3. Speaking
Speaking is the concern of this study, therefore the writer assure that the theory of speaking must be discussed here.
a. The Characteristics of Successful Speaking Activities
According to Ur 1996:120, there are some characteristics of successful speaking activities. The first characteristic is learners talk a lot. Bushman 1986:25
states that the general purpose for speech study in English class is to develop learners who can participate satisfactorily in everyday situations that demands oral work.
Therefore, the teacher should give many opportunities for the students to speak in the speaking class. The teacher should provide the speaking activities which encourage
the students to talk a lot. The class is dominated by students’ talk not by teacher’s talk.
The second one is participation is even. The classroom discussion is not dominated by talk active students. All of the students must have the same
opportunity to speak. The teacher should distribute the question fairly equal to each student.
The third one is motivation is high. The teacher should provide the interesting and challenging topics and activities in speaking class to motivate the students. If the
students interested in the topics and the activities they will eager to speak. The last one is language is of an acceptable level. The learners express
themselves in utterances that relevant, easily comprehensible each other and of an acceptable level of language accuracy. Therefore, the level of speaking activities
should match with the students’ level. 16
b. The Problems Occur in Speaking Activities
Ur 1996:121 states that there are four problems in speaking activities. The first one is inhibition. The speaking activities require some degree of real-time
exposure to an audience. The learners are often inhibited about trying to say things in a foreign language in the classroom. They are often afraid of making mistake. They
feel shy to speak. They are also afraid of criticism. The second is nothing to say. The learners cannot think anything to say. The third is low or uneven participant. The
students get a very little talking time or none at all. This happens because some students dominate the class. The fourth is the mother- tongue use. The students often
use the mother tongue in the classroom rather than the target language, especially when most of them share the same mother tongue. They tend to use the mother
tongue because it is easier than the target language.
c. The Solutions of Speaking Problems
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