Kesimpulan Saran Community Structure of Macrozoobenthos in Seagrass Bed of Bone Batang Island South Sulawesi

5. KESIMPULAN DAN SARAN

5.1 Kesimpulan

Komunitas lamun di Pulau Bone Batang termasuk komunitas campuran mix community yang didominasi oleh jenis lamun Thalassia hemprichii dan Cymodocea rotundata. Komposisi dan jenis lamun di tiap-tiap stasiun, umumnya tidak jauh berbeda. Jenis lamun tertentu, seperti Halophila spesies perintis dan Enhalus spesies klimaks memiliki daerah sebaran yang lebih terbatas. Bivalvia, Crustacea dan Polychaeta berukuran kecil merupakan kelompok makrozoobentos yang paling dominan di daerah lamun Pulau Bone Batang. Struktur komunitas makrozoobentos dengan komposisi seperti ini tergolong cukup umum di padang lamun daerah tropis. Sulitnya menemukan spesies bentos yang bernilai ekonomis, mengindikasikan adanya tingkat eksploitasi yang berlebihan. Hasil analisis korelasi Pearson Product Moment menunjukkan tidak adanya hubungan antara kerapatan lamun dengan kepadatan makrozoobentos r = 0,30231. Dengan demikian, semakin tinggi kerapatan tegakan lamun di suatu area, belum tentu akan diikuti dengan semakin tingginya kepadatankelimpahan makrozoobentos.

5.2 Saran

Tidak adanya korelasi yang kuat antara kepadatan makrozoobentos dengan kerapatan lamun menunjukkan adanya suatu mekanisme lain terkait interaksi antara makrozoobentos dengan komunitas lamun. Disarankan untuk meneliti parameter fisik-kimia-biologi secara lebih mendalam untuk memperjelas interaksi ini, terutama terkait dengan siklussebaran nutrien dan kondisi hidrodinamika yang ada di daerah lamun. DAFTAR PUSTAKA Ahyong ST. 2001. Revision of the Australian Stomatopod Crustacea. Records of the Australian Museum. Supplement 26 2001 1-326. Allen GR. 2000. Marine Fishes of Southeast Asia. Hongkong: Periplus Edition HK Ltd and WA, Australia:Western Australian Museum. Appeltans W et al. eds 2009. World Register of Marine Species. Accessed at http:www.marinespecies.org on [2010-01-07]. Asmus H. et al 2006. Structure and Function of Tropical Seagrass Ecosystems in the Spermonde Archipelago. Southeast Asia Coastal Governance and Management Forum: Science Meet Policy for Coastal Management and Capacity Building. Bali, 14 - 16 November 2006. SPICELOICZATSEF SEACORM. Bali, 14 - 16 November 2006. Barron C, Duarte CM. 2009. Dissolved organic matter release in a Posidonia oceanica meadow. Mar.Ecol.Prog.Ser.374:75-84. Bartolomaeus T, Purschke G. 2005. Development in Hydrobiology: Morphology, Molecules, Evolution and Philogeny in Polychaeta and Related Taxa. The Netherland: Springer. Beesley PL., Ross, Graham JB., Glasby, CJ. eds. 2000. Polychaetes and Allies: The Southern Synthesis. Fauna of Australia Vol. 4A. Polychaete, Amyzostomida, Pogonophora, Echiura, Sipuncula. Melbourne Australia: CSIRO Publishing. Bengen DG. 2000. Teknik Pengambilan Contoh dan Analisis Data Biofisik Sumberdaya Pesisir. Bogor. Pusat Kajian Sumberdaya Pesisir dan Lautan, Fakultas Perikanan dan Ilmu Kelautan Institut Pertanian Bogor. Brower JE, Zar JH, von Ende CN. 1998. Field and Laboratory Methods for General Ecology. Mc Graw-Hill Company. Cannon LRG, Silver H. 1987. Sea Cucumbers of Northern Australia. Queensland Australia: Queensland Museum. Clark,AM. 1971. Monograph of Indo-West Pacific Echinoderms. London-United Kingdom: British Museum of Natural History. Clarke KR. Gorley RN. 2006. PRIMER v6: User