Thinking Framework The Research Hypotheses
Almost Always, Sering Frequently, Kadang-kadang Sometimes, Jarang Rarely, and Hampir Tidak Pernah Almost never. The questionnaire was
administered in Indonesian to avoid confusion from respondents. The steps in creating the main questionnaire were:
1 Developing Conceptual Design
From the literature that had been reviewed, several concepts regarding listening skill were identified. After that, theories on language acquisition were used in
bridging the concept of listening skill and movie-watching activity. The conceptual design involves eight aspects: 1 language acquisition; 2
comprehensible input; 3 exposure; 4 attitudes; 5 subtitle use; 6 familiarity with unique characteristics of spoken language; 7 familiarity with situation
andor culture; and 8 visual clues. 2
Developing Operational Design After the conceptual design had been established, the operational design was
composed as the following: a.
Language acquisition is more important than language learning. Acquisition occurs unconsciously, while learning occurs consciously.
Stephen Krashen b.
People acquire a language by receiving comprehensible input. Stephen Krashen
c. A large amount of exposure can provide the likelihood of comprehensible
input. Stephen Krashen d.
An input can best be received with positive attitudes. Stephen Krashen e.
The kinds of movies that best provide input are the ones with no subtitles. Joan Rubin, Penny Ur
f. In improving their listening skill, people should familiarize themselves
with spoken English language and its unique characteristics. H. Douglas Brown
g. Visual clues can help listener understand a speechutterance. Jeremy
Harmer, Joan Rubin
h. The listeners can understand better if they are familiar with the situation or
culture in which the speechutterance takes place. Joan Rubin 3
Developing the Indicators and Creating Items After the conceptual and operational design had been established, the
indicators were developed Table 3.1 and the items were created Appendix 4.
Table 3.1 The Development of the Indicators
Aspects Indicators
Item numbers Total
Language Acquisition
The respondents’ listening skill improves unconsciously because
they watch movies 5, 6 ,7
3 items Comprehensible
Input The respondents can understand
the story and the language in the movies that they watch
8, 9, 10, 11, 12 5 items
Exposure The respondents watch movies
frequently 1, 2, 3
3 items Attitudes
The respondents have a positive feeling when they watch movies
20 1 item
Subtitle Use The respondents watch English
movies without using subtitle 4
1 item Familiarity with
Spoken Language
The respondents can identify the characteristics of spoken
language in the movies that they watch
13, 14, 15, 16 4 items
Familiarity with Situation and
Culture The respondents can understand
the language used in the movie because they are familiar with
the situation in the story 19
1 item The respondents can understand
the language used in the movie because they are familiar with
the culture shown in the story 18
1 item
Visual Clues The respondents can understand
the language used in the movie because of the help from the
visual elements 17
1 item TOTAL
20 items