difference. Wardaugh adds that different circumstance of field of work such as in military and business world will also affect the choice of address term. People who
have higher occupational status will receive title with last name when they are addressed by the people who have lower occupational status. In the other hand,
people who have lower occupational status will receive first name when they are being addressed.
7 Transactional status
Status of a person can give great effects in hisher daily life. In a society, social status of someone can be clearly seen in a communication especially in using
address terms. The different social status will determine which types of address terms are applied. The inequality in power between higher and lower social status can be
seen in the use of title with last name and first name in communication. Beside social status, there is a transactional status that also determines the use
of certain types of address term in communication. Transactional status is a status achieved by specialty in a certain field of work, so other people will follow hisher
instruction. According to Wardaugh 2006: 272, transactional status is a relationship between two sides like a doctor with a patient or a priest with a penitent. This kind of
relationship can indicate inequality power which presents in a certain institution like in a hospital or a church.
8 Race
In a certain society, race determines people in the way they choose certain type of address term. Wardaugh 2006: 269 states that in southern states of the
United States, black people will be addressed by hisher first name in a situation where it actually requires titles. The asymmetrical use of names is also part of the
system.
9 Degree of intimacy
The last factor that can influence people in addressing other people is degree of intimacy. The intimate relationship among people can be seen in the way they use
certain types of address terms. Wardaugh 2006: 268 states that the use of first name and pet name can be used to show intimacy. The use of first name and pet name are
usually used in informal situation which can produce greater intimacy.
4. The Theory of Everything Movie
Figure 1. Cover of The Theory of Everything Movie
The Theory of Everything is a biographical romantic drama movie directed by
James Marsh. The Theory of Everything’s script is adapted from the memoir entitled Travelling to Infinity: My Life with Stephen by Jane Wilde Hawking in 2014. This
movie involves some famous Hollywood actresses and actors such as Eddie Redmayne as Stephen Hawking, Felicity Jones as Jane Wilde Hawking, Charlie Cox
as Jonathan Jones, Emily Watson as Jane’s mother, Simon McBurney as Stephen’s father, and Harry Lloydand as Brian.
This movie had its world premiere at the 2014 Toronto International Film Festival on September 7
th
, 2014. The movie tells a young man named Stephen Hawking who had an
exceptional mind. He had one best friend, Brian. On 1963, Stephen and Brian won a scholarship to the Cambridge University. As an astrophysics student, Stephen had a
good skill at mathematics and physics. His future looked extremely bright. In a
farewell party, Stephen met a beautiful literature student, Jane Wilde. Stephen fell in love with her and they got married.
While pursuing his research, Stephen’s muscles began to fail. It was discovered that he had a debilitating motor neuron disease known as ALS. He would
be unable to talk, swallow, breathe, and difficult to move most of his body. Jane helped her husband in every possible way. She became Stephen’s fulltime caregiver
actually. After having a second child, Stephen developed a theory about the visibility
of black holes. From that theory, Stephen became a renowned astrophysicist. He wrote a theory into a book entitled A Brief History of Time. That book became an
international best-seller. While focusing on the children, Jane had a difficulty to work on her own
thesis. She joined the church choir to throw out her depression. In the church choir, she met a widower, Jonathan. Jane and Jonathan became close friends, and she
employed him as a piano teacher for her children. Unfortunately, when Jane gave a birth to third children, Stephen’s mother forced Jane to admit that the baby was
Jonathan’s. Stephen had no idea about that. He was still busy doing his research. He had been invited to America to accept an award.
In the end of the story, Stephen and Jane agreed to divorce before Stephen went to America. Then, Stephen went to America with Elaine, his new nurse. Stephen
and Elaine had fallen in love, and they married. Besides, Jane and Jonathan also decided to marry.
The Theory of Everything managed as a successful movie in 2014. The movie opened to a positive reception worldwide. It was nominated for a variety of accolades
in award shows and film festivals. The movie received four Golden Globe Award nominations, three 21
st
Screen Actors Guild Awards nominations, and 10 British Academy Film Awards nominations.
It is an interesting movie since it could give the audience the formal language use that was employed in a formal occasion and institution. Therefore, people can
clearly notice the different styles of language that are used in different occasion. The characters of the movie employ several address terms in their communication that
sometimes confuse the audience. For that reason, this movie is chosen as the object of this research because the phenomena in the story related to the address terms.
B. Previous Studies
There are many studies which have been conducted under the issues of address terms. However, this study is different from the previous studies. One of the
previous study is an undergraduate thesis of Setyawan 2012 entitled “A Sociolinguistic Analysis of the Address Forms Used by the Characters in the Movie
Hamlet”. The researcher of the study analyzed types, functions, and characters’ role influencing the use of address terms in the movie Hamlet. The researcher of the study
used the theory of address terms by Chaika and the theory of politeness principles
proposed by Leech. This study employed a descriptive qualitative research. The findings of this study indicated that 1 the most appearing type of address term is
title only, 2 the most appearing purpose of address terms is to make someone inferior in their utterances, and 3 the appearing kind of roles influencing the use of
addressing terms is based on their class. Then, another study dealing with address terms is research entitled “The
Sociolinguistic Analysis of Addressing Terms Used in The Karate Kid Movie” conducted by Sari in 2015. The study was mainly focused on analyzing the
variations, the reasons, and the politeness pattern of address terms applied in The Karate Kid movie. This study used a descriptive qualitative method. The researcher
found that the common address terms variations used by the characters are name, kinship, intimacy, respect, and mockery. The most appearing data related to the
reasons of address terms are to show intimacy, care, sympathy, worry, powerauthority, politeness, to calm someone, to warn someone, and to show
angerdislike. Finally, as the third objective, the common politeness patterns of address terms in this study are asymmetrical TV usage, symmetricalmutual T usage,
and symmetricalmutual V usage. Both previous studies focused on address terms. Compared to the previous
studies, this study is entitled A Sociolinguistic Analysis of Address Terms Uttered by the Characters in James Marsh’s The Theory of Everything Movie. The aims of this