ManualTutorial. Plymouth United Kingdom: PRIMER-E. Cowles A, Hewitt JE, Taylor RB. 2009. Density, biomass and productivity of small mobile invertebrates in a wide range of coastal habitats. Mar.Ecol.Prog.Ser. 384: 175-185. Cutler EB. 1994. The Sipuncula: Their Systematics, Biology and Evolution. Ithaca. New York: Cornell University Press. De Wilde PAWJ, Kastoro WW, Berghuis EM, Aswandy I, Al Hakim I, Kok A. 1989. Structure and energy demand of the benthic soft-bottom communities in the Java Sea and around the islands of Madura and Bali, Indonesia. Nether. Jour.Sea Res. 23 4: 449-461. Debelius H. 1999. Crustacea: Guide of The World. Frankfurt. Germany: Ikan- Unterwasserarchiv D 65933. den Hartog C. 1970. The Seagrass of The World. Amsterdam: North Holland. de Voogd NJ, Cleary DFR, Hoeksema BW, Noor A, van Soest RWM. 2006. Sponges biodiversity in the Spermonde Archipelago, SW Sulawesi Indonesia. Mar.Ecol.Prog.Ser.309: 131-142. Dharma B. 2005. Recent and Fossil Indonesian Shells. Conch Book. Eleftheriou A, McIntyre A. 2005. Methods for The Study of Marine Benthos. Oxford United Kindom. Blackwell Science Publishing Ltd. English S, Wilkinson C, Baker, V, 1997. Survey Manual for Tropical Marine Resources. Townsville Australia: Australia Institute of Marine Science. Erftemeijer PFA, Middelburg JJ. 1993. Sediment-nutrient interaction in tropical seagrass beds: a comparison between a terrigenous and a carbonate sedimentary environment in South Sulawesi Indonesia. Mar.Ecol.Prog.Ser. 102:187-198. Erftemeijer PFA, Herman PMJ. 1994. Seasonal change in environmental variables, biomass, production and nutrient contents in two contrasting tropical intertidal seagrass bed in South Sulawesi, Indonesia. Oecologia 1994;99: 45-59. Fauchald K. 1977. The Polychaete worms. Definitions and keys to the Orders, Families and Genera. Los Angeles: Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County. Science Series 28: 1-190. Fauvel P. 1923. Polychètes Errantes. Paris. France: Federation Franqaise des Societes De Sciences Naturelles Office Central De Faunistique. Fiene-Severns P, Severns M, Dyerly R. 2004. Handy Pocket Guide to The Tropical Seashells of Indonesia. Hong Kong: Periplus Edition HK Ltd. Fonseca MS, Bell SS. 1998. Influence of physical setting on seagrass landscapes near Beaufort, North Carolina USA. Mar.Ecol.Prog.Ser.171: 109-121. Fortes M. D., 1990. Seagrasses: A Resource Unknown in The ASEAN Region. ICLARM Educational Series 5. Manila. Philippines. International Center for Living Aquatic Resources Management. Granata TC et al. 2001. Flow and particle distribution in a nearshore seagrass meadow before and after a storm. Mar.Ecol.Prog.Ser. 218: 95-106. Gray JS. 2002. Species richness of marine soft sediments. A review. Mar.Ecol. Prog.Ser.244: 285-297. Gray JS, Wu RS, Or YY. 2002. Effect of hypoxia and organic enrichment on the coastal marine environment. Review. Mar.Ecol.Prog.Ser.238:249-279. Gray JS. dan Elliot, Michael. 2009. Ecology of Marine Sediments. From Science to Management.Second Edition. Oxford University Press. Goodsell PJ, Connel SD. 2005. Historical configuration of habitat influences the effect of disturbance on mobile invertebrates. Mar.Ecol.Prog.Ser.299:79-87. Guille A, Laboute P, Menou JL. 1986. Handbook of the sea-star, sea- urchin and related echnoderms of New-Caledonia Lagoon Guide des ètoiles de mer, oursins et autres èchinodermes du lagon de Nouvelle-Calèdonie. Institut Francais de Recherche Scientifique Pour le Dèveloppement en Coopèration. Hadijah. 