The Affective Filter Hypothesis

how the character got the bracelet. 36 Thus, movies allow both moviemakers and the audience to explore the story in the finest fashion. Not only a form of art and expression, movies also provide a promising career path. Movie industry is one of the biggest industries in the world. This industry has produced a large number of successful and popular moviemakers and movie stars. In terms of commercial success, a movie can gross millions of dollars. For example the recent Jurrasic World released 2015, director Colin Trevorrow has earned over 1.5 billion of dollars worldwide. 37 Even a classic movie like Titanic released 1997, director James Cameron still earns money to date, making it the second highest-grossing movie of all time with over 2 billion dollars. 38 Movies that create a cultural phenomenon, like Star Wars franchise, do not only earn money from ticket sales, but also the sales of merchandise like action figures and costumes. The movie industry does not only concern the moviemaking process, but also the external aspect such as critics, which are inevitable for a form of art. Many people these days consider being a movie critic as a fine profession, which can be seen from websites such as Internet Movie Database www.imdb.com, Rotten Tomatoes www.rottentomatoes.com, and Letterboxd www.letterboxd.com. Movies have become a big pa rt of humans‘ life and culture to the point that it is undeniable that people, even the most reclusive ones, must have watched a movie at least once in their life. Movies have become very accessible for everyone. People can go to nearby theatres to watch new movies, or they can go to their local DVDs stores. Even if people cannot go anywhere, they can still watch movies at home on television and stream or download the movies from the internet. Most movies are also released with subtitles or dubbing for worldwide release, so people who do not understand English, for instance, can still watch a movie using their first language. Not only do people watch movies for entertainment, but they also do it for pedagogic purposes. In native English classes, movies are often used to a vast 36 Richard Barsam and Dave Monahan, op. cit., p. 5. 37 www.boxofficemojo.com, accessed on 25 October 2015. 38 Ibid. extent. Movies are typically used in English classes, but it can also be used in other fields, including Biology, Chemist, and History, even Law and Adolescent Development. 39 In ESL and EFL classes, the use of movies also receives nods from teachers. An experiment conducted by Ismaili shows that movies can develop students‘ listening and communication skills. 40 Johnson noted that watching movies in foreign languages give benefits for students, such as 1 their ability in understanding spoken language increases, 2 their pronunciation improves 3 they acquire new vocabulary, 4 they can develop students‘ self- expression ability, and 5 they uncons ciously adapt to the language‘s grammatical forms and sentence patterns in context. 41 Movies are a medium through which ESLEFL students can get exposed to the target language and receive a comprehensible input. Movies also provide students with authentic English language with its unique characteristics. Furthermore, movies have the good characteristics of video for students see Table 2.1, such as visual supports and cultural reference.

2. The Structure and Genres of Movies

Barsam states that the way the story in a movie is told is called its narrative. The narrative structure of a movie has several elements, they are: a. Story and plot. Story refers to the whole universe where the events of the movie occur, while plot is the parts of that universe that is presented on the screen. b. Order is the way the events in the movie are sequenced. c. Events are what happen in the movie. d. Duration can refer to story duration, which is the implicit amountlength of time the whole events happen; plot duration, which is the amount of time the plot happens; and screen duration, which is the length of the movie itself. 39 Cheryl Bluestone, Feature Films as a Teaching Tool, College Teaching, Vol. 48, No. 4, 2000, pp. 141 – 146. 40 Merita Ismaili, The Effectiveness of Using Movies in EFL Classroom, Academic Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies, Vol. 2, No. 4, 2013, pp.121 – 129. 41 Laura B. Johnson, Films in Foreign Language Teaching, The French Review, Vol. 29, No. 5, 1956, pp. 414 – 417.