Engine Oil and Filter

163 Gambar Use a 2P8250 Filter Wrench to remove the oil filter and optional bypass filter if equipped. 164 Gambar Service Tool to cut the oil filter element open. Spread pleats apart and inspect the element for metal debris. An excessive amount of debris in the oil filter element may be indicative of early wear or a pending failure. Use a magnet to differentiate between the ferrous and non-ferrous metals found in your oil filter element. Ferrous metals may indicate wear on the steel and cast iron parts of your engine. Non-ferrous metals may indicate wear on the aluminum parts of your engine, such as main and rod bearings or turbocharger bearings Due to normal wear, friction, etc., it is not uncommon to find small amounts of debris in your oil filter element. Consult your Caterpillar dealer to arrange for further analysis if an excessive amount of debris is found in your oil filter element. Gambar 165 3. Wipe the sealing surface of the filter element mounting base. Make sure all of the old gasket is removed. Gambar . 4. Apply a small amount of clean engine oil to the new filter element gasket. 5. Install the new filter element until the gasket contacts the base. Tighten the filter 34 of a turn more by hand. Do not overtighten. 6. Replace the bypass filter if equipped as instructed in Steps 4 and 5. The Caterpillar bypass filter will require an additional 2.6 U.S. quarts 2.5 liters of oil. 7. Fill the crankcase with new oil. See Lubricant Specifications, Lubricant Viscosities and Refill Capacities for the proper oil and quantity to use for this engine. Gambar 8. Before starting the engine, ensure your oil level is within the correct operating range on the ENGINE STOPPED side of the dipstick. 166 9. Start and run the engine at LOW IDLE for two minutes. Inspect for oil leaks. Stop the engine. 10. Wait 10 minutes to allow the oil to drain back into the crankcase. Check the oil level. Maintain the oil level to the FULL mark in the FULL RANGE zone on the ENGINE STOPPED side of the dipstick. OIL DRAIN INTERVALS The following chart assumes the use of API CE performance oil, which have sufficient TBN for fuels with less than 0.5 sulfur. All API CE classification oils do not perform equally. This section assumes a SUPERIOR QUALITY lube oil is used. A lower quality lube oil would require that the oil change intervals be reduced accordingly. If the sulfur content in the fuel is greaterthan 1.5 by weight, use an oil with a TBN of 30 and reduce oil change interval by one half the interval recommended in the Maintenance Management Schedule It is also essential to include an S»0»S analysis of oil condition before oil change period adjustment is considered. Chart Procedure for Establishing Lube Oil Drain Intervals There are many circumstances when the proper conditions exist that may allow adjustment to the normal oil change periods. The fundamental requirement is to maintain the lube oil in an acceptable condition to provide continual engine component protection. The oils ability to retain its protective capability is a function of the oil formulation. Due to manufacturing tolerances, engine application and maintenance variation, all engines do not consume fuel and oil at the same rate. Some history of fuel consumed and oil utilized for each engine or group of engines in a similar application must be established before the following chart can be used Basically the chart reflects that 1; the change interval must be based on fuel consumption of 2500 gal 9500 L of fuel and the lube oil has sufficient additives to allow for 70 gal 265 L of fuel consumed for every quart liter of crankcase capacity. The chart establishes a ceiling for a MAXIMUM drain interval for a given fuel consumption and add oil rate. For a group of engines, determine the average fuel consumption and add oil rate. For chart use, select a fuel consumption halfway between the average and the highest in the group; and for the lube oil, select oil use rate halfway between the average and the lowest oil consumption. 167 36 38 40 42 44 46 48 50 52 54 56

1. Total Lube Oil in US. Quarts Liters – Sump and Add Oil

The diagonal line across the chart sets the MAXIMUM fuel consumption for various quantities of oil used refill plus add oil. If the plot point representing an engines total oil used versus fuel consumed falls above the diagonal line, the lube oil drain interval should be reduced accordingly. If the point falls below the diagonal line, the drain interval can be extended. The information can be converted to road distance rather than quantity of fuel consumed. This is done by multiplying total quantity of fuel consumed by the average miles per gallon kmL of the engine. For example: if during a certain time period an engine averages 6.5 mpg 2.7 kmL per 46 U.S. quarts 43.5 L of oil used sump plus add oil, a safe drain interval of up 21,000 miles 34 000 km can be used. The same information can be converted to quantity of oil used rather than road distance. This calculation is based on a superior quality performance oil which, from studies, has a useful life factor of 70 gal 265 L of fuel consumed per quart .95 L of oil. For example: if during a certain time period, an engine averages 43 U.S. quarts 41 L [36 U.S. quarts 34 L of sump oil plus 7 U.S. quarts 6.6 L of add oil] of lube oil used per 4,000 gal 15 200 L of fuel consumed, this indicates the drain interval is too long and should be reduced to a maximum of 3,000 gal 11 400 L of fuel consumed. In the opposite situation, if an engine averages 46 U.S. quarts 43.5 L [36 U.S. quarts 34 L of sump oil plus 10 U.S. quarts 9.5 L of add oil] of oil used per 2,000 gal 7600 L of fuel consumed, this indicates the drain interval can be safely extended to 3,200 gal 12 000 L of fuel consumed. 168 FUEL FILTERS CleanReplace Filters • Stop the engine. • Shut off the fuel tank supply valve to the engine. • Turn the start switch OFF or disconnect the battery when performing maintenance on fuel filters. Clean Primary Filter If Equipped Gambar …. 1. Loosen bolt 1 on the filter housing and remove filter case 3. 2. Remove element 2 and wash it in clean, nonflammable solvent. 3. Install element 2 and case 3. Tighten bolt 1 to a torque of 18 ± 3 lb ft 24 ±4 N-m.