2000. Sebaran Spasial Komunitas Gastropoda dan Asosiasinya dengan Lamun di perairan Pulau Kodingareng Kotamadya Makassar. [Tesis]. Bogor: Program Pascasarjana Institut Pertanian Bogor. Hemminga MA, Duarte CM. 2000. Seagrass Ecology. London-United Kingdom UK: Cambridge University Press. Hendriks IE, Tomas S, Bouma TJ, Duarte TM. 2008. Experimental assesment and modeling evaluation of the effects of the seagrass Posidonia oceanica on flow and particle trapping. Mar.Ecol.Prog.Ser.356: 163-173. Hoeksema BW, Moka W. 1989. Species assemblages and phenophytes of mushroom coral Fungiidae related to coral reef habitats in Flores Sea. Proc.Snellius.II Symp.Neth.J.Sea.Res.23: 149-160. Hovel KA, Fonseca MS, Myer DL, Kenworthy WJ, Whitfield PE. 2002. Effect of seagrass landscape, structure, structural complexity and hydrodynamical regime on macrofaunal densities in North Carolina seagrass beds. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. Vol.243: 11-24. Hovel KA, Fonseca MS. 2005. Influence of seagrass landscape structure on the juvenile blue crab habitat-survival function. Mar.Ecol.Prog.Ser. 300: 179- 191. Irawan A. 2003. Asosiasi Makrozoobentos berdasarkan letak Padang Lamun di Estuaria Bontang Kuala Kota Bontang Kalimantan Timur. [Tesis]. Bogor: Program Pascasarjana Institut Pertanian Bogor. Kaiser D. 2008. Grazing Pressure of Herbivorous Fish on Epiphytes in Tropical Seagrass Beds of South Sulawesi, Indonesia. Diploma [Thesis]. Bremerhaven: University of Bremen. Kharlamenko VI, Kiyashko SI, Imbs AB, Vyshkvartzev DI. 2001. Identification of food sources of invertebrates from the seagrass Zostera marina community using carbon and sulfur stable isotoe ratio and fatty acid analysis. Mar.Ecol.Prog.Ser.220: 103-117. Khouw AS. 2009. Metode dan Analisa Kuantitatif dalam Bioekologi Laut. Bogor: Pusat Pembelajaran dan Pengembangan Pesisir dan Laut P4L. Kiswara W. 1996. Inventory of Seagrass in Kuta and Gerupuk Bays, Lombok- Indonesia. Di dalam: Seagrass Biology: Proceedings of an International Workshop. Rottness Island, Western Australia. 25-29 January 1996.p 27-32. Kneer D, Asmus H, Ahnelt H, Vonk JA. 2008a. Records of Austrolethops wardi Whitley Teleostei: Gobiidae as an inhabitant of burrows of the Thalassinid shrimp Neaxius acanthus in tropical seagrass bed of the Spermonde Archipelago, Sulawesi, Indonesia. Jour.Fish.Biol.2008;72:1095- 1099. Kneer D, Asmus H, Vonk JA. 2008b. Seagrass as the main food Source of Neaxius acanthus Thalassinidea: Strahlaxiidae, It’s burrow associates, and of Coralianassa coutierei Thalassinidea: Calianassidae. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science: 79 2008 620-630. Kneer D. 2006. The Role of Neaxius acanthus Thalassinidea: Strahlaxiidae and it’s burrows in a tropical seagrass meadow, with some remarks on Coralianassa coutierei Thalassinidea: Calianassidae. [Diploma Thesis]. Berlin: Freie University. Kneer D. Priosambodo D, Asmus H. 2010a. A comparison of three methods for estimating macrozoobenthos diversity and abundance in a tropical seagrass meadow. Benthic ecology meeting 2010. University of North Carolina, Wilmington,USA 10-13 March 2010. BEM 2010.Abstract: page 102: 1-223 http:epic.awi.deepicMain?static=yespage=abstractentrydn=Kne2010a Kneer D. Priosambodo D. Asmus H. 2010b. The biology of burrowing crustaceans in seagrass meadows of the Spermonde Archipelago, Indonesia, World Seagrass Conference, Phuket, Thailand. 