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CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
This chapter describes the research methodology. It consists of method and research design, place and time of the study, population and sample, the content of
intervension, research instrument, instrument test, technique of data collecting, technique of data analysis, and statistical hypothesis.
A. Method and Research Design
The research method used in this research was a quantitative method. It is a research method which involves selecting subjects, technique of data collection,
the way to collect the data, and the way to implement treatments.
1
Due to using quantitative method, this research had to collect numerical data and analyze it
using statistics to explain a particular existing thing. Additionally, the research design used in this research was a quasi-
experimental study. It involves the use of intact groups of subjects in an experiment, rather than assigning subjects at random to experimental treatments.
2
To put the theory of a quasi-experimental study into practice, this research which used a quasi experimental design did not select sample from population randomly
but using sample two classes which was already organized based on instructional purposes. Actually, the researcher obtained two classes, namely 8.4
and 8.5 as research sample based on the English teachers’ recommendation since
the teacher had already known which classes have equal ability in English subject test. After obtaining the two classess as sample
from the English teacher’s suggestion, then the researcher selected the two classes to be an experimental and
1
James H. McMillan Sally Schumacher, Sixth Edition Research in Education Evidence-Based Inquiry, Boston: Pearson Education Inc, 2006, p. 117
2
William WiersmaStephen G. Jurs, Research Methods in Education-An Introduction, Boston: Pearson Education, Inc., 2009, p. 165
control class. This class selection was done based on the result of two classes’
pretest. Furthermore, pre-test and post-test design were used in this research to test
the effectiveness of an intervention. Pre-test was used to gain the beginning score of students’ writing ability before treatment was given and it was given in both
the control and the experimental class. Moreover, post-test was also be given in both the control and the experimental class to measure the score after
interventiontreatment. Then the researcher compared the result of post-test between the two groups to get the overall effectiveness of intervension.
Before the researcher gave posttest to both the control and the experimental class, the classes had given process of narrative writing instruction first.
Intervension or special treatment was only given to the experimental class in the form of giving the independent variable using picture books as models for
students’ narrative writing and then investigating its influence on the dependent variable students’ performance in writing narrative text.
B. Place and Time of the Study
The study was conducted at SMP PGRI 1 Ciputat. It started on 29 October to 27 November 2014.
C. Population and Sample
1. Population Population is the overall subjects that is researched. All the eighth
grade students of SMP PGRI 1 Ciputat in first semester in academic year 20142015 are as population in this research. Actually, the researcher chose
the school as population due to the number of classes which reaches to 8 classes and the near distance from the place where the researcher stays.
2. Sample Sampling technique which was used in this research is non probability
sampling and it did not need any type of random selection from a population. Therefore, the researcher used subjects who can be accessible or who may
represent certain types of characteristic.
3
The researcher intended to use purposive sampling in selecting two classes from the population to become
experimental and control class. This sampling emphasizes on relying on the judgement of the researcher to select a sample that is representative of the
population or that includes subjects with needed characteristics.
4
To put the idea about purposive sampling into practice, the researcher chose two classes
from the eight classes in SMP PGRI Ciputat to be the research sample based on two criteria. The first criterion was decided based on the score similarity of
students’ English mid term test. The second one was determined based on the similarity of English subject’ schedule. Therefore, the researcher asked the
English teacher’s help to select the sample since the teacher is the one who
had already known which classes have equal ability in English mid term test and similar English subject’s schedule.
Through this purposeful sampling, the researcher got the experimental and the
control class based on the English teacher’s recommendation or judgement that both the experimental and the control class had homogeneous
ability or learning result the resultscore of students’ English mid term test.
T he researcher finally got 8.4 and 8.5 class from the English teacher’s
recommendation. After applying this purposeful sampling and doing pretest, the researcher found that 8.4 class had higher mean score on pretest than 8.5
class. Therefore, the researcher chose 8.5 as the experimental class because the class needed improvement on writing narrative text, whereas 8.4 class as
the control group.
3
James H. McMillan Sally Schumacher, op-cit, p. 125
4
Ibid, p. 126
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