub. This conversation occurs between a bartender and Stephen. Stephen goes to a pub with his friends to play pinball. While
his friends are playing pinball, Stephen suddenly remembers that Jane gave a napkin to him. Jane writes her phone number on the napkin. Then, Stephen decides to make a
call with Jane. Stephen asks to the bartender to give his money change in a coin. Stephen wants to call Jane via payphone.
In this conversation, the bartender used title only T in addressing Stephen. Title only is the type which bartender is supposed to use. The lower status ones
should respect the ones with higher status as well as to show a social distance. Here, Stephen as a buyer has higher social status than the bartender. It will be inappropriate
for them to use title with last name TLN, since they do not know each other and they do not know each other’s names. It will be inappropriate also if they use first
name FN to address since they are in a context in which the respect should be 4: 17
Stephen Hawking : Can I get two or more please?
Bartender : Yeah, sir.
Stephen Hawking : And some change for the payphone.
Bartender : Yeah, sir.
Sp : Bartender
H : Stephen Hawking
ATS-4P8D-2
upheld, whereas first name FN always indicates the intimate context and informal situation.
The next conversation written below also shows another phenomena of social status SS performed by the character.
The above conversation happens in a seminar room of Cambridge University. This conversation occurs between Dennis Sciama and his student, Stephen Hawking.
Stephen arrives late to Dennis Sciama’s class. Then, Stephen sets two train timetables on the table. One of several physicists pushes the train timetables down the desk.
Sciama picks them up and looks at the timetables. Unexpectedly, they are filled with tiny formulas and calculations. Sciama registers growing amazement and everyone
staring at Stephen. In this conversation, Dennis Sciama addresses his student, Stephen, by using
first name FN. He always addresses Stephen by using first name FN in their 4: 18
Dennis Sciama
: Have you even bothered, Stephen?
Stephen Hawking : Uh…sorry.
Dennis Sciama : Right. Train timetables? Stephen, these are totally
unacceptable—these expired a month ago. Laughter
Stephen Hawking : Sorry. It’s on the back. Had a little accident. I could only
do nine. Dennis Sciama
: Well… I see…well thanks. Well done Stephen.
Sp : Dennis Sciama
H : Stephen Hawking
ATS-6P13D-5