21-25 Novem. 2010. http: epic.awi.deepicMain?static=yespage=abstractentry_dn=Kne2010e Kneer D. Priosambodo D. Asmus H. 2010c. The biology of burrowing crustaceans in seagrass meadows of the Spermonde Archipelago, Indonesia, Crustacean Bioturbation Workshop. Lepe - Spain. http:epic.awi.deepic Main?static=yespage=abstractentry_ dn=Kne2010b Kneer D. Priosambodo D. Asmus H. 2010d. The biology of burrowing crustaceans in seagrass meadows of the Spermonde Archipelago, Indonesia, International Symposium on Small Islands and Coral reefs, Ambon, Indonesia. http:epic.awi.deepicMain?static=yespage=abstractentry dn= Kne2010d Knox A. 2001. The Ecology of Seashores. Boca Raton Florida USA. CRC Marine Science Series. Krebs CJ. 1985. Ecology: The Experimental Analysis of Distribution and Abudance. New York: Harper and Row Publishers. Kuo J. 2007. New Monoecious Seagrass of Halophila sulawesii Hydrocharita- ceae from Indonesia. Short Communication. Aqua.Bot.2007;87: 171-175. Larkum AWD, Orth RJ, Duarte CM. eds.. 2006. Seagrasses: Biology, Ecology and Conservation. The Netherland: Springer. Legendre L, Legendre P. 1998. Numerical Ecology. Elsevier: New York. Lewis III FG. 1984. Distribution of macrobenthic crustacean associated with Thalassia, Halodule and bare sand substrata.Mar.Ecol.Prog.Ser.19:101-113. Litaay M, Priosambodo D, Asmus H, Saleh A. 2006. Struktur komunitas makrozoobentos di perairan Pulau Barranglompo. Jurnal Biologi 2006;0835-4489. Bogor: Lembaga Ilmu Pengetahuan Indonesia LIPI. Liu HTH. 2008. Biodiversity of shrimp associated gobies Teleostei: Gobiidae in a seagrass bed at Barranglompo Island, Spermonde Archipelago, Indonesia, with special remarks on Austrolethops wardi. [Diplome Thesis]. Austria: University of Vienna. Ludwig JA, Reynolds J.F. 1988. Statistical Ecology: A Primer on Methods and Computing. New York: John Wiley and Sons Inc. Magurran AE. 1988. Ecological Diversity and its Measurements. Princeton University Press. Massin C. 1999. Reef Dwelling Holothuroidea Echinodermata of The Spermonde Archipelago South-West Sulawesi, Indonesia. Zoologische Verhandelingen 329. Leiden: National Natuurhistorisch Museum. Mattila J et al. 2008. Increased habitat structure does not always provide increased refuge from predation. Mar.Ecol.Prog.Ser. Vol.361:15-20. Matsuura K, Sumadhiharga O.K, Tsukamoto K. eds. 2000. Field Guide to Lombok Island: Identification Guide to Marine Organisms in Seagrass Beds of Lombok Island Indonesia. Ocean Research Institute, University of Tokyo. McLachlan A dan Brown A. 2006. The Ecology of Sandy Shores. California USA: Academic Press. Moll H. 1983. Zonation and diversity of scleractinian on reefs of South Sulawesi Indonesia. [Thesis]. Netherland: Leiden University. Nacorda HM. 2008. Burrowing Shrimps and Seagrass Dynamics in Shallow- Water Meadows of Bolinao NW Philippines. [Dissertation]. University of Wageningen. The Netherland: UNESCO-IHE Institut for Water Education. CRC PressBalkema. Leiden. Nienhuis PH, Coosen J, Kiswara W.1989. Community structure and biomass distribution of seagrasses and macrofauna in the Flores Sea, Indonesia. Nether.Jour.Sea.Res. 23 2: 197-214. Odum EP. 1983. Basic Ecology. Florida USA: W.B. Saunders Company. Palomares MLD, Pauly D eds. 