cognitive process and differs from one individual to another, depending on the needs, values, and expectations of the individual.
2.2.5.2 Social Perception
McLeod 2007 states that “social perception deals with how an individual perceives other individuals”. The primary factors that affect social perception are
related to psychological processes. If someone understands hisher own personality well, it becomes easier to understand others accurately. Personal
characteristics of an individual may affect the way heshe perceives others. An individual who has a high self-esteem is more likely to perceive favorable aspects
in others as well. How accurately an individual perceives others is based on not just a single skill but involves many other skills. The perceiver’s personal
characteristics play a major role in influencing the way he interprets target or stimulus. A person’s attitudes, motives, interests,
past experiences and expectations affect hisher perception. An individual’s perception is greatly
influenced by hisher unfulfilled needs and goals.
2.2.5.3 Factors Affecting Perception
McLeod 2007 states that “perception is influenced by the ways the body is structured to receive and process stimuli from the environment” p. 8.
Perception reflects the emotion, need, expectation, and learning. There are two factors that influence what and how people perceive. They are receptors and the
brain. Receptors are the special body parts such as vision, hearing and touch. Each of them has a different function. However, they change energies from the
environment into nervous impulses. On the other hand, the brain also determines some aspects of perception. The part of the brain that serves vision has different
kinds of cells that respond only under certain conditions of stimulation. Some of these cells respond only when a light goes off.
McLeod 2007 states “three kinds of characteristics which influence someone’s perception” p. 20. The first is characteristics of perceiver which
consist of attitudes, motives, interests, experiences, and expectation. Those characteristics give an important role for someone’s perception. It is because those
things determine the way someone perceives. The second is characteristics of target which consist of novelty and familiarity, motives, sound, size, background,
and proximity. The third is characteristics of situation that consist of time, work, and social environment. It also holds an important role because the social
environment influence someone’ perception and characteristic much. Someone’s characteristic might change because of the social environment that makes heshe
change to be like that.
2.3 Review of Socio-Historical Background
This part will discuss about the government, society, other economic aspects, and the status of women in modern Egypt. It is important to know about
the socio historical background of Egypt because it will make the reading process getting easier; it gives an idea to the readers about the situation or background of
the story when the story happens. Additionally, it gives more explanation about the differences between the status of women in ancient and modern Egyptian.
2.3.1 The Egyptian Revolution 1952
Sharabi 1962 explains “the history of Egypt such as the revolution, political environment, other economic sectors, and the status of women in Egypt”
pp. 314-323. In 1952 Egyptian nationalist viewed the incompetent and corrupt of King Farouk’s government. They also viewed that King Farouk’s government
were unable to deal effectively with either the British or the problem of Israel. The solution to overcome these problems was to change the country’s leadership.
On 23 July 1952 the military organization called Free Officers launched a coup d’etat that established a new system of government. Then on 26 July 1952
King Farouk was forced to abdicate and left the country. Still in the same year, the military controlled the major instruments of force and there was no significant
opposition to their actions. The government was changed into the Revolutionary Command Council RCC whose titular head was a senior military officer and one
of the few successful Egyptian officers in the 1948 was General Muhammad Naguib. The immediate concern of the RCC was to dismantle the corrupt
structures of the monarchy and to create a new political order that would institute major social change. Additionally, the basic goal was to end political corruption
and inefficiency and to prevent further humiliations such as the Arab-Israeli War of 1948-1949 and the British control of Egypt.
In December 1952 the constitution and the parliamentary form of government were suspended. The following January General Naguib announced
that all political parties had been banned and their funds confiscated and that constitutional government would not operate for a three-year transition period. In
