Critical Approach Review of Related Theories

by Firdaus’ face that becomes swollen and that her nose is bleeding p. 46. The second is mental experience. This experience support Firdaus’ decision to be a prostitute. Being treated badly by some men, creates a bad perception. She thinks that men cannot appreciate women. She considers that being a prostitute is better than a wife. This perception makes Firdaus hates men and decides to be a prostitute. The third is emotional experience. Firdaus gets this experience when she falls in love with Ibrahim. Unfortunately, he betrays her by married to the chairperson’s daughter. Additionally, it also can be seen when Firdaus kills a pimp in which she kills him cruelty. It shows how Firdaus shows her emotion and anger to men. 2.2.5 Perception 2.2.51 Definition of Perception There are some definitions of perception. People, especially experts, may also have the different opinion about it. Common people may think that perception is the same as point of view. However, they might be different. In order to avoid misunderstanding, this is one of the definitions of perception based on McLeod’s opinion. The word perception comes from the Latin words perceptio or percipio which means receiving, collecting, action of taking possession, apprehension with the mind or senses. McLeod 2007 states that “perception defined as the process by which an individual selects, organizes, and interprets stimuli into a meaningful and coherent picture or the environment in which he lives” p. 1. It is a complex cognitive process and differs from one individual to another, depending on the needs, values, and expectations of the individual.

2.2.5.2 Social Perception

McLeod 2007 states that “social perception deals with how an individual perceives other individuals”. The primary factors that affect social perception are related to psychological processes. If someone understands hisher own personality well, it becomes easier to understand others accurately. Personal characteristics of an individual may affect the way heshe perceives others. An individual who has a high self-esteem is more likely to perceive favorable aspects in others as well. How accurately an individual perceives others is based on not just a single skill but involves many other skills. The perceiver’s personal characteristics play a major role in influencing the way he interprets target or stimulus. A person’s attitudes, motives, interests, past experiences and expectations affect hisher perception. An individual’s perception is greatly influenced by hisher unfulfilled needs and goals.

2.2.5.3 Factors Affecting Perception

McLeod 2007 states that “perception is influenced by the ways the body is structured to receive and process stimuli from the environment” p. 8. Perception reflects the emotion, need, expectation, and learning. There are two factors that influence what and how people perceive. They are receptors and the brain. Receptors are the special body parts such as vision, hearing and touch. Each of them has a different function. However, they change energies from the