Wood, Jr. 1984 defines “characterization as an author’s creative process in creating a character which consists of describing the character’s physical
appearances, style, manner, thought, action and other’s opinion about her” p. 231.
2.2.2.2 Ways to Characterize
Abrams 1981 states “that there are two ways for characterizing the persons in a narrative”. They are “showing and telling” p. 21. In showing which
is also called “the dramatic method”, the author merely presents his characters taking and acting and leaves the reader to infer what motives and dispositions
behind what they say and do. However, the author may show not only external speech and actions, but also a character’s inner thoughts, feelings, and
responsiveness to events; for a highly developed mode of such inner showing. It means that the readers have to think about characters by themselves with some
certain attitude, behavior, speech, and thought shown by the author. In telling, the author himself intervenes authoritatively in order to describe
and often to evaluate the motives and dispositional qualities of the characters. The author states the characters objectively, impersonally, and dramatically. This way
makes the readers are able to know the characters easily because the author has stated clearly.
2.2.3 Critical Approach
According to Rohrberger and Woods, Jr. 2003, there are “five kinds of approaches” pp. 6-13. They are “the formalist approach which insists on the
total integrity of the literary piece; the biographical approach which asserts the important or an appreciation of the ideas and personality of the author to
understand the literary object; the sociocultural-historical approach which considers that literature is not created in a vacuum, but it gains ideas from culture,
so people can have ethical judgment concerning the truth of the author’s statement; the mythopoeic approach which discover certain universally recurrent
patterns of human thought, that they believe it will be significant works of art; the last is the psychological approach which views works through the lens of
psychology” para. 5-8.
2.2.4 Experience 2.2.4.1 Definition of Experience
Shahan 1990 states that “experience is a general concept comprises knowledge of or skill in or observation of some things or some events gained
through involvement in or exposure to that thing or event” p. 81. In this study, experience can be described as moments or events that happen during Firdaus’ life
which makes her change her mind about men.
2.2.4.2 Types of Experience
Shahan 1990 defines “eight types of experience” para. 8. The first type is physical experience. This kind of experience is related to a human body. One of
the criteria of this experience is that the effect or result can be seen through the eyes. The second is mental experience. Mental experience involves aspects of
intellect and consciousness experienced as combinations of thought, perception,