2009. SeaLifeBase. World Wide Web electronic publication. www.sealifebase.org, version 112009. Parker JD, Duffy JE, Orth RJ. 2001. Plant species diversity and composition: experimental effect on marine epifaunal assemblages. Mar.Ecol.Prog.Ser. 224: 55-67. Patriquin DG. 1975. ‘Migation’ of blowouts in seagrass beds at Barbados and Carriacou West Indies and its ecological and geological applications. Aquabot.1:163-189. Peralta G, van Duren LA, Morris EP, Bouma TJ. 2008. Consequences of shoot density and stiffness for ecosystem engineering by benthic macrophytes in flow dominated areas: a hydrodynamic flume study. Mar.Ecol.Prog.Ser. 368: 103-115. Peterson BJ, Heck Jr. KL. 2001. Positive interaction between suspension-feeding bivalves and seagrass a facultative mutualism. Mar.Prog.Ecol.Ser.213: 143- 255. Peterson CH, Luettich Jr. RA, Micheli F, Skilleter GA. 2004. Attenuation of Water Flow Inside Seagrass Canopies of Differing Structure. Mar.Ecol.Prog.Ser.268: 81-92. Priosambodo D. 2004. Status dan Kondisi Terakhir Komunitas Lamun di Rataan Terumbu Karang Pulau Bonerate, dalam Burhanuddin S. Supangat A. Sulistyo B eds 2004. Laporan Hasil Penelitian Ekspedisi Wallacea- Indonesia 2004. Jakarta: Pusat Riset Wilayah Laut dan Sumberdaya Non Hayati Puswilnon. Badan Riset Kelautan dan Perikanan BRKP. Departemen Kelautan dan Perikanan. Priosambodo D. 2006. Growth rate and production of tropical seagrass Enhalus acoroides L. f Royle in vicinity of fishcage in Awerange and Labuange Bays, Barru Regency, South Sulawesi. Torani.Jour.Mar.Sci.Fish. 516: 334 -345 Special edition: CCRR-UH. December 2006. Priosambodo D. et al. 2006. Macrozoobenthos Communities in Seagrass Beds in The Spermonde Archipelago, South Sulawesi, Indonesia. [Poster]. Presented in Southeast Asia Coastal Governance and Management Forum : Science meet policy for coastal management and capacity building. SPICELOICZATSEF SEACORM. Bali: 14-16 November 2006. Priosambodo D. 2007. Sebaran jenis-jenis lamun di Sulawesi Selatan. Jurnal Bionature No.1 Vol. 8 8-17 April 2007. Jurusan Biologi FMIPA Universitas Negeri Makassar. Reed B, Hovel KA. 2006. Seagrass habitat disturbance: how loss and fragmentation of eelgrass Zostera marina influences epifaunal abundance and diversity.Mar.Ecol.Prog.Ser. 326: 133-143. Renema WT, Simon R. 2001. Larger foraminifera distribution on a mesotrophic carbonate shelf in SW Sulawesi Indonesia. Palaeogeography, Palaeo climatology, Palaeoecology 175:125-146. Romimohtarto, K., Juwana, S., 2001. Biologi Laut, Ilmu Pengetahuan tentang Biota Laut. Jakarta: Penerbit Djambatan. Russell BD, Gillanders BM, Connell SD. 2005. Proximity and size of neighbouring habitat affects invertebrate diversity. Mar.Ecol.Prog.Ser.296: 31-38. Sakai K. 1999. Synopsis of The family Calianassidae, with the key to subfamilies, genera and species, and the description of new taxa Crustacea; Decapoda; Thalassinidea. . Leiden: Zoology Verhandelingen. Samawi F. 2001. Kandungan klorofil a perairan Pulau Bone Batang, Kepulauan Spermonde, Sulawesi Selatan. Torani 111: 21-26. Sarinita S, Priosambodo D. 2006. Community structure of seagrass in Awerange and Labuange Bay, Barru Regency, South Sulawesi. Torani.Jour.Mar. Sci.Fish 5.16: 393-402. Schauerte P. 2005. The effect of synaptid holothurians Synaptidae on epiphyte biomass and macrophyte growth of the tropical seagrass Enhalus acoroides in Indonesia seagrass bed. [Thesis] Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences University of Koln Germany. Seitz RD, Lipcius RN, Olmstead NH, Seebo MS, Lambert DM. 2006. Influence of shallow-water habitats and shoreline development on abundance, biomass, and diversity of benthic prey and predators in Chesapeake Bay. Mar.Ecol.Prog.Ser. 326: 11-27. Short FT, Coles RG. eds. 2003. Global Seagrass Research Methods. Amsterdam: Elsevier Science BV. Short FT, Mc Kenzie LJ, Coles, RG, Gaeckle JL. 2004. SeagrassNet Manual for Scientific Monitoring of Seagrass Habitat-Western Pacific Edition. USA: University of New Hampshire; QDPI Australia: Northern Fisheries Center. Smith TM, Hindell JS, Jenkins GP, Connoly RM. 2008. Edge effect on fish associated with seagrass and sand patches. Mar.Ecol.Prog.Ser. 359: 203- 213. Sirota L, Hovel KA. 2006. Simulated eelgrass Zostera marina structural complexity: effect of shoot length, shoot density, and surface area on the epifaunal community of San Diego Bay. Mar.Ecol.Prog.Ser.326: 115-131. Skilleter GA, Cameron B, Zharikov Y. Boland D, McPhee DP. 2006. Effect of physical disturbance on infaunal assemblages in subtropical, intertidal seagrass bed. Mar.Ecol.Prog.Ser. 308: 61-78. Stapel J. et al. 1996. Nutrient uptake by leaves and roots of the seagrass Thalassia hemprichii in the Spermonde Archipelago, Indonesia. Mar.Ecol.Prog.Ser. 134: 195-206. Stapel J, Manuntun R, Hemminga MA. 1997. Biomass loss and nutrient redistribution in an Indonesian Thalassia hemprichii seagrass bed following seasonal low tide exposure during daylight. Mar.Ecol.Prog.Ser.148:251-262 Stephen AC. dan Edmonds SJ. 1972. Sipuncula. London: Trustees of The British Museum Natural History. Stöhr S. 2009. World Ophiuroidea database. Accessed through: Stöhr, S., O’Hara, T. Eds 2009. World Ophiuroidea database at http:www. marinespecies.orgOphiuroideaaphia.php?p=taxdetailsid=213443 on 2010 -01-06. Supriadi, Arifin. 2005. Dekomposisi serasah daun lamun Enhalus acoroides dan Thalassia hemprichii di Pulau Barranglompo Makassar. Torani.151:59-64. Terrados J. 1997. Is light involved in the vertical growth response of seagrasses when buried by sand ?. Mar.Ecol.Prog.Ser.152: 295-299. Tomascik T, Mah AJ, Nontji A, Moosa MK, 1997. The Ecology of the Indonesia Seas. Part One. The Ecology of Indonesian Series Vol. VII. Hong Kong: Periplus Edition HK Ltd. Townsend EC, Fonseca MS. 1998. Bioturbation as a potential mechanism Influencing spatial heterogeneity of North Carolina seagrass beds. Mar.Ecol.Prog.Ser.169: 123-132. Trush SF et al. 2001. Fishing disturbance and marine biodiversity: the role of habitat structure in simple soft-sediment systems. Mar.Ecol.Prog.Ser. 223: 277-286. Verheij E. 1993. Marine plants on the reefs of the Spermonde Archipelago, SW Sulawesi, Indonesia: aspect of taxonomy, floristics and ecology. [Dissertation] Leiden: RijksherbariumHortus Botanicus. Vidondo B et al. 1997. Dynamic of landscape mosaic: size and age distributions, growth and demography of seagrass Cymodocea nodosa patches. Mar.Ecol. Prog.Ser. 158: 131-138. Vonk JA, Kneer D, Stapel J, Asmus H. 2008a. Shrimp burrow in tropical seagrass meadow: an important sink for litter. Estu.Coas.Shelf.Sci. 79: 79-85. Vonk JA, Pijnappels MHJ, Stapel J. 2008b. In situ quantification of Tripneustes gratilla grazing and it’s effect on three co-occuring tropical seagrass species. Mar.Ecol.Prog.Ser.360: 107-114. Vonk JA, Christianen MJA, Stapel J. 2010. Abundance, edge effect, and seasonality of fauna in mixed-species seagras meadows in Sout-West Sulawesi, Indonesia. Mar.Biol.Res.6: 282-291. Vonk JA, Manuntun R, Hemminga MA. 1997. Biomass loss and nutrient redistribution in an Indonesian Thalassia hemprichii seagrass bed following seasonal low tide exposure during day light.Mar.Ecol.Prog.Series.148: 251- 262. Vonk JA. 2008. Seagrass nitrogen dynamic-growth strategy and the effect of macrofauna in Indonesian mix-species seagrass meadow. [Dissertation]. Nijmegen, The Netherland: Faculty of Science, Radboud University. Waycott M, Mahon KM, Mellors J, Calladine A, Kleine D. 2004. A Guide to Tropical Seagrass of The Indo-West Pacific. Townsville-Queensland Australia: James Cook University. Wicks EC, Koch EW, O’Neil JM, Elliston K. 2009. Effect of sediment organic content and hydrodynamic condition on the growth and distribution of Zostera marina. Mar.Ecol.Prog.Ser. Vol.378: 71-80. Widdows J, Pope ND, Brinsley MD, Asmus H, Asmus RM. 2008. Effect of seagrass beds Zostera noltii and Z. marina on nearer-bed hydrodynamics and sediment resuspension. Mar.Ecol.Prog.Ser. 358: 125-136. Wiethuchter A. 2009. Interaction between benthic fauna in an Indonesian seagrass bed-with special focus on the ecology of Indo-Pacific Pinnidae Bivalvia. [Diploma Thesis]. Kiel Germany: Christian-Albrechts University Worcester SE. 1995. Effect of eelgrass beds on advection and turbulent mixing in low current and low shoot density environments. Mar.Ecol.Prog.Ser. 126:223-232. Zieman JC, Zieman RT. 1989. The ecology of the seagrass meadow of the west coast of Florida: a community profile. U.S. Wildl. Serv.Biol.Rep.85 7.25.155 LAMPIRAN Lampiran 1 Matriks waktu penelitian Tahapan Kegiatan Penelitian Bulan Pelaksanaan Studi pustaka Januari 2009 – Pebruari 2009 Penyusunan proposal Maret 2009 – April 2009 Survei lokasi penelitian Mei 2009 – Juni 2009 Persiapan alat, bahan dan laboratorium Mei 2009 – Juni 2009 Pengambilan sampel di lapangan Juli 2009 – Juli 2010 Pengukuran dan analisis parameter lingkungan Juli 2009 – Juli 2010 Identifikasi sampel - analisis sampel - input data Juli 2009 – September 2010 Analisis data dan analisis statistik Oktober 2010 – Maret 2011 Penulisan hasil penelitian April 2011 – Juni 2011 Presentasi akhir Juli 2011 – September 2011 Lampiran 2 Koordinat GPS Posisi Stasiun Penelitian Stasiun Sisi Pulau Tipe Stasiun Latitude Lintang Longitude Bujur 1 Barat Lamun Stasiun 1 S 05⁰0’49.39” E 119⁰19’29.79” 2 Barat Lamun Stasiun 2 S 05⁰0’48.01” E 119⁰19’33.00” 3 Timur Lamun Stasiun 3 S 05⁰0’49.69” E 119⁰19’36.72” 4 Timur Lamun Stasiun 4 S 05⁰0’47.90” E 119⁰19’36.69” 5 Utara Lamun Stasiun 5 S 05⁰0’40.54” E 119⁰19’32.89” 6 Selatan Lamun Stasiun 6 S 05⁰0’57.43” E 119⁰19’37.34” 7 Tenggara Lamun Stasiun 7 S 05⁰0’50.69” E 119⁰19’31.87” 8 Timur laut Lamun Stasiun 8 S 05⁰0’59.92” E 119⁰19’40.91” 9 Barat Kontrol Stasiun 1 S 05⁰0’51.59” E 119⁰19’27.27” 10 Barat Kontrol Stasiun 2 S 05⁰0’49.42” E 119⁰19’34.44” 11 Timur Kontrol Stasiun 3 S 05⁰0’49.22” E 119⁰19’36.44” 12 Timur Kontrol Stasiun 4 S 05⁰0’49.33” E 119⁰19’37.04” 13 Utara Kontrol Stasiun 5 S 05⁰0’40.44” E 119⁰19’31.84” 14 Selatan Kontrol Stasiun 6 S 05⁰0’57.16” E 119⁰19’35.98” 15 Tenggara Kontrol Stasiun 7 S 05⁰0’51.05” E 119⁰19’32.55” 16 Timur laut Kontrol Stasiun 8 S 05⁰0’58.12” E 119⁰19’41.80” Lampiran 3 Alat dan Bahan